——— | A. Tink duction, DEFENTTIONS AND Scope aes “ApPIZED MECHANICS Mechamice_cam be desovibed ae Jhat physical ederce which | desert amd predicts the__condilfons i rest or motion | of bodies wndew the action _of forces. * I} fe divided tabs fhree pants‘ “mes jes of igi bodies, deformable bodies and emechawice of Pluride. harwics of rigid bodies fo cudslivtded tte statics at] ba: Cinematios Linerfes Sieg tthe rach wach obra gated biel delle dette the re. ond thie fe while. ee \poclies at vest. 7 Te “dynamics which deals ith he bedles tn_méyen - out om sroerence jo the frees _wh'ch_arre. roepmsible| | ere mechanics ace as bridge behoeem om ewe one Js applicakion hb Heeb the debe kinerna _@ Klneic _= the branch of duymarroies ushich deals with The hadfes tn |redtion dye to Pre Application of foree. ln aystemnabe abu different Jaws amd principles Terns aon en thelr applicalton< Jo “ingest . | prableme Ys Jonown a4 applied amechamios - 4.2 | CONCEPT OF RIGID AND DEFORMED BodI5S © ayes dice 25 Baal an : that do nd} deform at change_ ke _shape _whon el bh forces. £9. contreke, Minne, mtoble, ak. = fhe Akstamce behwoeen hurd parheles vemaim fixed amd ae tn vigia bedies “whem they ame Aubjecled fo -| AY the huckwres and ewnachines are Peysed ved afeta feof — [rer pornnk of weur, to s ~__® Defrmable. Budies ( laste Batiee). IA body that _deferms or change ‘hs. shape nk fae * . when sa ee “8 rubber, pale4.3| FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND PRINCEPLES OF _MECHANTCs > — NEWTONIAN _MCHANLCS = Tn Newtentam emechamice, pace, Hime amd mass ave abs dlute mncopix, independemb of cach other Sis md tue in velakiviche “|pmechanics,) amd Hhe concept of force is dt independemb to she other Hyree. These. concepts canndt be hruely “deftned ; Hey ahould.be. accepled on the baste of own Pabuition (Sa 216 ) and -experience and Used as a rmenbad frome of wrekrence. = fhe concept of space fs ayseclaled with the médken_op the ____ position ofa ae P Moree different Jemgths Cin 3d) see omeastued fone im weferemce perent, or erfgin, fn three _givem direction. ___ he _}Wvhe defines the _ oeeeeremee fnckunt of ocouremco of Tia “dhidy of hewn emechambca, rede om, Mihi. Aaron bah 4 indole based mstiaoerda evidence. uo aa law for. Paditten of forces... : ~ dhitatee that duo adling 60 a. cle_amay.b o os by a By ey " fox ae heir cei ees ae 1a ee ite the ¢ of Mo oe which Aas fel sl. to “Sh e_ghen forces| i} (Dj Pah a ~ Olas a congitee of | of a eAgid will remain’ undhy ed if a force i ° ha atia given pon of the igi “| Of the resnttamb force acting ona de is nd} - ZOO» the_partiele will hawe_an ae s zy fe of Tramsrwted by. equa oriuzen or of nnd ene fs ced a force of the same 0 Pp ie 4 sore direction, ub acting ab a dbremb pave provided that the two forces have the gave dine of ache. (2 Tite oearna the adi ofa face ry be tone along cle Jine of acon. Tf the rresublamk farce_acting ‘ona paride fs xenv, _I the parkdle will remain ok rest C3 originally adh vest, >on pees with omnskunh Lpeed tha aright | dine Cif ovjfinally fr mdfon ). ) | Second leur. aed Jy the emagnttude of phe pesuiliamt amd in the dfeactin ~ “| of mostly forethe frees of aiken and _neadien _bekoeen ‘brclies_ —_eentach hawe fhe same aanypttids, some Sine = 20 _ond__opprsite_semse. ean tate wi) aes “Gaiton. — star that _Juro_porbiles of cenass om, avn im, ore_rmuioll abhaded by equal and opposite feces amd. = Eat “nag: ude F girue_ ce ag d= disdonce bekoeen duo parBioles. oe ee constamk of. granikation . Cuntversal __ fenstamt J,2 | paste CONCEPT IN GIATICS AND 34-5 sin83.13 10020 | -100=0 ony Ry = BON, ten lies, = dacs feeds i Race Rag? SSN. | ~ 1g0ny | |x | 100 Rae FRR of ¢ FBS B ss | a) Bx <0 Fee or, Pegtesttl.89 ~ Req’SBS.28=0 | — or, ®ege Rem (0885.28 }4J 2h = 0841.59 oO Rog cosll.S4+ Rg, Cos =O) siJ2zn20 Ken = ~Rec costl-$3_ or Reg S159 #RQSiNB8, 28-1002 tee Ss or Fea 2885-28 xsin 4. Sa | ~ @ e849 [#4] SAe0 Rem 817 85-28 = 100 aneey 4 Reg sin SH =Re ¢ 07, Reg = 93-489 N. Sin 41.59~ 100 =0, or, Rey # 77-96 sin. | Ray Ragrinll.S4 ~ Re 9085.28 -6O=0 | or, Rayt F.9S | sinu.sy | = 93.489 sinaS.28 -60 =0 From @ Regs l0.28SN = 10.288 in 4163-10024 O71 Kay = 'SHAy or, Rey = 108.39 N NIn A ABO AO= 18- radius of A ~ radius o & = W4-6 23 RB rodius of A + radius of B 4a Hence BRC = LBCA = B= $3.13 FE ea > 6 fee | fa bg FED ok BR op B =| FageFan FAS ok A ty] 24,70 — 7 4j FRO = Fan sins. 869 - F,,60383.8 on Pex ~ Fen (0936.859=0 oy, fens he way” 2 Fag tes63.93¢ om Rem = Peg Pt86 RE) os, cinac.tes= S (On Rays 2418.89 0153.0 ~ + Scos§ 3.13, = 10.00leKn at Ze +0 ©) Fyn = 3.336KN ‘ ee | + 5, <0 °, pugelnd’ 808-36 la] S20 ree | a or, Fey nde 269 | Fg f0936. 969 4 5in83.3, Kane ~ Fag $49 S3.138=0 on, Feg = SEN Bie 8 | ory Rac = 13-33gin 53.13 . er, Ria = 13-336c0596.969 oy, Cay = 10.66 87 From @ Rix * Hen oe gsin S313 | a a Or, Raw = INET KNQuestion No S Jn MPRQ and AORR OB —fommorstde- fo 4BPa =LBRQ=90" (2) f BP=BR= radius of circle (1) 985 common side (5) By EHS theorem OPBQ and Agar Hence, Lac = ty ¥ ic ; In 4 Straight line, 2754 LP@B+ LEG R= 180° or, 6O+ oe+ we y = 180° or, oer = 190-60 or, 2x2 QO ss oe= 60° Tn, A Boe Eeepmeg A | => OR= banéox9 = S186 @ R @R, BOs AS= 1% (channel bole), er, BOF I8-S.19~-S = F804, Hence In Agao Rey a7] 2h or, Rg- Bag (0886.11 =O _. @ BA ty Tihe= 0 J shy =0 Reg 60830 "~ Raq $6,121 =O O=0 Rog 215.506 ky. 9 56,1824 - 20 = Rag & AY Been Rag: 24.09 Kg or, Regt Reg S1930°- Re ,SiOS6 12) From eg” © eR Ee or, Reg = 62-2469 «SyQuestion_no 6 Question _no 6 0.748 Sin 60°= _p_ he 3.464 m. h ton 60's ps 6 ory or, b = 1.432m, i b HESCo's b = bk er, balm 2. Scale at 2m Teng th weight acts from center of Taking — moment a & +O] Mg = Nz, . Rey 7198 ~Tag” 3 ~ 88.29 x0.482 0 $80 °F Fea = 3Tag + 64-28 132. oy Reg £19327 —g+ 37.314 = Fe2ts30'=0 +A] 2Fy=0 Tag oi Rea Fag BIDSO' “Bad 50 fag > 101982 c0530"— Oy, 1.332 Tgg 34-3144 Bs, Sin30= £8.25, +3. 464T,g cos30=0) er, Fea = 50-976 #32 Tag or) Tag + 2.999 Tags 38.293 Sin3O° _ on Kea = toiaga- 3.464 Tag ©) 3.99991 Ipg= 88.293 . Ory Tag= 22.04 Nn, AQuestion not F a In & MNO | & NO = NP- OP a = NP.MQ i ~~ i = 150-100 oF - —- 40 = = 60. 5 oa ft —l Rane oes Nall = 260 at W833 SINK &. NOP re oeaal (se MN. 350 Heme, X#30 2 53% 30> 41.53 %n say ary Rey sin 60" + Ken SIV 4-53 or, Rag 68 539 ~ Re 00860 - 0 - 1000 =0 oy, %Og Reg cos lor, Rey Sin6O' = 1530. 936 einNI5: cos 41.638 —oO el) Or, Ree 2326.8943N. atJ EA, 2O 20 or, Fag 50 41683 + Rs S'N60°S3000q, 27 JF ' v. Co: - or, Rug cose xsint $38 + or Bsa ~ Bs cos60 rag $8341.56: cos4?.$3g v,&s9 = 2326. 9943 cosGor 4 Rs3 singco' — 300020 1530.936 cosuigg or, = 2291. 261 N is ei | oF, 88a = 2309 14) Wy From @ Kage '$30.936N-Question no 8 Tn triangle 806 sin = BO . BR-OR _ BRC) Be Be BCA sing = 60-40 60440 Xe sing (48 Hence Be 30 -« =30- 11.53 = bene In A ppge sin? = BRE “FBR eg ¢ 300 3] ZR <0 | Dy cos 60's" Reg tos! 848:0 Ps tos60 cosig yg —OQ| Reg = +t] EF, =0 Rs singo’ +R, iO" a cogent = 300 =0 Ry = 290.8407 N From @ | Reg 153.0890, | = 1.83 | ZU \ i you N ; Ron =_ | | ve El RE Le ast “300 FBR a an nyerys Rea ain 3-300: OF Kgq = 306./78N #] Ro- Rye cos 18.47 + Faq Sin 1.53 ~Rrosboic -@ A.J SF, <0 J 2h.0 Rag sin .83~ B20] gy Be £iN G0" Rye Sini8.4z = Req COSi.S39(O0=0 PRL 8 0%, Re singo"~ 153.089 sin 1S 8% ~ 306 178051153 HOF eo 1098 ¢ eb3. can)Question _ns8 € cy « | 30" | The | Nery | Tew = Tye Fe 4) She Tee (0530 ~Tg,8os60'= 0) | Ten cos 30°— a | Tep = Teg = 10K, Tge = Ten (0860 ep a 3. 0330) | - =o | +tJ Biy=0 +) BFye 0 jor, Ts8in0"s Teg sio30'— Ten én 60° ~Tg.sin30" ~10=0 jor, Teg 8930'S Teg 81980" -F =¢ 1 oy, Teg Sin30° = F 0330 = Qx1IOx sin30 oy Ten™ 'Febo ey = 10% a From @ q|PORCES “ACTING ON PagmtcLe AND RIGID BODY Dilfurert Mypas of. Feces. (Memiembs ) Extrenad Forces amd Momembe. Reackiom forces and Moments, ‘| Interna) Fores ond Marnombs . ee Forces. and Memes |eces and mememle thet ae applied on the body and ae | in Or refenved to ab Ihe load on the b ‘ Shey ame assumed Ip be kmourn in an ck & Surfoce forces and Momenkg . p resich movement due Jo onderrad Pe Erlurnal fares (mements) Jab ock on the tunfoce ond axe hamsmtfeal ley —conacho the body canfact . Suuloce fores (omomenke) apebied a) a ms ae_callea cancinbaled forces. (onoment ). ae Safco frees (anomenks) applied ab a ulfeeciee over je aro_cablecl dickibwlect forces ( B ane exlercal frees tho) och ob = a oat» i | GruliaKona) forces & eechomagm ee forces ave uo. i ol Beadion Rinces’ amd Moments. a Fercex and cmomnorts had cure dwdloped at uppers oh.g only These veadion peas ore kui aes rush be ae en| oe principles re sed to decide whether Yh is a -readtien teat at Yhe = o Ip simt_camnd pmeve fn a given dfreehon, thon a -reachin oppoeite tothe dfredino "ack, ad Jha Auugport pom. @. Spa dire camnd} Stale abnut am axis fn a given dfveckim, fies 2 a. reacKon _pmgmemt opps Jo Me directim acs at shat ‘Gil fis anya feds bv ambira Lediy 's onsdened fm mating decisions _pbait the mavemont of 0. painh|aakon af line bfttinpant ae elena Forces ( Moments) She Forté Honk bude 0 body toqethor Jha) entshs Srrespactce of whether or md} we apply enkrnad forces fs called internal fores “N tenament J _ She cnabertal. ~edishs anges due to applied forces. cond nnomemds, thy Snereasing dhe ‘nkernad foves — _&2 RESOLUTION AND. CoMPAEITION OF FoRcES a pracers of Aplilting wp-the _ given force a ha mumber of eomponents uitthout changing Sts effeck om the 3 cee 2 Guintmanty 0" forces ausdbved Jonbs uo comparen's CIn.-ab), ~— Le _along perpendiewler dfredions. eae dun (in 2b) panls of 0 force, are. Kenoum as comp fre F cam be neaded as, “ets Sei & + Ee| here Fas fy-and £ ome the x, yand component of | Gs Btls Rase 4 = RE = P cos p | RR = Peasy |) Le “Here, Se, os B ind pe are he diredbion canes of the: fine of ackon — cos f= = | ca Jes Ree ee | cos S. = Be a a ape Sit esp = ‘e ¥ ts i} ia Te Fe “Es Rasxy + Posy + Ceosp R 48 TELS = i where d= coset + cosy + cosy R I __ 35) PRINCEPLE OF TRANMISSTeTUITY AND EQuIVpRENT rogers > Recipe of racy. = Refer SecKon 4.3 (i). LUimvdation_ of, pace of Trunsriacibility « +f ; fut palndple of aswel | Se sac ™ Seopa on be dhe SS aid brdy in which - cel il ay Sb te, —— conic aiaid by 4 6 in appli i” baie:SA moments ANS _COUPLES _ Merent of fice. Yoouk a Poth. a = fhe. durenlng effec of.0 force pled Jo a solattona).-axgctemn fi dfeamce. Arn the axe of attation, = |fhe_emoment Fs So the anacynilude of the amu phted ‘bg the rete deme an fds. Ine Oden & the axis of station - = empowecct. — of. a F obout pind 0 can be expressed age arechoy ee mer as. | - = ¥xF, eh : 2 Alain. | =|Fl)Flino = Fa. Cwragritude )., J Diredten: fhe direchion & sense of My. are deleresined _Hhesight-hamd mile as oh < es ie Beat tee Pla = Moment Pree alent) om. arts fe uh the fection Lemme on that avis. Thus “4 3s scalar fae , ; le ob be any asrbs ate 0. 4 fence = fe HAP tek ame tuba at-a_pdrit ot 'n_paifen _veder Fas tn Figua finem, cnnraeinl of F okiad. a te Me exe. "I Meron about ol (0 . | Re aie Fy} + ak NS ual seco algo.) MoNar Sheerewn- CPrincFple of Moments) oe Bo hen ha result of _ duro Comeunren} alo any pot fe aqual So the algebraic, Aun. of the = aoe. ws eg absut the same poimh: ae Setek. os Fite the wailed F2E nT ee O fe a pownh abouk ewhich nomart a fs being daken. a Cape ee fe defined as Iwo pasaile) forces hat have the some le, have opposite. dire rochons » amd. ame A by 0 Ibe on emperdiuss distance ‘di. Give the vesutlant Pore ts xen, effecr of a couple fs Jo ponduce a -atation or: Lint of aration fn a aah dfredion - the nomen — ie sf $5 caUed oul Banik | fe 2M = 9X F: _ = = i eC \ = a —— 5 “ges of Cup QD Cine Gil + je ending Jo aohtke_te fo ya: 3 + Badsje Pnbeeckusise Couple Prruy e_Jending to ankle he b — fy arbdeclauttse direc on ee % : dy “Bs RESAUTSON OF A FORCE INTO FoRCEs AND A COUPLE i Dry face Foch on or diy com be moved Joan ant Phamy point _0 prided a couple 13 added vahtco onoment fs equal ——o_dhe. amore of F abour 0. 5 “= Gaile roprarled by ope veder Mh, perpordtaular othe | plane_cembatning 7 amd F. Since: couple is a free_vecter, Nit ray be applied _ cunpurhore + convenience, hrwever Ihe ae rly attached ie hor ullth F and Snalfon obfeined” fs veforred 10 dt Sorte’ couple suclem. er: the-reveree_of Jhe Yhesrem a a 6 RESULTINT OF FeRcE AND MOMENT fog A SYSTEM OF FoRces : Mo é.| 1 an | Conider ae specie). case __ couple maments acl Jer at paint 0 to 0 je Jeniple: emaient. Myg = ZMp, lahleh axe ae ‘one ‘anadher (8) Gn_such cases, we = com oe gy face “couple manent aysiom a moving ate pount (Pap Yrak mo resullamt caulamh Couple noqment has bo be jed bo the. boty (fig ©) Petnt P must Se on the Gite which fe perpendicular fo both ine of adn of Fp, and Hine of action of Mags * ee bbaxts fn this case). _ Tic neo iP fen 0. Fe d= Meo Yl Fa _ | REDUETON Toh WRENCHthe ‘reawlhamh face. fe avnd couple amament Mag ab 0. ane nok — pependiudan fn_qenora) cases. Shey ack at an amgie 6. @) Mags resolved Santo Jwo_eamponenls + ene pependicula (Ma) find lhe. abhor ganailel (Wi) to tne of aclien_of. Fa (Fig @). [Ps wie naw, dine porpenlanlar emement.(Mp).amay be. ellafnaled hu meving Fe to point Pfr Orn days a he_paint Jies ab dishence “d= Mau amd _perpendicwarr do 4 beth Myond Fa Cie. b-b axis). ® : ____Stnee._My tsa free vechrr, i ayy be ‘nmeved to _P 40 Phat Ls collinear wlth Fe ee = Shus,_combination. of celincar force amd oouple_enoment _ Te called urrench or erreur.” - : - fhe_our's of Yhe usrench has the sasme sine of adi as the force. Hence unemch fonds 12 cause both. tamsla=_ yamnd a rttiton aboul this avis. =A isle pitch of urrerch . —J. Sour fortes act on boll os shown. Dekarnine the restillant of the Forces on He _bolk. se gh Nolet: To delernine. resulkint of forces or vrament, sa them in earns of Ty jo aura then add them cnn ———feseo tt “f= ISON, Solution ~ Reswhamt farce CF) = Gsocosac'- a0sinac’ + 100 crs 15°) T C1SD Sin 30" + go cen20° @- 140 — mee | EL (wna ce pa further if we ane Inked Sn magnitude and direction % dhe Ep, risualixe Ais we eos. 4198 — From, ~Fyhage ee noe, a : = feat & af 5943? 14,29 es — | 149.984 N Cmagnthide ) . | 425.) _(since fam 2B). = I = dam? (44 449.43 “olth bnizenla) dlredion Cdirecon ), 4 29F is auifiient fe©. To Daoriine ‘he Faulk force ord moment of the Hig ape about pant kgs Here also, convert or write all the forces and moments 2 3 tp Typo and them sum _ tip oem algun: ite x nt vedor along EA. f= laos ce OV ADINES ae i. orn \EAl = ox OR-OE coondinateng-A— 9 pee Ss > coordinale GE 5 ed | lel eee = Joox [ae let + sR]a , Hand fhumns Rwe | Place four cating Fingers Y ght “hand in the direction where | _bedy is rote aly to tale. then the direction dy ___ Hhurinlo gree jrochon %y Sag — €-g. oe ronment = F042 = MON fe In XX planeamd rohan fp clockwise diredtion. So place cunlin fin ere of sight amd in _ x. plane. while doing Wis, Yours ob 1 hae =poinks Fowards @ve Z-axic. So, the couple mere) Steal, “Hsing a amd nuns ne _|_ G = S007 AZ ae 494.87 © |BD faree_of 608 E She amoment of goon Ase ke 200mm: force boul 8 2 fg ote +0. m . Coordinak oy Ate = 0.87 + on8y re HO0s FOG? Soy Fagpyg= 8:2) TRIE Si en = 7 . 7 2 Onder kam ding J i Ma = 27 40.467) x (800 C086 = 193.564R - GK _)™e = = 209,564 K,. ope Moment_ts_aleo 0 vedwr. So, + has bath maanthide ae on the brackel af shou Dekermine | direction. De moaninde js 202.564 Nem ond diteelien te -K jee. perpendicular t plane 7 Using Right amd thumb Rule, pointing thurs 4 Yght hh uarde ~K dtretion, Ye owe cuntin, Conclutien ‘v_h \ Avedioo. That reams 4he shomemt fends bo ratae the bracket ine) % Paper inwards. iid and oy + Boosines f) Finger, is in O _ Ma “vetoes 6r_ D 1p _eledkuise (6) direction. ese inferrnatine aye hidden ‘inside.To dakermine Vine of action of resultant, or position of resultant, alwoye use Varignon's Sheorem. _ five wrenches - wrench and Solution so ae shwun Sn Siquee, dering = Ihe bulb Sntteale its Jine a action, ‘Step LerGs / is Shearer, Ty dvermine Jine of ackon, use. ‘Varignons Z{Morvem) due te componemt). = Moment due tp vesullamh. Moss = My + FxFe 4501 + 1805 = (075.97 Te maep) Cg + zR)x 0 4 i let us delermine Hine 4 ce on amy one 4 the plone, f ay XE ple «for XZ pi yd. : QB + 2ae | (ats 2K) x (307 +60} y= sy 6OxK +402) - 602) = ~25-77 + 8947. ___.for_these _vechors tbe equa), the corresponding ont, t ahold be equal. ye. 6ox = 0 [ses ste i [x=ol | [z= oa] 7602 2 = 95.F z= 042] “Wrece taro wales vausl be equal acy So, — wrench passes Ahrough oA O40 . | Noles uy orfertaion x Nand Zone ce cant my: - this crear sale ts-no longer valid5 Four forrees “na om a ple care shown in figure 7 _ Delormire She vedulJont force awd - frdicale the Jine i + spore, 00 meme FeoN. L GOON <—— = : Solution 2 = a ~~ 7 let Juo_anples be 9 amd _~. = - = tar" BIS) ~ 3687 S00 from dD. (we considered D int, GAT +yh aaa! sata of 0.530 et _ becouse the : “Tassurne v1 ak. at origin) 2 eg (heevern of ~ Moret ape de resulhamt wore x ns wt waif ah = S20yK = 4 (mane du Ao __ahsus Degg 500% % 600) tO 300000K3 dike _ve [ano s20y = - 900000 | ‘ frie is the eguadion of Sine a, adion. 4h veuullomt fore . To draur a Jive, duro points ane needed. — ; So, Jets Fake _ovnyy Suse Faces. Comy face cam be faten), __ Pr face CE = 0. $0, % = — 300000 _ 250mm M mi 1200 OY face BE, % = 200.Cfm D.becuise dis Login). all _ So,_4200%200_- 5804 + = 300000 - ee __ 4 H6P98_ 409846 mmaa oF GRONITY, CENTRODD An gal concerns AnD: prt of EERIE DE GASYETY £ AND. CENTROL Dy 2 Gone of Grmily. 6G) the + oy ry ts the _plnk (resultant Hee apeent) frees gent elt paride _forntng. Ine. oly fates = fn other words, Shots E umique pooh de otha — whale_tweighk a Ihe baly. ods, Frrespective _ the pestin a doy bm ome: my 4 within ore ouklde the. me bag Es 4, |cenrer, 1) MOMENT OF ENERTIA Loon : 5 Me wmbid 0 fs uiliich cetef fi ee ir po fe. hope, ornelimes called cemnkre Of area ov carrie Samy “tsa a Ca ier hevilume. ‘tonbatd inches wait os ce vie ge the +" ee geri qperrvatton OF CG Conder « a Pod baited) plale of hickmess_ ik as chown in Figure. td the _ pale be divided Inlo 7 small. elemenls... the co-ordiraks| = “dlementarre demeled a; _amd y. amd : we Ye > Jeet ah ph WU be demoted 4 Aut. The tata) —uidight of plle W = 2AW. —_ fhe -resulamt etl W of there forces cam be oxprenedas , AR 2 W's Aw, + AW, +AW,t 3: > +4W, LE fo_obkato, dhe Pear ames WN of pis Cone of pietins ob W), wwe une Varig on fff My 5 RW = AW ae a cya sow caurrtty AW, ile ye Wath Joy pig cas th GrtWn = 4 we increase. Ihe weber of alomenks tinlo which the pale ts died and Eimullaneusly decrease the xe of ach lemon}, — We tobnim in the Mimi of of followiag expressions, - — We Sd Re er ~~ a= fedw 2 gw = SG(SF am obtch 5 ubdtitled Prbo vilume elemenk: dV, the Jncabion op the oomboid ¢ (2,9, 2) for he wdlume of lobteck cam be delermined bg. compute the “rmoments! ane elements about each of the corinne. arcs. 28, at jad See, aa : jo bas tn a Lav (Shitlarly, the conbald of dhe Auabace aéa ofan obec, om ol lal or zhod) cam be found toy Auld’ nol je area nko diferent'a) dlements dA coroment= of hese ores dimiats abou cieh th: Re ’ coordina. axes.o&, _ R 2 fade qe bie aa feaa d [2 fa 28 “Shetlordy, foe Sine, J te hal ge {fd oy 2 feat| DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CG AND CENTROID = CG. applies to bodes lit ease amd_wneight whoreas combrotd fe purely 0. geamebrica) Wing. CG. amd cemboid fs came Tir ie lh undfom —denity. a i which the resublamb yantitaonal (wdght) ods doe_amy erienbaiion of Hoe Tey uh nnn et fa -plane_avrea Such thal the remark of. aveaaboul_avny. ani Jbmugh thak is_xu0. - fine_a 2D. Ahape omade from cardbaard- fhe paint fn _ Fh. oe bi! you phy 4 pin ie Be CG. + combotd. But 3) you them replace part of. the shape uth steel, eeping she sane hape, the ——cembvid Ls phe same ub CG. Hiss dhifted j.0. Gt worl | balance ab the darme._point_amymore .h | | DETERMINATEON ‘OF CENTROLDS BY INTEGRATLON = Fie 2 = refer Page 282 (Bear & Dobnelor’s Broke). 1 [Daler direct Smbegration Yhe local the cunbretd — fa ms to “ — =at the equasion of curve fe Hus = bo 2 a ye tt Taha :. | ~ (Method 4. CVerHiead.. Differential Element) | the Jolal anea of she spardre) A= faa = fydx 2 = a: aes mement of the diferemfia) element ws.rt Yaak ihe SxdA. So; the first moment of the onlre area wrt Novis fs = I ay = J dA | = Sx dx =—e - . # \x(b2)e rs p= fa} ‘Since Gy = XA, We have. | . a7 4 I| | | fer the firsk amomont of Ine dEferonka) demenk unr. | “xearie te ye dA. So, the Pirek onoment of the entire avon | wort Karle” fe | a, = Suan =f pyan = Sl (ax) wae oat sj, ~ 10 nce Oy = HA, we have, |__| Methed 2 (Hentzental Dffemmbial Elewmnend) SE Sgese the! fist _anement of the enltre. | | : orrea wert. Y-orke Yk i> at | : [maak | pea a “ Ee faycan) ay } Ta 4 0” I x Tanase Dh tay i 4 eee et aay + = ee —* fe230“The thet panel Jhe_vnlive area were % ante fei es | ays J gad = Wh 2) dy = Jo a- 54") 4 — YW 4. © Gdyffote—_ = Since Phe ene _ts. aa wrt ) differerBa) oe 4s chosen ee _ of the ame Te karo red falter a i in L> fab = Sree ti ier 2+| “the fist emorert of the ane. ured. Yeants te Qy 3 Szat = = J (reos0).(rde) “a — = Sr cosede "Serre dt akan dhe cand of Ihe area oP Afamgle as shoum - mi _ ba Ye =< = play) on ++ | Sdudion 3 _ —lonsider_o _verheas. differentia! dlememt as shoumim Fgtuce @ (Node t Da aod cases, LU is fo de the patblem B i Her 2% by considering vyerd seal i brenda clemunk)ee a ie J lee) ax af “ale ~xX)dx - - I “13 bs 5 ee aS = TT 2 A bh. sina: a Ihe Pirsh J mmemonb of The diferonKa) element wrt- Y ante Ps Fad So, the first moment of dhe enfire, amea pdf agg tas 0, Heda. co cage a is s ————— —_ OS poe s = Joao x)dx wi LABLS bk = idx~ “| Satie = — eben a vale of ke : — | for cue = kh fe. kp = Qa: \ : a 8 ea nina a ie te | Cone, y EIS ay geet Aedo curver ts at ; hee (a) ari I | ie. “| | a a == as se oa a + ee “Ee (0) = be a ~The feel qe ifferembal dia a i te Yan dis ce- —_ @q = fie dA wi Ed i J sgh dx (Since vey = % from figure). = | = Sx( 58 = x)ax a 5. Sto = balan ZS as a - firct marnend of ditbrental deme wrt. % ante fe Ja2A. So, Ye fil amomen of the while area ut. Xan%s — + \s. = | ba. [gaa - Sep Cya-y.)-dax (Since Fer = sai)IL eee —_ ms ae SS Since Gy = FA, we hawe, esLoxale The aonb of the composite Fyure as shown dn figithe - Pinal cvnswserr Vester of aradalla Anould be deftoed tr question olga we should cunpose ib them tb ts ab. Jewards origin _ B. parable & 2 ts Ba Joanne thr dmdion s_deltined by air up the axear of parabdla __O, retlongle , an amd aulehading the quarterctrawan pant @ x fu. Componciks | Precif adm zn) Ty (rom) [x Con?) fu tam) ]3. | Pamabda’ | eytova2 | PS | HE eys20 | roa6e0 = 3840 24g at44gsh 288000 ] v 4g _]2_[Redamgle | ax12 | aor dt ee 6oisag | agsase - (Square) * S184 = 84 ASA A _ |B. |Reckamgle | At, = faa amd ! cthouk Y-aris fs to dIy = 024A for Hho enlfco area the MOT are delermined by Seokgm joel» ia ela SY WNT le aad Tye Seda oy * fhe ecand rmornen! of 4 about the pure(0) Jor 2 ake refered Jo_ax pdlar amamemt of Sera. De fs defined as dj, = da whore 7 fe penpemdtculan diskance the pile. (x-anis) Jo Hre dement da: for serdire area, ‘the polar MOT fe,2 ty. (sine Peleg), RADIOS OF GYRATION the _rodius of pyran. of am_avrea wh recpeck do a panadorr \ fools is Yhe_aquidne x0} of the quottent of the moment of. apie, eit te QRCdsie is 3h dato = 214} gy the dlstemee of whith the emMre_amea emush be ascumed Yo bo cancembated % order dhab the product of the area and the _Aquane 7 disance wi equal Yre mmomenh of __ Snurtia_of the a area aksul the ave ants. + fhe radius of qyration describes the Im uhich he Jota ones sedional area fs dichfhuled “arrund He cembnidal oie. : - SP more amea 16 dichiouked fuithem from the oxic, = hi howe greater _rosiclance fo clouding» ~ i - Nig e—— Farad Ande fhessem . 7 |fhe anermemt 4} Lmortio of am area uilth respect to aay fivem ax 2s equad to phe momenk of Imentia eth — respect ko Yhe combatda) artis plus the combate ] Produc of Hhe amea amd the Square af the distance betwen the jwo axes. -|the pamallel avis Yeon 2s used to delernine the emamnent of Lnertia ct ommpesibe sechione.- cee ay 4 — —¢ Lea = Tex + AR Prpoh 8 t Sn aefntin of MOS, Tag =_JCht+y) dA as He Ptahy +H)dA Pah + Jahyda + fred A. , + AngA + Ab | Tyy +0 + Ant (ste 7 = 0) |e. ‘Ste, pve \_® Moment A Inerta & diferent Section, 6Soebons- Prroa_o} dilate Mot of ehiples)= yA 4 de = te bb dy: P bdy sme fy “Delerfine MOT of redargular aecion about ceombitdal ais -she | alip (dA) = Allrdr / F Mol 4 eli (dT) = 4 ane MO of ule anea CA) = JanPar ae \ & 6 po aie re‘gnce be b r 4 Mor of Iefourgulave area. a4 — a ai ai Prea. of apa wpa: a acca | Mo. of sp a= = yaa 2 (d-y)dy. SP icra Ae aca (Eax) =f yda Bes. | about 2% ans og a SY : aah fb (4-4) ) = bd? Caboub base) 12 “Mor. of _htorqulan arta alosuk combiidal anc. “p STE os Sine r 2h og age abr, \% (87-4) d ~ Pe lsd y) = fuvan — *% bea aE (g2- Nyy =Determine, The. “mement of Lento of the ante Ahourn une E = ane & ju radius gyration. rE 2a neces epee ee of differential ) element: (aa) = yx - ee Val onto nm the cave (A)= ‘i a 5 | pe mp ab tow a 3 MOL of differential dement_ ts aes ws Nab ¥ avis ae Pas vilAy ain, dads heaenda! -thip. = bb | Got oh ea aby (dlp) = fiean “about %ant's a So, MOT 0} she shale _amea | plo-ady - = Sagi se aol ~ path zs! remy omy aah. Ea 3 iy Fee = a = 20b” 4 . z Simoni veneal asian ie besued for Tew \Sirce_o)_dhe. potions of thks cement ove mak ob She. sarme _ dédannce — fer Oe: aris, we mouck treat Ure element as abn — redargte them, _ f = Syed ogg 2 Alyy “4 zt = fea ACgy a H Pent BNges XC» Stuse ts yds ws Pax }¢ ‘ 1B + | * BP xe g : 34 ° - 4 — = {Bi intake ! i ee | ia ea z 2 ob | ofNew, radius of ao ey rd ty, [Pina i + Ia and. ey 46} the “Tip “_Sdution a I Delerrn’nation of value ke for curve, yee, BD= ae B35 f —- L g00m For cum, = 4x2 902K, 80 > kj = 0.0047 ~ Ce aah teat —hortondah— ei tle | & Mor of pis -anea_aboul K-% ante be CFM pe aa 5 eS : a — 2 ee TE KeyesSpy = 184295395 em! (From calculator). Condidering vera) differenbial elonan. Praca difenerbiad lemon (2A) . = (y-ys) dx. _ Mot 1G. dierendial element about XX ants (bly) = 97d A |%, Moz cadena EN eral a aie Clyy) 2 fdty Ss __ sain’ = tcdk 2 8 8 x (Ys-y,)dx 2 4908246. o ee [isa 2063s 1Sdem | | 997-818 Ky yy = [1308206012 = 40.494 eas Here, Seay Ie shee Serer s = “SO: aaJx = - 0,004) ds ie 197.818 om?__| Bd the rmamerh of Jimerka and rodins of gyralion_abna) a, —_ cambrridal_ anes for the section shown fenfiscg as origin, the vilues are Jabali . fi a. Compnents |"ralaen | Zlom)| (min) | A (mn?) Agile |i | Redamgle | 4200 fogs | 40 | aces | 4g cme “Fame | 80 _| 393 | 26.69 | 10664 24936 13. | Semele Cove) | - 954-35 | 45 | $064 | = wogp2e| io aus | | Zaye UBie.2S zag = 1039 69s lap a0 | Sa, - HK TAT 103996296 99.84 mm FA; NBIg.25 GTA , 49050868 tsa d SA ~ 1g8 2S ‘feat Inertia obouk X-X. onl cert it + es & iia eis ve aaa Maron of-steerKa_ok abut Yori Me ba! eee 22) [ewe 4 120% (95-8381 _ =e x BOS X (MS - = - a6} xo io - Radu of vation (ky)=_ 5.908%, a " = ‘Al Salton SteRbily, ky = Ga.eg mm, — Try = Oy) ecagte + on Gyeercrde = oe] fees OF 8m (84.8113. 23] 84.81 ear = f2dinn.5. | Srichion, “wttenuesans |For can _be defred wo & farce of wresis}ance acting on __,a_ledy, dhob provers ov rela Aligtbeg of the ao __\aelabwe * a_gecend body ot sutfoce uillh whieh | dn_conach _= fis unt Jo phe suaface at | oluray pe ie phar seks 22 _| edhe possible or exist motion of- Mie. bod =i ie. ir a 2 ie fle 4 ar aaa G) Fluid ite Gy) Dy Fricon CCouloras: Frsckion ). __ Chumeletste. of Pree of RieHon ot 5 i - i ea 0. dirocKon | _opposile a ife dirockSon op - _@ H always acks tongunh to the suvfece of ae _{8).D cs = : Dae tn 0 body hfes to rmeve relative to another Tedeperds upon the _makure of Ausf camla 02k —— ngt upon. Fhe areas feo at x isa [Laws | OF FRICTION, STATIC & D = Ni STA vr I FRICTION, ANGLE OF ee e.. lows. of Pridfon i 7 ' . oe of, fidion i 1S tied, “papaitong) bo the. “applted oh fred ph asta $e speedo i |_asren- ote fidion_ Le Independent of the svelte Fo Coofficent = _Chake ard Dynamite Gace of RicHon - == equim Cite ftton) Rae Pcapplied farce) ed ee ies, | zi a fiichon_(£.) to the mormal -reacHen CN) bebween “tuo bodies - _ J. = _ | >We Wi eee |w _P = applied force 5 Me = fore of fieKon : Bae Co fam figuee), Prion’ a Bheay |. = NL At ontftident of ficfen “Shere are wo values. of pr. When there Ls Aeretting equilibrium, thas cabled coefflenh of Hake. fiekon (ug) and™ whem the _ bodies ane im relative molion, ib fe called _ffnere (dynamic) — cvefiemh_of fiction C pu). — = ea] Se= lian P Progle of Fidton. A | let Q be ihe! vresulaert of § amd N. oo ane (B)_ made by -resullant CR) unit morndl tats ca Hon sll Inomenteats: | lade Gen 2 A tn 2 ® 3.16 restin ae aM hofizenla) lane. Hea "Tosa te ined nh rn comp i wos Sead 4 push of 2249 Inolined of +20" the ‘plane + amneved _Delrmine the Sidi a and the oii 5 frien. iTES og G8 iio Wits 5S hn Tat {oe fam of cae @. PG ce. ee ea 49.05 = yx Cd Wh) otee (Sate Sdwing Oand Gi). ~- _ Wee 99.05 — = Me 0493 © omeAan 450N force ocks 0s ahoum on a 4950N blade placed On om iar Amclimed_plame.She_codfdemts of. fiction beluveen He Hack cad the plane..2 are fle = 0-25 amd fy = O-a- Deemmine_whether Hhe block 2s im equiliu» and find the value of Ye fiton force ~ _| = tS a _ Becinlif 2) = 36.87" 2 = yeas ge , es a Fee rate ae as ut. of block. fore aquilibtrm of friction CH) u As Hewrntined hak Panlenk the clue of that Fsurolog the diredSon af fos shown. | 4 Bie 20, Ss | 450 ~~ 195088 36.09° 26 | Se I es f= - %60N. (ove Sgn _indicales the tains ign +o own assumed direcKon), So, f= 260M 7 : Gb hae ANSR 20 ~ 1350 cos 36.89" = R ae _ 1 R= 4o80N 5 Ss Beene ae the Aonce fp required do onatnba eal ae Pate doet epee (A) jee Dhe_ —Herdeny of block Ss fp peFae Pacer Force? mage Ga roabmunn Prion force which can be — ie - RQ _ Pats aeciiots = 2WN Since Yhe value of force required to amainkain equilibnwm Ga00n) ie danger Foam jhe maximum value whidh cam be dendloped (290N), equilibriwm will not be rnatnfaimed & the block will tide down the plame . : Preto Nealue of Pichon reve { feduas) = ie | = 0.2% 1080 A = aig N the dtrecon of Jie foe ds opp do the zea _emobion fe. foepyah = 216N Ze | Tehadd be moked trak te ty om the blode Lae met balanced . fhe | te R = 1360 cos 36:87°- 916 — 450 R= MANY 3. Sup _bleeles conmedked by a hotxenlal_Jink AB are 2 Autpported on dwn 1 flames & shown tn figure. the coefficient va fetton the Hd on the honaombal plane ts Od. Pe Hey an om for black & on dhe indined _ Pome ie” 20 4s the symatlest wo Wot the pe Ah phi elder ewe ede blue BS & kNO“t= wh of bled | __ R= normal reachion . bs S Taq = Jenson on B due fo A- ae £80 4 block f+ force oP _frichion « = Rtan0°. _| _Resin30° + Fe cas30° = We.| } + Eh +0 I f= Tae = 4496 KN Gy). _|| We know, = 10.49 IeN. D blede A of 1S key amass x conmeckd 40 another bled B of mass 10. log by a ab Sing ovor_a_Fickonless as shown tnthatie, Deotnbne tHe eaten amass a — Fre bode Cemmeded to the will by ashing cd) which —¢must_be.placed overr_}he blade A fo beep 2k from _alidimg . Fale coefficient of fiction _behueen all conlack ‘one be 10.25: Piso delerntne the Jonson ton the hing cb. | Stutions. Ps block. A mmeves tywands dhe apht, the fretfonal ef on oo ni on both of ie faces. Honea! te Bor fore Lats ne ol be epee tredSor Se. dowards[Sifg @ ana. = 19S N We = 02S aS, 86,084 N _N, = 23s N ome —— HAD of C - ae =, 3 cos 80" oo Ft. 048 ttn) Mune, emass of blode @ Come) = We , 148-042 : _ - 4 4 ae z6. ANALYSIS OF BEAMS & FRAMES G1 Dakedudion to mumber of reactions rustiber of Sakic equlibrim 1 C= Special cordiions .Cno-) equalion . “ler fame i &xkeonal sake imdekemnfnacy (Tee) = T° (84) _ _- Snkernedl nbic_indekemtnacy Cig) = 3x4Mal number of cl gsed loops.Delermine aki fndelerminady. for stain & frames z a Ar Wr Dr \ Here, " zi —f_ FR va So, Te = Tee + Isr y-(34e) +0 c Hert, 4r=8 6 =0 Number of deced Joope = 0 ‘ So, Ty = Teg + Tee A Ss Se st FT % = 4- (ate) +0 = 3-(340) 49 oO [dyHere, v9 cr2 No. of closed Joape = 4 So, Ts = Tse + Ist = w-C3te) + 3x-n0. fdased Jobs. = = 9-(342) + 3x4 _ z A419 evil AR ® Knomabe Srdelerntinacy Gnemabic Indelerminaty CT) de tre total mumbor of. tenknown an displacement j-e. tohal degree of freedom Sn the shuckne Wr, ella el 20 ond her hamslole cse8t Xeanls. £2 DOF ~ 2. binge, St is free Jo vitale aboul Z-oxte fe. DOF = 1 fived suppork, DoF = 0. =f beam the suena at the _ roe oF | ij | | oa © fer frame, Ik = Qj-r TE members ove erlentiole = 35 -Cr+m) If amombers ant Amoxfensible 7 total muvmber of fovrels ‘7 > 18a) umber f reactions deneloped m> Mal nwmber of anembers, | Delyemina degree af kinematic indelemfinacy for folowing | “peas and frarmes. ) DKT = COPhinge * DOP ee + OOP per Ca es 4 +ata ie = ¢ SP we sonsider the beam as ant stig enough, DKT reduces to S Cie. pamslalion anfion of bath ralers innafeckd) Ik = S¥9 > 6 = ad fy = 3} -(r+m) Gj? = 9x9- (6+40) Members are. oxtmsible . aul. i Members, ane tnerdensible6.5 £66 CAMLATION OF ANEAL FoRCE, SHEAR Farce & BENDING MOMENT POR DETERMINATE BEAMS & FRAMES & DRAWING THEIR DIAGRAMS oS pola) Rrrce CAF) ~ = ts dhe algebraic sum of all forces acting paaulel to the Jendihidin oats _om_ather ade of the bear aia Jemiide anta) force Ls pocdive while compreiive avtia) force. a megolive.. ———— — tensile Give) Compreseive C-ve) = Shean Porte CSF). =D Gs the adgebrafe. une of al! frces a _—— _|}o Yhe bean ze etther side_of the secKon of bs A cas = a RV EEE == A Lest Fig G) Fig tH) & Mester? _ Suppoke we are doing calculation ab seckon A-A, - TE upyjord neo Ls” uncounlered a} Jeff Aide, i Ge +ve. 4 deconwamd shear 2s encoumlored ab yh Bde, it te Ave. _# ok (8M). algebritc ae esmratals Hea forces a) a secfion A C oa oy i ern a :+ + Suppose we are dain calaalion ab section’ A-A, - Th dadeuhse moment ab left side de emcounbored, St ie 4ve 4G anbidodutkee moment al righ side is encumbered, Gb 44 Ave. oR, y Lagging mmomnemls ave. emcqunlered, Lb le tve. Sher Force Diagram ard Vps bo dew SPD ~ Shear Rinee Diagram (SF) is a graphical veprosembalion of Phe reas vomiation of sheur force ab eneny paint along the J of beam or a member. - Receding bo ome SPO is a plained inc Ahe paint Cup or dou) by iD nag Upp “ih diredion F Gf the frce is JOKN doanuaed tm Shh side, pains 4s pushed JO KN downward from Us anigine position . &q. He "ips to daw SPD ~ Proper sign corwemlion shold be followed . - Shear al gupbort = readin ab support. - Since the onbire beam Le dn equitibtium, the algebr ‘Burn bear anust be xe. . = ne + ee We MgSO = 20%4. Nex = Pex Lat [Ng os. tom 4 Saat | Agr Pee { | 1 20 : L | L : a) [- ee Fe ©) : / i 4| Drawtog = SPD amd BMD. 20 kN _|isiweilany, bebsoce Card Bm. pti Taxi SPak | ADEN. — Rekneen Aamd Cc, there Ls mo h ene) mer CW) = |S: 98} behneem A amd C is aaah. JAE C, 20KN Y) pushes 20KN in Ldeimurend direchion om. So, _meur ition = 4a - 20 = - BEN. fires. Constand “gp AFB, 8 EN (Y pues 8 BEN tan Apwoond direction canis SP ab Be ¢Noket- Paint load EEN TEI SF left and aight Caleulale we a Rink moment 9H SIT BM left and ah calle wah /, | Sopencton Bi emp. ar earnest St Le fv. a Py die. 2 _ _ _ _ - es ; J = Pprea_of sheaw diag = _trrea_of shear belweon Dando | i as ae RA —C JevgH x breaddts ) Lett E48 KN eeptin. 26 = Prea_of hear, behueem Damd 2 = rea of hear behween hamd C+ Prem of = _ Shear between C and 1B_ (= AD xJo — 20%6 = 0 knlm. Sree: ey. andar numeteal AAR FOG Pay, 3 ao _HOKN. ROR Ray Cae SF@-A “Ia EN EN & Le 2 oda Aaa oi Fe eqs (Sh), 20 & Gh)p ; eget al sim gfae_snie Gi o2H8 Tat eft ‘tit se log aa By 574 QO keg oth SE| Cxglamakon. Whol& SkN/me _ Salty ap lead forte eee [Diskensihy of lend for tow = S¥80___ = oO EN. SER at —Na_= ABKN (1),-So, SPah Aso Mow, UDL = SKNJ-m CY) aneans Jes we mover tom from left e ighk 3 we emeve 40m, UD pushes _ ae, [2740 = SO KN doumuarde. 2S KEN upioard, COMO ZeBAD. 625k & Top. Expression. T fused a_aalul_cign—eannvembivn_ | fer his the mba ct fe = A} dlscussed below. Naa, fer srelue | +— | calulabe crea SPD. _ To at = reo of 20 bebo” aM. ae =| x ASKS = 89S EN oe ee \ bs sees 2 =: | iat = ee a Se eda ae aad - = oa . ae tooky" M aaad - a - ~ |= J e2sxs + (- Ly2e%o) | ——} “Clipse Rule” NS 20 KNwa , ting Je ase Hah “convwnlion? i “| = Alnstof al, yeu reust” be cure Sal the dia isa curve. ~ then, for. et Jade ad dead diagram. aif = for @MB, Josk at SP. 7 Lead_puisating aputond Le tve nd potting downword Je -ve — a -. dive SP fe bye. cs PP cen! aah Negative SP is cve. a : a la ee Nie steel i Fae: Brin Jack ab _sFD. Ade M, sf je n_ qosibye ——terd_decreasing. i.e. 4. So, cue is (7 type. Tem Me. 8, SPD te PRB ean Jocveasing et | So, cwrverig feel,dead __dislawee $ 0G. Gre a PD Vy x 5 — (5% 5) x (S) —_ c SASK = Oxe xa _ = 62,5 RNs Step this hakih Sf you abamb do _aue " Ellzpee Rule.” [mua alte a Ee | image 4. the sis setae = ee ur about the lorgitidyral {= ory Is Beary is ablined. a 20kKNW telat, eat a tie 7 ——Jeerte beam maths xa isthe ancwer, 4 — amd _enenp) that 9 moewdimed above —— $f -ve_ohomerd ic drawn aleve _arie of bea, zi Oe lglg Se Book; “ Eblipse Rive. oFYow be Draw Cltipe® Palle S a i slop AA _ Re dacnahix. | | ae stati _Doherwine pare 245 X2 + 400%40 sa¢.765 Kn (1) I 45 + 100 _fp fhe. Joad Explanation i= klhile _dofng 2M = 0, Always waite eckurtse cenomenhs in _mne_side_amd ambi-clockwtse Imaornemls im other sides. [Simikuly, while ding BV = 0, [le ay forees Jun_one _|side_amd downward jm other side. = sFD Since VW, = ABTS EN), go down 35.75 KN. I a! New, UVL pushes dowrniaared oy he amounl equa) to its area. So, Shy = -13-75 - 15 = — 28.75kN. N. sh, _|But, Joad diagram as inclimed. So, SED musk be cure. To find the lmalure of cume Cie. concare upwwore t ‘i ordownward), ise’ Ellipse Rule’ Aowsuard dirs ~ve. | Ds we move. from Jet fe righ iF inceras Soe don" Elise Rule ast So, curve becomes. States_ |. forces. between Band C. |New a Cc, Ve [andl SP, Ime fr bee o_O aad - ge down ets 4 \ z| pee) BHD Gs. ecined Jitne« Saone fore behowe E Sinwe jn SPD, B amd. | fe ek i { see [= BMD Eo & _sheigh Une bebe Band C. 128.75 «nN G) pushes upwards by 28-46 7 TAeTS tag.ts = +400 KN. ‘Mass; Again pu, — ae fi Fal | et Vere, calwadion ofan area. ca of curve is a : [Hedious: So, calatlake by usual amethad - ABFE YS — ADK 4x3 er S625 it 25 kn). “I fapradie 3, — = Fron i tipee ale, he. nahure 0). ee - = > Pyrea? lochoeen Cand D, a hectearl “chy—— 4 se) Calealabing. Prreo of Cue fe a =i a eS | sarin estion aif be ee ee ae Si ge of ee = NRISRS + bg AB 3 BMp = 56.05 kth, 6 F ENC | 80, shy 63 2s belo” Rad C: So, horizontal z.ke. oomdant SP. 20KR s DOKN dowlands eer “MOxE + Jax sone _| $f, = - 26.69 - 42 = 190.6 RNC. _|Ne forces hehwem Dand B. tii.aN= 0 $e, Ay + Vg = 20449 + 160 ‘ AR =~ SOT EN eo MA = 667 KEN (CL) 160 x %, tensant SF. Vp > 198-6H1 pushes | prards by 498.6% KN. So, Sh= 38-67 + 198-67 = 160 KN Now, UDLs of 20 kni/vm (1), [As we rove Som harm left terighl ih pushes 90 KN downwards ths we reve. Bre fown left Jo nigh! ib pushes 208 = 460 KN doumurarda So, $f; = 460-160 = 0 BMD. Rist colardake amd-omar the values and mark She pots. BM, = Area of FD bekoeem Aande = 662 X6 =-40 kN. BM) = -40 -@e.63x%8) = ave BMp = - 253.36 -(33.63 40) = 640 E Nam, 8Me = eoncay tx 160 x2 Ad of SEP bebe Bande =O Kran, |, Since ion SFD, BhawdC, Cand D, Dard |B ave conmecled by horizontal} pl, BMP becomes inclined ius. Bub Bard E ane comnmeded by inclined diva dn SFI. So, Gd WU be a cunt _[dv BMD amd ase "Ellice Rule" fied mahure of curve - Famd 4.50, 7 .il Bk v0 £ >| Benim fe) br 750 = I a | sh = y= BBEN- Shy = T:5-202 -12.5 IeN. Sh = -D.s4 18 = 25 EN seein tp (3%) = 25-25 = -5 ©N (Shp = “8 +My tS 4520 =m, = 0 Na 9 + 15%4.5 = 20r34t5x%] 5 gyD. vp BKNID = Ev =a = NA tVgti5 = 2047.5 35 Na = 7-5 KN Ct) & ee emp Coleuleding position of sniend feakure .» en Axssfen Exphcalion, u | oh Since, AQ, = L4KN (1), SP, = $4 eM. ar 2 | VDL pushes “KN downwards per ameter. Aw aim, am je Un am, UDL pushes 494 +56 EN doum wands - “Sho = M416 = -2eN ne / anh No frees, behucem C&D. s0, honzental I | st Aime joins ¢ At). Bent (2) pushes 2IN doumwands An = | oe SP) = 2-8 = -s0 a “| Sgnin, jain Damd 8 og hovizmbal_ st. EM, 20 aly , Ne, 7 sOKN puba Net? = Seta JON apuiarrde - - Na = fon (1). «Sf = -40 440 = 0 Sivaideal : ? BMD BVv20 ust Sivan Hh: ing properly amples. Ny tps 1648 rane oS Ny = da kN (1) aa) a | =z, = 3m S4 “Drea aplo P= ) x lax ad [= tyes ape P= dx 2 > 6 2 o 2 a 4S kN SBM, = 24.5 Nm sp BM, = PAS Ly BROT = D4 ieMm, bas a 0 | BM, = 24- 2x2 = 20 ¥Nw, ® BMy = £0 — lor? = 0 KNew, Frew a te 6, ED has inclined Line. Se, BMD Brew Rie c hos curve,ee -- kyvame -- Gramme ia a combined bean “ely as bea = Goch enemboens of fre 14 solved benarorely setts - by hanslenring readimns, mements ab Phe jefnie Le avn, (aad i. 9 sem — fT a = igi) Melding rmembor B® rutth Jeft had amd anembor od uth ight hand dy te chelch Phe frame apart as in fe “G) _— a =P de fy CV), Jhe Game in aftved at _bhree aifferenh beans “AB, BC, CD previded Hnab reachorus amd pmerwnenly ab fehuls pul be hamsferd») sae Soy hors sare sat = a 5 7. peind 2 deve is hinged vautonert. So, both hecizenlal amd vertca) reacliens are developed. So, Vq ard Ya are developed Bb point D, Here ts oroller -ouppn! So, erly vertical force I devdeped he am a >, New, calculation of resis, BM, 2 0 _ an fans.5 +3079 = Sox! + Wyxe - My = sown (1) aN 20 _ Ny + 0% 20 _ Vv. lam = gen (|, : 7 HEYW eo. | _ _ “My t+ 12 = 10 Now, Starting from emember AB ~ % [So emember DB, caluladed readions Hy and 15, are applied in orgie correct chinecHem . New, owr aim is to frst, drew SPD radia and BMD. “ —\ uputarde, Bekoewo A avd, Ht vere_arce_mne forces. Se, go - a. line algal te She _rmemnber PxB. Bt YY 19 N! pushes anmrde Q-419 =-1O%EN, Sp SP gt w= 10 KN. x and 8. cons’ Now, ow anata | objec is 4o_balamco he _omennlen.” To _balamce the emembon = fier Ye srcibead ee Zen, Wwe meed 10EN fore is deft chivechion - $0, odd __ ee Spelled as un” Fume. _ fer_balancing » the _rmembber com odd feces gt die ae caso, 40+ 9 Ferm Aoht side —— ballamces fom Jeft cide. oo, 10 KW should be added. BkN Sam be aed at B tn dmonward dlinebion “to laalvnce. > amp. “ _- Goluole ovrea — Meimeat at. -Dwea a SED chat Bnd A Drea _ _ SED -behoewn s AXIS — 10% 4, St 42 uNMembe SVE. pen o> BMD —__ Crizental, verkcal aS wellar om AD KNowo somadsom add * “ pecitive (he (ire. aleemubse).Auwvdad: ab Bak den pet Wes —_,% 8b 3, Jramser vreadtions and nnements | . fen. dink 5 of prexiews Aeemniber AB e divedion becomts opposite. te oo SPD amd BMP and balance She _emnennber BYC. _ © sep ~ ble drauiing SED, we coreluide that iim upward Aivection should oe_added ah ttc. [See fg (ow). — Aer. drawing. BMD, we omdude thak Ave 2omlm mamenh ie. cleckuutse should “be added &% pot C of member BYC __ Rexchecke_ if Yhe leawa is in equibr- Lun ox nekfrorn even) omg le. ne [1h eureakutakions ame conrect, ae ul ai ED Yhis case) should Sp ental. _divedson AD) = C Ralweed), eyee P . 2M, = 0 fn l0%8)x(242a = vo s i act" a a citivn 2 7 x 5 NH STRN ae 3G Ga Ge) fedives ave Jo draws SED, BMD are alon to balance > each Sndiviliid memloens : eh ANG he to balamce a anemberr by Svmply Joking ob St, add 2TKNCLY ___ them _we cam” do St. Eg Sm abeve case Sf we at 8, the _cnenmber ir Ren Beeilcal inkeKon Alen, 20 KN) ot B balamces pnember AB. Gul if Sb becomes difficuld Jo_balance by eye estimation, net draur_ 6.) and BMD. fhen Ihe anemmber balunces ( fret draws sFD. After drueing lich means we hance do balamce Me omember. es Similarly, Gti ak 8 = -40kNyn which means “0 kNm (2) __emarmemt ahowd be added ab ® tn balance Yhe_anembow: __ Venee, SU's pur choice whether to fret draw BM, Pend —___balamce She cmember Jaber on or fret tralunce the ~__amermber _and_drour sf, BM. Rub, T prefer ask drawing BM, SP amd __loalancing the pmemnber later on as” dn Fouve above. 9 . addingPai) 8 te Ihe common potnl fe, pomeranian AR awd Bp. S. en ey aomnems aheuddl be. Warley ak ped laa ms “Ellipse. Rue’. Sf, =e RNG So, 22 kN) shruld be appliod Je 7] balance rrmormbotre BCD eerrHcally Drow BMD. -40 knw te Anibal) moment ot 8. Shon BMak D= 410 KN So, 0 KN) shewld | be added Jo balamee emembar __BeD- ek Finally 20K) ak 1D Ghowld je to balamce cerns