Title: Definite Integration

Chapter: Definite Integration

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Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)

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Property (8) If (x)  f(x)   (x) for a  x  b, then

b b b

 (x) dx 
a
 f(x) dx 
a
 (x) dx
a

b
Property (9) If m  f(x)  M for a  x  b, then m (b – a)   f(x) dx  M (b – a)
a

b
Further if f(x) is monotonically decreasing in (a, b), then f(b) (b – a) <  f(x)
a
dx < f(a) (b – a) and if f(x) is

b
monotonically increasing in (a, b), then f(a) (b – a) <  f(x) dx < f(b) (b – a)
a

b b
Property (10)  f(x)
a
dx   f(x) dx
a

b
Property (11) If f(x)  0 on [a, b], then  f(x)
a
dx  0

1 1 1
Example # 23 : For x  (0, 1) arrange f1(x) = , f2(x) = and f3(x) = in ascending order
9 – x2 9 – 2x 2 9 − x2 − x3
1
1 1 1
and hence prove that
6
n2 < 9−x
0
2
−x 3
dx <
6 2
n5

Solution :  0 < x3 < x2 , for all x  (0,1)  x2 < x2 + x3 < 2x2

 –2x2 < – x2 – x3 < –x2  9 – 2x2 < 9 –x2 – x3 < 9 – x2

1 1 1
  
9–x 2
9–x –x
2 3
9 – 2x 2
f1(x) < f3(x) < f2(x) for x  (0, 1)
1 1 1
  f (x)
0
1 dx <  f (x)
0
3 dx <  f (x) dx
0
2

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 1 1 1
dx dx dx
 0 9 – x2  0 9 – x2 – x3  0 9 – 2x2
1 1
1 3 + x  1
dx 1  3 + 2x 
  n  <
6  3 – x 0 0 9 – x2 – x3 < 6 2  n 3 – 2x 0
1
1 1 1
 n2 <  dx < n5
6 0 9 − x 2
− x 3
6 2

 5–x 
2
6
Example # 24 : Prove that 1 <   2 
dx 
0 9– x 
5

5–x
Solution : Let f(x) =
9 – x2
(x – 9)(x – 1)
 f(x) = –  f(x) = 0 or not defined  x = 1
(9 – x 2 )2

1
Then f(0) = 5/9, f(1) = , f(2) = 3/5 The greatest and least values of the integrand in the
2
1
interval [0,2] are respectively , equal to f(2) = 3/5 and f(1) =
2
 5–x   5–x 
2 2
1 6
(2– 0)
2
< 0  9 – x2  dx < (2 – 0) 3/5 Hence 1 < 
0
 2 
9– x 
dx 
5

e
x2
Example # 25 : Estimate the value of dx using (i) rectangle, (ii) triangle.
0

Solution : (i) By using rectangle

1

e
x2
Area OAED < dx < Area OABC
0

e
x2
1< dx < 1 . e
0

e
x2
1< dx < e
0

(ii) By using triangle

1

e
x2
Area OAED < dx < Area OAED + Area of triangle DEB
0

e +1
1 1
1
 e dx < 1 + e
2
x2
1< x
.1.(e – 1) 1< dx <
0
2 0
2

1 1

 e dx by using  e dx .
2
x x
Example # 26 : Estimate the value of
0 0

2
Solution : For x  (0, 1), e x < ex
1 1
  e dx <  e dx
2
x x
1×1<
0 0

e
x2
1< dx < e – 1
0

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Self practice problems :
1 1

 e cos x dx < e
−x 2 − x2
(33) Prove the following : cos2 x dx
0 0

 
2 2

 sin  sin
n +1 2
(34) Prove the following : 0 < x dx < x dx , n > 1
0 0

1 1
−
(35) Prove the following : e e
<  x x dx  1
0

1
1 x 3 cos x 1
(36) Prove the following : –
2
 0 2 + x2 dx < 2

2

(37) Prove the following : 1 < 
0
sin x dx <
2
/3
4 tan x 3 3
(38) Prove the following :

<
/ 4
 x
dx <


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 EXERCISE – I
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Prove the following inequalities : –
/3
3 sin x 2
(i)
8
< 
/ 4
x
dx <
6
3
(ii) 4  
1
(3 + x3 ) dx  2 30

2. Show that
1
1 x9 1
(i)
10 2
 
0
1+ x
dx 
10

1
1 tan x 
(ii)
2
n2 
0
1+ x 2
dx 
2 

2
3. (i) Show that  sin x.cos
0
x dx = 2sinc.cos c for some c(0, 2)

4
f(x) is a continuous function x  R, then show that
 f(x)dx = 2f( ) some   (1, 2)
2
(ii)
1

PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

3
1. Let  = 
1
x 4 + x 2 dx, then

(A)  > 6 10 (B)  < 2 2

(C) 2 2   < 6 10 (D)  < 1

2

e
sin2 x + sin x +1
2. = dx, then
0

(A) e3 <  < 2e5 (B) 2e3/4 <  < 2e3
(C) 2e3 <  < 2e4 (D) 0 <  < 2

3. Let f "(x)    f '(x)   f(0) = 3 & f(x) is defined in [–2, 2]. If f(x) is non-negative, then
0 2
(A) 
−1
f(x)dx  6 (B)  f(x)dx  12
−2

2 1
(C)
−2
 f(x)dx  12 (D)  f(x)dx  12
−1

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 1 1
4. Let mean value of f(x) = over interval (0, 2) is n3 then positive value of c is
x+c 2

1
(A) 1 (B)
2
3
(C) 2 (D)
2

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 ANSWER KEY
PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (A)

SOLUTION
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
/3
sin x 3 sin x 2
1. (i)  is monotonic decreasing  <  dx 
x 8 / 4
x 6
(ii) Let f(x) = 3 + x3
3x 2
f(x) = > 0  x  (1, 3)
2 3 + x3
 f is strictly increasing in (1, 3)   m = least value = f(1) = 3 + 1 = 2
b
M = greatest value = f(3) = 30  m(b – a)   f(x)
a
dx  M(b – a)
3 3
 2(2)  
1
3 + x3 dx  30  2  4   3 + x3
1
dx  2 30

x9 x9
2. (i)   x9  x  [0, 1 ]
2 1+ x
1 1 1 1
x9 x9 1 x9 1


0
2
dx < 
0
1+ x 
dx  x9 dx 
0
10 2
 
0
1+ x
dx 
10
(ii) x < tan x < tan 1 < 2  x (0, 1)
1 1 1
1 tan x dx 1 tan x 

2
n2 
0
1+ x 2dx  2
0
1 + x2  
2
n2 
0

1+ x 2
dx 
2

b
3. (i) By mean value theorem for a cont. function  f(x)dx
a
= f(c)(b – a) for some c  (a, b)

2
Hence  sin x cos
0
xdx = sinc cos c (2 – 0) for some c  (0, 2).

4 2
=  =
 f(t ).2tdt = 2f(2)(2 – 1) for some   (1, 2)
2
(ii) f(x)dx , let x = t2 ;
1 1

PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

1. Note that 2  x 4 + x2  3 10 <  x  (1, 3)
3
Hence 2 2 < 1
x 4 + x3 dx  6 10

3 
2. sin2x + sinx + 1   , 3  x  [0, 2]
4 
Hence 2e3/4 <  < 2e3.

2
1
3.  f(x)dx  2  ( AB + CD)  4
−2
= 2(AB + CD) = 2(2OP) = 12
& equality holds if f(x) is a linear function.

1 2
1 1 1 1 2+c
 x + c dx
2
4. = n3  n ln(x + c) 0 = n3  = n3  |2 + c| = 3|c|
2–0 0
2 2 2 c

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