Title: Definite Integration

Chapter: Definite Integration

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Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)

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Newton-Leibnitz formula.
b
d
Let
dx
(F(x)) = f(x)  x  (a, b). Then  f(x)
a
dx = lim− F(x) – lim+ F(x).
x →b x →a

b
Note : 1. If a > b, then  f(x) dx = lim F(x) – lim F(x).
x →b+ x →a−
a

2. If F(x) is continuous at a and b, then = F(b) – F(a)

2
dx
Example # 1 : Evaluate 
1
(x + 1)(x + 2)
1 1 1
Solution :  = – (by partial fractions)
(x + 1)(x + 2) x +1 x+2
9
2
dx
  n(x + 1) − n(x + 2)1 = n3 – n4 – n2 + n3 =
2
= n  
1
(x + 1)(x + 2) 8

Self practice problems :

Evaluate the following

 
2 2 4 3

 ( 2sec )
5x x
 x + x 3 + 2 dx (3) 
2
(1) dx (2) dx
1 x + 4x + 3
2
0 0
1 + sec x
5  5 3 4  2   2 
Ans. (1) 5 – 9 n 4 − n 2  (2) + +2 (3) – + 2 n  
2   1024 2 18 3 3  3

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 Exercise I
1. Evaluate :
x2 − 4 x
1 3 1

  x cos(tan
−1
(i) dx (ii) x)dx
0 x 0

2. Evaluate:
  4
dx dx x2
(i) − x2 + 2x + 2 (ii) x x2 − 1
(iii) 0 1+ x dx
2
/ 2
(iv) 
0
cos  sin3  d

3. Evaluate :
1 2 1
n x
(i)  sin−1 x dx (ii)  dx (iii)  x2 sin−1 x dx .
0 1 x2 0

4. Evaluate
/3
 
(i)  f(x) dx where f(x) = Minimum {tanx, cot x}  x   0,
0
2 
1
(ii) 
−1
f(x) dx where f(x) = min {x + 1, 1− x}

1
(iii)  f(x)
−1
dx where f(x) = minimum (|x| , 1 – |x|, 1/4)

5. Evaluate
−1  2x  x tan−1 x
1 1
(i) 0 sin  1+ x2  dx (ii)  (1 + x
0
2 3/2
)
dx

 2x 
b 3

  tan
−1
(iii) (x − a)(b − x) dx, a > b (iv)  2 
dx
a 0  1− x 

6. Evaluate:
 1 / 2
dx x sin xcos x
(i) e
0
x
+ e− x
(ii)  1+
0 x
dx (iii) 
0 cos x + 3cos x + 2
2
dx
/ 2 / 4
sin2 d sin x + cos x
(iv) 
0 sin4  + cos4 
(v) 
0
9 + 16 sin2x
dx

a
1
e dx = n 3
7. (i) Find the value of a such that 2.
0
x
+ 4e− x + 5
Ans. n 11
(  / 2)1/ 3

(ii) Find the value of 

0
x5 . sin x3 dx

1
Ans.
3


x
dt
8. If | t |
1 t −1
2
=
6
, then x can be equal to:

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 2 4
(A) (B) 3 (C) 2 (D)
3 3

1
dx 
9. The value of the integral x
0
2
+ 2x cos  + 1
, where 0 <  < , is equal to:
2
 
(A) sin  (B)  sin  (C) (D) sin 
2 sin  2

 x x 1 2
10. If f(x) = 
x − 1 x  1
, then 
0
x2 f(x) dx is equal to :

4 5 5
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)
3 3 2

1
11. If f(0) = 1, f(2) = 3, f(2) = 5 and f(0) is finite, then  x . f  (2x) dx is equal to
0

(A) zero (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3


12. 
0
1 + 2cos x dx is equal to :

2 
(A) (B)  (C) 2 (D) +2 3
3 3

3
13. The value of  (| x − 2 | +[x]) dx is ([x] stands for greatest integer less than or equal to x)
−1
(A) 7 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 3

14. 
0
[2e− x ] dx , where [ . ] denotes the greatest integer function, is equal to :

(A) 0 (B) n 2 (C) e2 (D) 2e–1

n
ex
15.  2 
dx is equal to
n− n2 1 − cos  e x 
3 
1 1
(A) 3 (B) – 3 (C) (D) –
3 3

e2 2
dx ex
16. If 1= 
e
n x
and 2 = 1 x dx, then
(A) 1 = 2 (B) 2 1 = 2 (C) 1 = 2 2 (D) 1 + 2 = 0

/ 4
x . sin x
17. 
0 cos3 x
dx equals to :

 1  1  
(A) + (B) − (C) (D) +1
4 2 4 2 4 4

9
4
18. The value of the definite integral  
3
2x − 5(4x − 5) + 2x + 5(4x − 5)  dx is equal to

2

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 2 2 4 3 5
(A) 4 5 − (B) 4 5 (C) 4 3 − (D)
5 3 8


x
dx
19. If 
n2 e −1
x
=
6
, then x is equal to

(A) 4 (B) n 8 (C) n 4 (D) n 2


x2 + 1
20. x
0
4
+ 7x 2 + 1
dx =

  
(A)  (B) (C) (D)
2 3 6

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 Answer Key
10
1. (i) − (ii) 2 −1
21
 8
2. (i)  (ii) (iii) 4 + n 5 (iv)
4 21
−2 1 e  2
3. (i) (ii) n 2 (iii) –
2 2   6 9
3
4. (i) n ( 3 ) (ii) 7/6 (iii)
8
 4−   1 
5. (i) – n 2 (ii) (iii) – (b – a)2 (iv)   1 −  – n 4
2 4 2 8  3
 5 9  1
6. (i) (ii) − 2 n2 (iii) n   (iv) (v) n 3
4 3 8   2 20
1
7.
3
8. A 9. C 10. C 11. C 12. D
13. A 14. B 15. A 16. A 17. B
18. D 19. C 20. C

Solution
 2 1 1 1 1
 1

 (x )
– –
1. (i)  =  x 3 2
–x 4 2
 dx =
1/ 6
– x –1/ 4 dx
0  0
1 1
1 x
(ii) cos(tan–1x) =
1 + x2
, Hence integral is 
0 1 + x2
dx = 1 + x2
0
= 2 −1


dx    
2. (i)  =
−
 (x + 1) 2
+1
= tan−1(x + 1)
−
= − −
2  2 
=
/ 2
sec  tan  d   
(ii) x = sec  dx = sec tan d   = 
/ 4
sec  . tan 
dx = – =
2 4 4
4
x 2 + 1– 1
4 4 4
 x2 
dx =  – x  +  n (1 + x)0
1
=   (x – 1) dx + 
4
(iii) dx =
0
1+ x 0 0
1+ x 2 0
= 4 + n5
(iv) Let cos  = t
– sin  d = dt
0
0
 t3 / 2 t7 / 2 
=–  1
t(1 − t 2 ) . dt ; =–  −
 3 / 2 7 / 2 1


 2 2  −14 + 6  8
 = – − +  = –  ; =+

3 7   21  21

1
1
 x dx  −2
3. (i) =  1.sin
−1
x dx  =  x sin−1 x −   =
0  1− x  0
2 2
2
log x
(ii) = 
1 x2
dx

By parts log x → 
1
→ 
x2

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 1 e
On solving   = n
2 2
1
x2
1
sin–1 x  x3  1 1
x3 1
(iii) =  dx   =  sin–1 x  –  dx = 1 – 2
0
   3 0 3 0 1− x 2 3
2 Let 1 – x2 = t2  – 2x dx = 2t dx
1
1
 t3  2   2
 x dx = – t dt  2 =  (1 − t 2 ) dt =  t –  = & 1 =  = –
0  3 0 3 6 6 9

/3 / 4 /3
4. (i) I=  f(x) dx =  tan x dx +  cot x dx = n ( 3)
0 0 / 4

 x +1 −1  x  0
(ii) f(x) = min  x + 1, 1− x  = 
 1− x 0  x 1

1
0 1

  f(x) dx =   (x + 1) dx +  1 − x dx 
−1  −1 0 
 x 2 
0
2
1  1  2   1 2 7
=  + x  − (1 − x)3 / 2  = 0 −  2 − 1 − 3 (0 − 1) =  2 + 3  = 6
 2  3 0      
 −1 

1 1
 1/ 4 3/4
1
1

(iii)  f(x) dx = 2  f(x) dx = 2   x dx + 1/ 4 4 dx + 3/ 4 (1 − x) dx 
−1 0  0 

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3
=2    +  +    =
2 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 8

 =  sin–1 
2x 
1
5. (i)  dx
0 1 + x2  
Let x = tan  dx = sec2 d
/ 4 / 4

d = 2  tan 0 d = 2   – 2  n sec 0
/ 4 / 4
 =  2
0
sec 2  – 2  tan 
0 4
 
= –2 n 2 = – n2
2 2

dx
(ii) Let tan–1 x = t  = dt
1 + x2
/ 4 / 4
t tan t · dt  1 4–
  = 
0 1 + tan t 2
= 
0
t · sint dt = −
4 2
+
2
=
4 2

b
(iii) = 
a
(x − a)(b − x) dx

put x = a sin2 + b cos2

/ 2 /2 2
 sin2 
=2  −(b − a)2 sin2  cos2  d ;  = – 2 (b – a)2 
0
 2 
 
d
0

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 / 2 /2
(b − a)2  1 − cos 4  (b − a)2  sin 4  (b − a)2 
=–
2 
0

 2  d ;

=–
4 

−
4  0
=–
8

 2x 
3
(iv) =
0

tan−1  2 
 1− x 
dx

   2 
put x = tan    0,  , 2   0,
 3   3 
/3 / 4 /3
=
0
 tan−1(tan2) sec 2 d = 
0
2 sec 2  d +  (2 − )
/ 4
sec 2  d
/3 /3
 2 
( tan ) / 4
/3
= 
0
2 sec 2  d –   sec 2  d = 
/ 4  3
− n4  – 

 1 
 =  1 −  – n 4. Ans.
 3

 
dx ex
6. (i) 0 ex + e− x = e
0
2x
+1
dx

dt    
ex = t  ex dx = dt  = t
1
2
+1
= tan−1 t  = − =
1 2 4 4
x – 1+ 1 ( x – 1) ( x + 1)
1 1 1
dx
(ii) =  1+
0 x
dx = 
0 (1 + x )
dx +  1+
0 x
1
Let 1 + x =t dx = dt  dx = 2(t – 1) dt
2 x
2
t −1 1 1  11  5
 1 = 2 
1
t
dt = – + 1 = 2 –
3
2n2 – =  – 2 n2  = − 2 n2 . Ans.
3 3  3

/ 2
sin x cos x
(iii) =  0 cos x + 3cos x + 2
2

0 1
t(–dt) t dt
cosx = t  – sinx dx = dt  =  =
1 t 2
+ 3t + 2 0
(t + 1)(t + 2)
(t + 1) dt
1 1
dt
= 0 (t + 1)(t + 2) – 0 (t + 1)(t + 2)
1
= 2  n(t + 2)0 – = 2 n3 − n2 − [ n2] = 2 n3 − 3 n2 = n
dt 9
 t +1
1

0
8

/2 /2
2sin  cos  2tan  sec 2 
(iv) =  0
sin4  + cos4 
d = 
0
tan4  + 1
d


2t dt
Let tan = t  sec2 d = dt  t
0
4
+1

du 
Let t2 = u  2tdt = du  u
0
2
+1
=
2
 
/ 4 /4 sin  x + 
sin x + cos x  4
(v) = 
0
9 + 16 sin2x
dx = 2 
0
9 + 16 sin2x
a a / 4
cos x
using  f(x)dx =  f(a − x)dx   = 2  dx
0 0 0
9 + 16cos2x

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 / 4 1/ 2
cos x dx 2 dt
 = 2 
0 9 + 16(1 − 2sin2 x)
=
32 
0
25 2
–t
32
1/ 2
 5 
+t 
2 1  32 1
=  n  = n3
32 10  5
– t 
20

 32 0
a
ex
7. (i) = e
0
2x
+ 5ex + 4
dx Let ex = t  exdx = dt

ea ea
dt
1 t +1
So, = 1
=
t + 5t + 4 3
2
n
t+4 1

1
  e +1 
a
2
 1 ea + 1 4
Hence  =  n  a  − n  = n2  a =  ea = 11
 e +4
3 5
 3 e +4 5
a = n 11

(ii) Let x3 = t  3x2 dx = dt

/2
t
= 
0
3
sin t dt = 0

Now apply by parts for solution

/2 / 2
 t  1 1
I =  − cos t 
 3  0
+
3  cost
0
dt =
3

x
dx      2
 |t|
x
8. =  sec −1 t  = = sec–1x – sec–11 = = sec–1x =  x = sec–1 =
t2 – 1 6 1 6 6 6 6 3
1

1
1  −1  x + cos    
1 1
dx dx
9. = 0 x2 + 2x cos  + sin2  + cos2  = 0 (x + cos )2 + sin2  = sin  tan  sin  0 = 2 sin 
1 2
2 1 2
 x 4   x 4 x3 
0 x f(x) dx = 0 x dx + 1 (x – x ) dx   + – 
2 3 3 2
10. =
 4 0  4 3 1
1  8  1 1  8 1 1 5
= + 4 – –  –  = 4 – + = 4– =
4  3  4 3  3 3 3 3

 x f (2x) f(2x)  f (2)

1 1
x (2x) f(2) f(0) 5 3 1
11.  =  f  dx =  − = – + = − + =2
0
   2 4  0 2 4 4 2 4 4

 2 / 3 
12.  | 1 + 2cos x | dx =
0
0
(1 + 2cos x)dx − 
2 / 3
(1 + 2cos x)dx

2  3   2 3   2  
= +2 .   –   –  +2 .  = – + 3 + 3 = +2 3
 2  
3  2    3 3 3 3

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 3 0 1 2 3
13.  | x − 2 | + [x] dx =
–1
 (2 − x – 1) dx +  (2 − x) dx +  (2 − x) + 1 dx +  (x − 2 + 2) dx
–1 0 1 2
0 1 2 3

x   x   2
x  x   1  2
1   1  9
2 2
= x –  + 2x –  + 3x −  +   = –  –1–  +  2 –  +  (6 − 2) −  3 –   + – 2
 2  –1  2 0  2 1   2
2  2   2    2  2
3 3 5 5
= + +4– + =7
2 2 2 2


14. =  2 e– x  dx  2e–x decreases for x  [0, )  0 < 2e–x  2  x  [0, )
0


x > n2, [2e–x] = 0   =
n2 n2
 [2e– x ] dx +  [2e  1 . dx +  0.dx = n2
–x
for 0
] dx =
0 n2
n 2

n 2 / 3 2 / 3
ex 3 dt 3 dt
15.   2 
dx =
2  =
1 − cos t 2   t
n – n2
1– cos  e x  /3 /3 1 −  1 − 2sin2 
3   2
2 / 3 2 / 3
3 t 3 t 3 1  3 4 
=
2.2 
/3
cosec 2
2
dt =  – cot 
2 2  / 3
=–  3–
2 3
 =  = 3
4 3 

e2
dx
16. 1 = 
e
nx
2
et
Let nx = t  x = et  dx = etdt 1 =  1
t
dt = 2

/ 4 /4
x . sin x
17. 
0 cos3 x
dx = 
0
x.tan x.sec 2 x dx

Applying by parts
/4 /4
 tan2 x   tan2 x 
x
 2 
 0
− 
0

 2 
 dx

 1
After solving we get = −
4 2

18. Let 5(4x – 5) = t2

t 2 + 25
 20x – 25 = t2  x=
20
t
Also 20 dx = 2t dt or dx = dt
10
20   t
t 2 + 25 t 2 + 25
20
 t−5 t+5  t
 =  


10
−t +
10
+t
 10

dt =   10
+ 
10  10
dt
5 5
20 20
 −t + 5 t + 5  t 1  t2  1  20 5  3 5
=  
 10
+ 
10  10
dt =  
10  2  5
=  −  =
10  2 2  8
5

dx ex / 2 dx
19.  =  ex − 1
= e x/2
(ex / 2 )2 − 1
dz
Let ex/2 = z   =2  = 2 sec–1z + c = 2sec–1(ex/2) + c
z z2 − 1

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 
x
dx
Given =  = 2 [sec–1(ex/2) – sec–1 2 ]
6 e −1
n2
x

   x
 sec–1(ex/2) = + =  ex/2 = 2  = n 2  x = n
12 4 3 2
4

20. Dividing Nr & Dr by x2 we get

1  1 
 1+  1 + 2 
x 2 dx =  x  1
 1
x2 + 2 + 7
 2
1
, substitute x –
x
=t
x + x  +9
0 0
x  
 
dt 1 t 
= t
−
2
+9
=
3
tan−1  
 3  −
=
3

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