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2chapter 16

The document discusses open source software, free software, and internet concepts. Open source software makes the source code available to the public so it can be modified and shared freely. Free software also shares the source code and allows unlimited use, modification, and redistribution without permission. Common examples of open source software include Linux, Android, Mozilla, MySQL, and PHP. The internet allows global access to information and online activities like communication, shopping, chatting, and software downloads, but also poses risks like privacy leaks, viruses, and inappropriate content. E-commerce refers to online business transactions between businesses, consumers, and individuals using technologies like EDI, email, EFT, and digital cash.

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Mohammed Sadiq
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115 views5 pages

2chapter 16

The document discusses open source software, free software, and internet concepts. Open source software makes the source code available to the public so it can be modified and shared freely. Free software also shares the source code and allows unlimited use, modification, and redistribution without permission. Common examples of open source software include Linux, Android, Mozilla, MySQL, and PHP. The internet allows global access to information and online activities like communication, shopping, chatting, and software downloads, but also poses risks like privacy leaks, viruses, and inappropriate content. E-commerce refers to online business transactions between businesses, consumers, and individuals using technologies like EDI, email, EFT, and digital cash.

Uploaded by

Mohammed Sadiq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Chapter 16

Internet and Open Source

Open source software: Open source software is licensed software that is available to
the user free of cost and along with the source code. However the person, who holds the
copy right, provides permission to others to change, use and distribute the software. It
is basically developed by a team of users in a public domain.

Free software is computer software that is distributed along with its source code and
license .It is called free because there is no need for any kind of permission and no
restriction on activities using the software. The user can run the software for different
purposes; the user can study the program and change it to their needs, or modify or
redistribute the original software with or without changes.

Open source software distribution must have following rules.

1. Free redistribution: The software may be redistributed or sold as an aggregate


software containing programs from several different sources.
2. Source code: The source code and also the compiled form of source code is made
available to the user, so that user can modify the program
3. Derived works: The license must allow modifications and must allow the
modified versions to be made available under the same terms of license as of
original software.
4. Distribution of License: The rights attached to the software must apply to all
the users to whom the program is redistributed.

FLOSS (Free libre and open source software): Floss is both free and open source
Software. That is the software’s source code is shared by a group of people so that they
can improve it. The group can use, copy, study and change software in any way.
The advantages are
1. Cost reduction of soft ware
2. Giving uses more control over their soft ware.
3. Increasing security.
4. Predicting price.
Ex: LINUX, ANDROID
GNU: GNU is UNIX like Operating System. It is free software containing UNIX like code.
GNU was initiated by FSF.
FSF: Free Software Foundation: This is a nonprofit organization to promote free
software movement which promotes freedom to create modify and distribute computer
software.

OSI (Open source Initiative): Open source software organization provides software that
can be freely used, changed and shared by anyone. It is made by many people and
distributed under license. However it is not freely advisable

Chapter 16 internet and open source Page 1


W3C –World Wide Web consortium: Software standards for WWW is set by W3C. The
W3C develops guidelines and protocols for long term growth of webs they have defined
set of principles to set standards for technology development.

Proprietary Software: Proprietary software is the software that is neither open nor
freely available. This is also known as closed software licensed for copyright holder. The
license gives right to use software under certain conditions. The buyer cannot share,
modify redistribute or do reverse engineering. More so source code for software does not
available.

Free ware: it is software that is available for user at no monetary cost. Source code is
not available and redistribution is prohibited.

Shareware: Software distributed without initial charge but for which the user is
encouraged to pay a nominal amount to cover support for future use.
Limitations:
• It is a trial version where certain features are made available for limited time.
• The user must purchase the full version.
• Shareware is normally downloaded from internet.
• The usefulness can be tested before purchasing license.

IPR: Intellectual Property Rights


WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization is the global forum for Intellectual
Property services, policy, information and co-operation. It is self funding agency of the
United Nations with 188 member states established in 1967.

Some of open source/Free Software


• LINUX: It is a multiuser, window based operating system
• MOZILLA: It is internet software that has web browser, email client, HTML editor.
• MYSQL: Famous open source data base system.
• PHP- Open source programming long for server side operating and web content
• Python: It is a interactive programming language or scripting language.

Internet: networks of computers that links many different types of computers all over
the world via communication line

Advantages of internet
• Best communication service
• Accessing of information at any time globally
• Online shopping
• Online chat

Chapter 16 internet and open source Page 2


• Downloading software
Disadvantages of internet
• Leak of personal information
• Spamming-sending unsolicited e-mails
• Virus threat
• Indecent/obscene site can be easily found and accessible by the children.
• People can steal our account
Internet terms
1. Webpage: Web page is a web document that is suitable for the web and can be
accessed through a web browser and displayed on a monitor or mobile device.
2. Website: A website is a collection of web pages that are accessed through the
internet
3. Web Browser: A Web Browser is a software application for retrieving, Presenting
and traversing information resources on the WWW. Example internet explorer,
Google chrome, Mozilla Firefox
4. Domain Name System: DNS is a hierarchical distributed naming system for
computers, services, or any resource connected to the internet or a private
network
5. Web server: that responds to the requests made by web browsers.
6. Uniform Resource Locator (URL): It is also known as Web Address, is a specific
character string that contains a reference to a resource. It may be a webpage,
image, video, or other piece of content.
Syntax:
Type//address//path
Ex: http://www.example.org/page1.html
7. Telnet: Telnet: it is a network protocol used on the internet to provide a bi-
directional interactive text oriented communication facility using virtual terminal
connection.
On the web, HTTP and FTP protocols allow you to request specific files from
remote computers, but not to actually be logged on as a user of that computer.
With telnet you log on a regular user.

E-Commerce means On-line trading, buying and selling goods and services over
electronic networks.

Ecommerce can be broken into four main categories:

i. Business-to-Business (B2B):- This includes companies doing business with


each other such as manufacturers selling to distributors and wholesalers
selling to retailers.

Chapter 16 internet and open source Page 3


ii. Business-to-Consumer (B2C):- This includes businesses selling to the general
public typically through catalogs utilizing shopping cart software.
iii. Consumer-to-Business (C2B):- A Consumer posts his project with a set
budget online and within hours companies review the consumer’s
requirements and bid on the project.
iv. Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C):- There are many sites offering free classifieds,
auctions, and forums where individuals can buy and sell things to online
payment systems like credit cards where people can send and receive money
online with ease.

Services of E-Commerce
i. Electronic Data Interchange(EDI): Exchange of information between
companies electronically
ii. Email: is a method of exchanging digital messages
iii. Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT) : is the electronic exchange, transfer of money
from one account to another
iv. Electronic Benefits Transfer: is an electronic system that allows state welfare
departments to issue benefits via a magnetically
v. Digital Cash: The use of computer networks and digital stored value systems
to store and transmit money.

Chapter 16
Internet and Open Source
ONE MARK QUESTIONS

1. What is URL?
2. What is freeware?
3. Name any one web browser
4. Define e-commerce.
5. What is telnet?
6. Give the general syntax of URL.
7. Mention any one type of e-commerce.

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

1. Write the advantages of WWW.


2. What is web browser? Mention any two web browsers.
3. What is E-commerce? Explain any two types

Chapter 16 internet and open source Page 4


4. What is meant by shareware? Write its limitations.
5. Define the term: 1) Web page 2) Web browser 3) W.W.W.
6. Give the services of e-commerce.
7. Define e-commerce. Write the various technologies and services used in e-
commerce
8. Write the advantages of e-commerce
9. Explain any three types of e-commerce

Chapter 16 internet and open source Page 5

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