DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,

PESHAWAR
MtE-222L Mechanics of material LAB, 4th Semester

Student Name: Abdullah shah

Registration Number: 21PWMCT0801

Lab No. 02: Introduction To Universal Testing Machine UTM.

Criteria (Taxonomy Excellent (4) Proficient (3) Basic (2) Below Basic (1) Student’s
Level) Score
Report is mostly Report is
To organize the lab as per the guidelines disorganized and Sections/Step
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report and practice and most follows some
the guidelines. All ordered and
the sections/steps are guidelines but most
sections/steps are Report is not as
writing skills as ordered well but of the guidelines
clearly organized in per the
per the requires minor are missing
a logical order.
guidelines improvements. guidelines

The report
completely
discusses the The report
required The report is
The report discusses the totally
To discuss the experiment/lab discusses the experiment/lab
actual irrelevant to the
work in own words required work but have
experiment/task experiment/lab
with some relevant experiment/lab work irrelevant work
additional information
information

Calculations and data

analysis were Most data and
Calculations and performed observations were
data analyses were accurately, but minor Calculations
To perform Recorded adequately, and
performed clearly, errors were data
calculations and
concisely, and made both in analyses of lab
data analysis but with several
accurately, with calculations and in were missing
correct units. applying correct significant errors or
units omissions.

Graphs, if
necessary, were Major
To present results drawn accurately Graphs, if necessary, Graphs, if necessary, components of
in the form of and neatly and were drawn were drawn but
lab were
graphs were clearly adequately inadequately.
missing
labelled.

Comments:
 DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
PESHAWAR
MtE-222L Mechanics of material LAB, 4th Semester
Objec ves
 To know the basic components of universal tes ng machine UTM
 To know the opera onal mechanics of UTM
 To know about different test on UTM

Apparatus
 Universal tes ng machine (UTM)
 Computer

Theory
Universal tes ng machine (UTM)
A Universal Tes ng Machine (UTM)
is a type of mechanical tes ng
equipment used to perform tensile,
compression, and bending tests on
various materials. It is a versa le
machine that can apply different
types of loads to test the strength
and mechanical proper es of
materials. UTMs are widely used in
industries such as automo ve,
aerospace, construc on, and
materials manufacturing. They are Figure 1: Universal Tes ng Machine
essen al for determining the
mechanical proper es of materials and for quality control in produc on processes.

Tensile Test
During a tensile test, the material is pulled apart by the tes ng grip un l it breaks. The load
cell measures the force applied to the material and the displacement of the material is
measured by a displacement sensor

Compression Test
During a compression test, the material is placed between two platens and the UTM applies
a compressive force to the material un l it fails. The load cell measures the amount of force
applied.

Bending Test
 DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
PESHAWAR
MtE-222L Mechanics of material LAB, 4th Semester
Bending tests are also performed using a UTM, where a beam-shaped specimen is loaded at
its midpoint, and the deflec on and load are measured to determine the bending strength
and other proper es of the material.

Parts of UTM
What is Loading unit in UTM?
In a Universal Tes ng Machine (UTM), the loading unit refers to the component that is
responsible for applying loads to the material being tested. The loading unit typically consists
of a hydraulic or electric drive system that generates force and a load cell that measures the
force being applied. It parts are;
1. Load frame
2. Upper/lower crosshead
3. Scale dial

Control unit
In a Universal Tes ng Machine (UTM), the control unit is the component that controls the
opera on of the machine. The control unit typically consists of computer, so ware, and
electronics that are used to monitor and control the UTM's func ons. The so ware provides
the user interface for se ng up and execu ng tests, and it also provides data analysis and
repor ng capabili es. Its parts are;
1. LCD
2. Control knob
3. ON/OFF Bu ons
4. Cross head control
5. Pump

Types of UTM
There are several types of Universal Tes ng Machines (UTMs), including:
1. Electromechanical UTM: This type of UTM uses an electric motor to drive the loading
unit, and it typically has a capacity of up to 2,000 kN. Electromechanical UTMs are
widely used in tes ng applica ons that require a high level of precision and accuracy.
2. Hydraulic UTM: This type of UTM uses hydraulic fluid to generate the force required
to load the specimen, and it typically has a capacity of up to 10,000 kN. Hydraulic UTMs
are commonly used in tes ng applica ons that require high force, such as tes ng
concrete or steel.
3. Servo-hydraulic UTM: This type of UTM combines the precision of an
electromechanical UTM with the high force capacity of a hydraulic UTM. It uses a
hydraulic actuator driven by a servo valve to apply the load to the specimen, and it
 DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
PESHAWAR
MtE-222L Mechanics of material LAB, 4th Semester
typically has a capacity of up to 5,000 kN. Servo-hydraulic UTMs are commonly used
in tes ng applica ons that require both high force and high precision.

Home task
What are the types of materials which can be tested on UTM?
Universal Tes ng Machines (UTMs) can be used to test a wide variety of materials, including
metals, plas cs, composites, wood, ceramics, and more. The type of material that can be
tested on a UTM depends on the design of the machine, the capacity of the loading unit, and
the available grips and fixtures for holding the specimen.
Some examples of materials that can be tested on a UTM include:
1. Metals: such as steel, aluminum, and copper. Tensile tests, compression tests, and
bending tests are all common methods of tes ng metals on a UTM.
2. Plas cs: such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polycarbonate. Common tests for
plas cs include tensile tests, compression tests, and flexural tests.
3. Composites: such as carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced
polymers (GFRP). Tensile, compression, and flexural tests are common methods of
tes ng composites on a UTM.
4. Ceramics: such as fracture toughness and compressive strength. Tensile tests,
compression tests, and bending tests are all common methods of tes ng ceramics on
a UTM.

References
1. ASTM Interna onal. (2021). ASTM E8/E8M-21: Standard Test Methods for Tension Tes ng of
Metallic Materials. https://www.astm.org/Standards/E8.htm
2. ISO. (2018). ISO 6892-1:2016 Metallic materials - Tensile tes ng - Part 1: Method of test at
room temperature. https://www.iso.org/standard/70232.html
3. ASTM Interna onal. (2021). ASTM D638-14: Standard Test Method for Tensile Proper es of
Plas cs. https://www.astm.org/Standards/D638.htm
4. Picture address: h ps://concretecivil.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Universal-tes ng-
machine-765x510.jpg