lOMoARcPSD|38710930

Solved-problems-a - Solved refrigeration problems

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering (Nueva Ecija University of Science and

Technology)

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REFRIGERATION
1. A refrigeration system using R-22 has a capacity of 320 kW of refrigeration. The
evaporating temperature is -10 ˚C and the condensing temperature is 40 ˚C. Calculate the
fraction of vapor in the mixture before the evaporator. Properties of R-22:
At -10 ˚C; hg= 401.60 kJ/kg, hf= 188.43 kJ/kg
At 40 ˚C; hf= 249.6 kJ/kg

A. 0.287 C. 0.245
B. 0.315 D. 0.227
SOLUTION
For throttling process:
ℎ3 = ℎ4
ℎ3 = ℎ𝑓 + × (410.60 − 188.43)

249.69 = 188.43 + × (410.60 − 188.43)

×= 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟕

2. A Carnot engine requires 35 kJ/s from the hot source. The engine produces 15 kW of
power and temperature of the sinks is 26 ˚C. What is the temperature of the hot source
in ˚C?

A. 245.57 C. 250.18
B. 210.10 D. 260.68
SOLUTION
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑇1 −𝑇2
𝑒= =
𝑄𝐴 𝑇1

15 𝑇1 −(26+273)
=
35 𝑇1

𝑇1 = 523.25 𝐾 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎. 𝟐𝟓˚𝐂

3. A refrigeration systems operates on an ideal vapor compression using R-12 with an

evaporator temperature of -30 ˚C and a condenser exit temperature of 49.30 ˚C and
requires 74.6 kW motor to drive the compressor. What is the capacity of the refrigerator
in tons of refrigeration? Enthalpy at condenser entrance = 382 kJ/kg, exit = 248.15 kJ/kg,
at evaporator entrance = 248.15kJ/kg, exit = =338.14 kJ/kg.

A. 43.1 C. 21.3
B. 34.5 D. 18.2

SOLUTION

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𝑄𝐴 = 𝑚( ℎ1 − ℎ4 )
= 𝑚(338.14 − 248.15)
Solving for m:
𝑊 = 𝑚( ℎ2 − ℎ1 )
74.6 = 𝑚(382 − 338.14)
𝑚 = 1.70 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
Then;
𝑄𝐴 = 1.70 (338.14 − 248.15)
𝑄𝐴 = 153 𝑘𝑊
Thus ;
𝑄𝐴 = 𝟒𝟑. 𝟓𝟐 𝒕𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

4. Liquid ammonia at a temperature of 26 ˚C is available at the expansion valve. The

temperature of the vaporizing ammonia in the evaporator is 2 ˚C. Find the percentage of
liquid vaporized while flowing through the expansion valve.

Temperature ˚C Abs. Pressure kpa Enthalpy, Kj/kg

ℎ𝑓 ℎ𝑓𝑔 ℎ𝑔

2 462.49 190.4 1255.2 1445.6

26 1033.97 303.6 1162.0 1465.6

A. 9.02 C. 91.08
B. 90.98 D. 8.92
SOLUTION
ℎ3 = ℎ4

ℎ3 = ( ℎ𝑓 + × ℎ𝑓𝑔 )4

303.6 = 190.4 + × (1255.2)

× = 𝟗. 𝟎𝟐 %

5. A Freon 12 waste water system operating at 5 ˚C suction temperature and a 40 ˚C

condensing temperature has an evaporator load of 5 tons. If the condenser is selected
for a 7 ˚C water temperature rise, how many gpm must be circulated trough the
condenser? The following enthalpies have been found: condenser entrance = 377 kJ/kg,
exit = 238.5 kJ/kg; evaporator entrance = 238.5 kJ/kg, exit = 353.6 kJ/kg.

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A. 11.46 C. 10.46
B. 12.46 D. 13.46
SOLUTION
𝑚𝑤 𝑚 𝑤
𝑉𝑤 = = 1 𝑘𝑔/𝑙𝑖
𝜌𝑤

By: heat balance in condenser:

𝑚(ℎ2 − ℎ3 ) = 𝑚𝑤 𝐶𝑝𝑤 Δ𝑡𝑤

𝑚(377 − 238.5) = 𝑚𝑤 (4.187)(7)

Solving for m:
𝑄𝐴 = 𝑚(ℎ1 − ℎ4 )
5(3.516) = 𝑚(353.6 − 238.5)
𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = 0.153 𝑠

Then;
0.153(377 − 238.5) = 𝑚𝑤 (4.187)(7)
𝑚𝑤 = 0.723 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
Thus;
0.723 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
𝑉𝑤 = 𝑘𝑔 = 0.723 𝑙𝑖./𝑠
1
𝑙𝑖

𝑉𝑤 = 11.46 𝑔𝑎𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑉𝑤 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟔 𝒈𝒑𝒎

6. An ideal vapor compression cycle requires 2.5 kW to power the compressor. You have
found the following data for the cycle: the enthalpy at the condenser entrance = 203
kJ/kg, exit = 55 kJ/kg; evaporator entrance = 55 kJ/kg; exit = 178 kJ/kg. If the mass flow
rate of the refrigerant is 0.10 kg/s, then the coefficient of performance of this refrigerant
cycle is most nearly:

A. 592 C. 5.92
B. 59.2 D. 4.92
SOLUTION

𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

𝑄𝐴
𝐶𝑂𝑃 =
𝑊𝐶

Where:
𝑄𝐴 = 𝑚(ℎ1 − ℎ4 ) Alternate Solution:

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ℎ −ℎ
= 0.10(178 − 55) 𝐶𝑂𝑃 = ℎ1 −ℎ4
2 1

178−55
= 12.30 𝑘𝑊 = 203−178

Thus; thus;
12.30
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 2.5
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 𝟒. 𝟗𝟐%

𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 𝟒. 𝟗𝟐

7. A San Miguel Corporation processing plant that requires cooling of 120 gpm of water
from 15.6 ˚C to 10 ˚C, assume that the cooler heat transfer surface area will enable a 5.5.
˚C differential between the chilled water leaving the cooler and the R-12 evaporating
temperature. Also assume that the condenser heat transfer surface area will enable out
and R-12 condensing temperature. Water be available for the condensing medium at
29.4 ˚C inlet and 35 ˚C outlet. Assume no liquid subcooling or suction gas superheating.
Find the tons of refrigeration.

A. 50.49 C. 60.49
B. 40.49 D. 55.49
SOLUTION
𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 𝑚 𝐶𝜌 ∆𝑡

Where;
𝑔𝑎𝑙 3.785 𝑙𝑖 1𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑉 = (120 min) ( 1 𝑔𝑎𝑙
) ( 60 𝑠 )

𝑉 = 7.57 𝑙𝑖/𝑠
𝑙𝑖 𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = 𝑉𝜌 = (7.57 𝑠 ) (1 )
𝑙𝑖

𝑚 = 7.57 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
𝑘𝐽
𝐶𝜌 = 4.187 𝑘𝑔−𝐾

∆𝑡 = 15.6 − 10 = 5.6
Thus;
𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 7.57(4.187)(5.6)
= 177.51 𝑘𝑊
𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 𝟓𝟎. 𝟓 𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

8. An air conditioning plant wit a capacity of 400 kW of refrigeration has an evaporating and
condensing temperature of 3℃ and 37℃ respectively. If it uses Refrigerant 12, what
volumetric rate of flow under suction condition?

A. 0.172 𝑚3 /𝑠 C. 0.164 𝑚3 /𝑠

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B. 0.281 𝑚3 /𝑠 D. 0.274 𝑚3 /𝑠
SOLUTION
From R-12 tables
At 3℃
ℎ1 = ℎ𝑔 𝑎𝑡 3℃

ℎ1 = 352.755 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑉1 = 50.47 𝑙𝑖./𝑘𝑔
ℎ3 = ℎ4 = 235.503 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
ℎ𝑓 = 202.780 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

𝑄𝐴 = 𝑚(ℎ1 − ℎ4 )
400 = 𝑚(352.755 − 235.503)
𝑚 = 3.411 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
Then;
𝑉1 = 𝑚𝑣1 = 3.411(50.47) = 172 𝐿𝑖/𝑠
𝑉1 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝟐𝒎𝟑/𝒔

9. Magnolia Dairy products plant must cool 4000 gallons of fresh milk received from the
farm per day from an initial temperature of 80℉ to a temperature of 38℉ in 5 hours. If
the density of milk is 8.6 lb/gal, specific gravity is 1.03 and specific heat is 0.935, what
must be the capacity of the refrigerating machine in tons?

A. 12.515 C. 32.515
B. 22.515 D. 16.515
SOLUTION
𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑚 𝐶𝜌 ∆𝑡

Where;
4000𝑔𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑏𝑠
𝑚=( ) (8.6 𝑔𝑎𝑙)
5ℎ𝑟𝑠

𝑚 = 6880 𝑙𝑏/ℎ𝑟
𝐶𝜌 = 0.935 𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑙𝑏𝑅

Then;
𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 6880(0.935)(80 − 38)
𝐵𝑡𝑢 1𝑇𝑂𝑅
= 2770,177.60 ( 𝐵𝑡𝑢 )
ℎ𝑟 12000
ℎ𝑟

𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑦 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟓𝟏𝟓 𝑻𝑶𝑹

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10. A creamery must cool 20,000 liters of milk received each day from initial temperature of
29℃ to a final temperature of 2℃ in 5 hours. If refrigerating losses amount to 10 percent
of the cooling load, what must be the capacity of the refrigerating machine?
Note: Specific heat of milk if 3.9 kJ/kg-K and S.G.= 1.05.

A. 38.5 TOR C. 37.5 TOR

B. 36.5 TOR D. 39.5 TOR
SOLUTION
The total Refrigeration Capacity with 10% refrigeration losses:
𝑄𝑇 = 1.10
= 1.10𝑚𝐶𝜌 ∆𝑡

Where;
𝑚=𝑉𝜌
20,000𝐿𝑖. 𝑘𝑔
= [5(3600)𝑠] (1.05 𝐿𝑖 )

= 1.17 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
Then;
𝑄𝑇 = 1.10[1.17(3.9)(29 − 2)]
= 135.52 𝑘𝑊
𝑄𝑇 = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟓𝟒 𝑻𝑶𝑹

11. How many tons of refrigeration required to produce 10 metric tons of ice per day at -
10℃ from raw water at 22℃ if miscellaneous losses are 15% of the chilling and freezing
load?

A. 17 TOR C. 15 TOR
B. 20 TOR D. 24 TOR
SOLUTION

Phase change of water transformed into ice:

𝑄𝑇 = 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄3

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Where;

𝑄1 = 𝑚𝑤 𝐶𝜌𝑤 ∆𝑡𝑤

10,000 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄1 = (24(3600)𝑠)(4.187 𝑘𝑔℃)(22 − 0)℃
𝑄1 = 10.66 𝑘𝐽/𝑠

𝑄2 = 𝑚𝑖 𝐿𝑓
10,000𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄2 = (24(3600)𝑠)(335 )
𝑘𝑔

𝑄2 = 38.773𝑘𝑊

𝑄3 = 𝑚𝑖 𝐶𝜌𝑖 ∆𝑡𝑖
10,000 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄3 = (24(3600)𝑠)(2.098 )(0 + 10)℃
𝑘𝑔℃

𝑄3 = 2.428 𝑘𝑊

𝑄𝐿 = 0.15 (10.659 + 38.773 + 2.428)

𝑄𝐿 = 7.779 𝑘𝑊
𝑄𝑇 = 10.66 + 38.773 + 2.428 + 7.779
Thus;
𝑄𝑇 = 59.64 𝑘𝑊 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟗𝟔𝟐 𝑻𝑶𝑹

12. Five hundred kilograms of poultry enter a chiller at 8℃ and are frozen and chilled to a
final temperature of -18℃ for storage in 15 hours. The specific heat above and below
freezing are 3.18 kJ/kg℃ and 1.55 kJ/kg℃ respectively. The latent heat is 246 kJ/kg and
the freezing temperature is -5℃. Compute the product load.

A. 2.75 kW C. 2.95 kW
B. 2.85 kW D. 3.15 kW
SOLUTION
𝑄𝑇 = 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄3
Where;
500 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄1 = ( )(3.18 )(8 + 5)℃
15(3600)𝑠 𝑘𝑔℃

𝑄1 = 0.38 𝑘𝑊

500 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄2 = (15(3600)𝑠)(246 𝑘𝑔)

𝑄2 = 2.28 𝑘𝑊

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500 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄3 = (15(3600)𝑠)(1.55 𝑘𝑔℃)(−5 + 18)℃

𝑄3 = 0.19 𝑘𝑊
Thus;
𝑄𝑇 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟓 𝒌𝑾

13. Compute the heat to be removed from 110 kg of lean beef if it were to be cooled from
20℃ to 4℃, after which is frozen and cooled to -18℃. Specific heat of beef above
freezing is given as 3.23 kJ/kg℃ and below freezing is 1.68 kJ/kg℃, freezing point is -2.2
℃, and latent heat of fusion is 223 kJ/kg.

A. 40,319 kJ C. 36,438 kJ
B. 37,438 kJ D. 42,329 kJ
SOLUTION
𝑄𝑇 = 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄3
Where;
𝑘𝐽
𝑄1 = (110 𝑘𝑔)(3.23 )(20 + 2.2)℃
𝑘𝑔℃

𝑄1 = 7,887.66 𝑘𝐽

𝑘𝐽
𝑄2 = (110 𝑘𝑔)(233 )
𝑘𝑔

𝑄2 = 25,630 𝑘𝐽

𝑘𝐽
𝑄3 = (110 𝑘𝑔)(1.68 )(−2.2 + 18)℃
𝑘𝑔℃

𝑄3 = 2919.84 𝑘𝐽
Thus;
𝑄𝑇 = 𝟑𝟔, 𝟒𝟑𝟕. 𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑱

14. An ice plant produces 20 tons of ice per day at -15℃ from water at 25℃. If miscellaneous
losses are 12% of the freezing and chilling load, calculate the refrigeration capacity of the
plant in tons of refrigeration

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A. 40,319 kJ C. 36,438 kJ
B. 37,438 kJ D. 42,329 kJ
SOLUTION
𝑄𝑇 = 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄3 + 𝑄𝐿𝑂𝑆𝑆
Where:
20(907)𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄1 = ( 24(3600)𝑠 )(4.187 𝑘𝑔℃)(25 − 0)℃

𝑄1 = 21.98 𝑘𝑊

20(907) 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄2 = ( )(335 )
24(3600)𝑠 𝑘𝑔

𝑄2 = 70.33 𝑘𝑊

20(907)𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄3 = ( 24(3600)𝑠 )(2.09 𝑘𝑔℃)(0 + 15)℃

𝑄3 = 6.58

𝑄𝐿𝑂𝑆𝑆 = 0.12 + (21.98 + 70.33 + 6.85)

𝑄𝐿𝑂𝑆𝑆 = 11.87 𝑘𝑊
Thus;

𝑄𝐿𝑂𝑆𝑆 = 110.76𝑘𝑊 = 𝟑𝟏. 𝟓𝟎 𝑻𝑶𝑹

15. Fish weighing 11,000 kg with a temperature of 20℃ is brought to a cold storage and
which shall be cooled to -10℃ in 11 hours. Find the required plant refrigerating capacity
in tons of refrigeration if the specific heat of fish is 0.7 kCal/kg℃ below the freezing point
which is -3℃. The latent heat of freezing is 55.5 kCal/kg.

A. 25.26 C. 14.38
B. 15.26 D. 24.38
SOLUTION
𝑄𝑇 = 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄3
Where;
11,000 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙
𝑄1 = (11(3600)𝑠)(0.7 )(20 + 3)℃
𝑘𝑔℃

𝑄1 = 4.47 𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙/𝑠
11,000 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙
𝑄2 = ( ( )
)(55.5 )
11 3600 𝑠 𝑘𝑔

𝑄2 = 15.42 𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙/𝑠

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11,000 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙
𝑄3 = (11(3600)𝑠)(0.3 𝑘𝑔℃)(−3 + 10)℃

𝑄3 = 0.58 𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙/𝑠
Then;
𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙
𝑄𝑇 = 20.47 = 85.71 𝑘𝑊
𝑠

Thus;
𝑄𝑇 = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟑𝟖 𝑻𝑶𝑹

16. Mass of ice -4℃ is needed to cool kg of vegetables in a bunker for 24 hours. The initial
temperature of vegetables is assumed to be 30℃. It is also assumed that the average
temperature inside the bunker is 7℃ within 24 hour period. If the gained per hour in the
bunker is 30% to 7℃, what would be the required mass of ice?
Note: Specific heat of ice = 1.935 kJ/kg-K
Specific heat of vegetables = 3.35 kJ/kg-K
Specific heat of water = 4.186 kJ/kg-K
Specific fusion of ice = 335 kJ/kg-K
A. 23.82 kg C. 29.54 kg
B. 26.57 kg D. 37.48 kg
SOLUTION
𝑄𝑇 = 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄3
Where;
Heat needed to melt ice from -4℃ to water at 7℃:
𝑚 𝑘𝐽 7.74𝑚
𝑄1 = [24(3600)𝑠] [1.935 𝑘𝑔℃] (0 + 4)℃ = 86400

335𝑚 𝑘𝐽 335𝑚
𝑄1 = [24(3600)𝑠] = 86400
𝑘𝑔.𝑠

𝑚 𝑘𝐽
𝑄3 = [24(3600)𝑠] [4.186 𝑘𝑔℃] (7 − 0)℃

29.30𝑚 𝑘𝐽 29.3𝑚
𝑄3 = [24(3600)𝑠] 𝑘𝑔.𝑠 = 86400

372.04𝑚 𝑘𝑊
𝑄𝑇 =
86400 𝑘𝑔

Heat gained by vegetables:

115 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄𝑣 = [24(3600)𝑠] [3.35 𝑘𝑔℃] (30 − 7)℃

𝑄𝑣 = 0.1026 𝑘𝑊

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Heat loss of ice = heat gained by vegetables:

372.04𝑚
= 0.1026 𝑘𝑊
86400

𝑚 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟖𝟐 𝒌𝒈

17. A 10 tons ice plant using ammonia refrigerant operates between evaporator and
condenser temperature of -20℃ and 35℃ respectively. The ice plant is to produce ice at
-12℃ from water at 30℃ in 24 hrs. Assuming losses to be 18% of the heat absorbed from
the water, determine the power required by the compressor. Note: Properties of
ammonia: ℎ1 = 1437 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔, ℎ2 = 1736 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔, ℎ3 = ℎ4 = 366 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔.

A. 17.94 kW C. 18.94 kW
B. 16.94 kW D. 19.94 kW
SOLUTION
𝐿𝑒𝑡: 𝑊𝑐 = 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝑊𝑐 = 𝑚(ℎ2 −ℎ1 )
Solving for m:
𝑄𝑇 = 𝑚(ℎ1 −ℎ4 )
Where;
𝑄𝑇 = 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄3

10(907) 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄1 = [ 24(3600)𝑠 ] [4.187 𝑘𝑔℃] (30 − 0)℃
𝑄1 = 13.19 𝑘𝑊

10(907) 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄2 = ( 24(3600)𝑠 )(335 )
𝑘𝑔

𝑄2 = 35.17 𝑘𝑊

10(907) 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄3 = [ 24(3600)𝑠 ] [2.098 𝑘𝑔℃] (0 + 12)℃

𝑄3 = 2.637 𝑘𝑊

𝑄𝐿𝑂𝑆𝑆 = 0.18(13.19 + 35.17 + 2.637)

𝑄𝐿𝑂𝑆𝑆 = 9.18 𝑘𝑊
Solving for 𝑄𝑇 :
𝑄𝑇 = 13.19 + 35.17 + 2.637 + 9.18
𝑄𝑇 = 60.18

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Solving for m:
60.18 = 𝑚(1437 − 366)
𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = 0.06 𝑠

Solving for Compressor Power (𝑊𝑐 )

𝑊𝐶 = 0.06(1736 − 1437)
Thus;
𝑄3 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟗𝟒 𝒌𝑾

18. Calculate the tons of refrigeration required to freeze in 4 hrs. 3 mm of 10℃ water on
skating rink 61 m × 30 m if the ground temperature is 10℃ and the air temperature
above the rink is 16℃. The heat transfer coefficient from the air to 0℃ ice is 6.8
𝑊/𝑚2 ℃ and the heat transfer coefficient from the ground to 6℃ ice is 0.3402 𝑊/𝑚2 ℃.

A. 101.69 C. 140.62
B. 151.68 D. 201.96
SOLUTION
𝑄𝑇 = 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄3 + 𝑄4 + 𝑄5
Where;
𝑚𝑤 = 𝑉𝑤 𝜌𝑤
𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝑤 = [(61)(30)(0.003)𝑚3 ](1000 )
𝑚3

𝑚𝑤 = 5,490 𝑘𝑔

5490𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄1 = [ ( )
] [4.187 ] (10 − 0)℃
4 3600 𝑠 𝑘𝑔℃

𝑄1 = 15.96 𝑘𝑊

5,490 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄2 = (4(3600)𝑠)(335 𝑘𝑔)

𝑄2 = 127.72 𝑘𝑊

5,490 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄3 = [ ] [2.098 ] (0 + 6)℃
4(3600)𝑠 𝑘𝑔℃

𝑄3 = 4.80 𝑘𝑊
Refrigeration required to handle heat by convection:
From air to 0℃ ice, 𝑄4 = 𝑈𝐴∆𝑡
𝑄4 = (6.8)[61(30)][16 − 0]

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𝑄4 = 199,104 𝑊 = 199.104 𝑘𝑊
From ground to -6℃, 𝑄5 = (0.3402)[61(30)](10 + 6)
𝑄5 = 9,961 𝑊 = 9.961 𝑘𝑊
Then; the total capacity (𝑄𝑇 ) is:
𝑄𝑇 = 15.96 + 127.72 + 4.80 + 199.104 + 9.961
𝑄𝑇 = 357.545 𝑘𝑊
Thus;
𝑄𝑇 = 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟔𝟗 𝑻𝑶𝑹

19. A 95 tons refrigeration system has a compressor power of 90 Hp. Find the coefficient of
performance, COP.

A. 3.85 C. 3.77
B. 4.97 D. 1.99
SOLUTION
𝑅𝐸
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 𝑊
𝑐

Where;
𝑅𝐸 = 95 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 = 334.02 𝑘𝑊
𝑊𝐶 = 90 𝐻𝑝 = 67.14 𝑘𝑊
Thus;
334.02
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 67.14

𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 𝟒. 𝟗𝟕

20. A refrigeration system operates on the reversed Carnot cycle. The minimum and
maximum temperatures are -25℃ and 72℃, respectively. If the heat rejected at the
condenser is 6000 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛, find the power input required.

A. 1 666.38 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛 C. 1 686.83 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛

B. 1 888.38 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛 D. 1 866.83 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛
SOLUTION
𝑊 = (𝑇2 + 𝑇1 ) ∆𝑆
Where;
𝑇2 = 72 + 273 = 345 𝐾
𝑇1 = −25 + 273 = 248 𝐾
Solving for ∆𝑆:

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𝑄𝑅 6000
∆𝑆 = 𝑇2
= 345

𝑘𝐽
∆𝑆 = 17.39 𝑚𝑖𝑛−𝐾

Thus;
𝑊 = (345 − 248)(17.39)
𝑊 = 𝟏 𝟔𝟖𝟔. 𝟖𝟑 𝒌𝑱/𝒎𝒊𝒏

21. In 𝐶𝑂2 refrigerating plant, the specific enthalpy of the refrigerant as it leaves the
condenser is 135 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 and as it leaves the evaporator it is 320 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔. If the mass flow
of the refrigerant is 5 𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑖𝑛, calculate the refrigerating effect per hour.

A. 55 500 𝑘𝐽/ℎ𝑟 C. 65 500 𝑘𝐽/ℎ𝑟

B. 35 500 𝑘𝐽/ℎ𝑟 D. 45 500 𝑘𝐽/ℎ𝑟
SOLUTION
𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚(ℎ1 −ℎ4 )
Where;
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = 5 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 300 ℎ𝑟

ℎ1 = 320 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽
ℎ2 = 135 𝑘𝑔

Thus;
𝑅𝐸 = 300 (320 − 135)
𝑅𝐸 = 𝟓𝟓 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑱/𝒉𝒓

22. A refrigerant is 2m high, 1.2 m wide and 1 m deep. The over all-heat transfer coefficient
is 0.532 𝑊/𝑚2 ℃. How many kilograms of 0℃ ice will melt per hour if the inside
temperature is maintained at 10℃ while the surrounding air temperature is at 35℃?

A. 1.60 kg C. 2.60 kg
B. 1.80 kg D. 2.80 kg

SOLUTION
𝑄 = 𝑚𝐿𝑓

Solving for Q:
𝑄 = 𝑈 𝐴 ∆𝑡
Where;
𝐴 = 2[2(1.2) + 1.2(1) + 2(1)]

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𝐴 = 11.2 𝑚2
𝑤
𝑄 = (0.532 𝑚2 ℃)(11.2𝑚2 )(35 − 10)℃

𝑄 = 148.96 𝑊 = 0.14896 𝑘𝑊
Then;
0.14896 = 𝑚(335)
𝑚 = 4.4466 × 10−4 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
Thus; ice melted per hour is :
𝑚 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒉𝒓

23. The power requirement of a Carnot refrigeration in maintaining a low temperature

region at 300 K is 1.5 kW per ton. Find the heat rejected.

A. 4.02 kW C. 5.02 kW
B. 7.02 kW D. 6.02 kW
SOLUTION
𝑄𝑅 = 𝑇2 ∆𝑆
Where:
𝑇1
𝑇2 = 𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 𝑇1

Solving for COP:

𝑄𝐴 3.156 𝑘𝑊
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = =
𝑊𝐶 1.5 𝑘𝑊

𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 2.34
Then;
300
𝑇2 = 2.34 + 300

𝑇2 = 427.99 𝐾
𝑊 𝐶 1.5
∆𝑆 = 𝑇 −𝑇 = 427.99−300
2 1

𝑘𝑊
∆𝑆 = 0.012
𝐾

Thus;
𝑄𝑅 = (427.99)(0.012)
𝑄𝑅 = 𝟓. 𝟎𝟐 𝒌𝑾

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24. A simple saturated refrigeration cycle for R-12 system operates at an evaporating
temperature of -5℃ and a condensing temperature of 40℃. Determine the volume flow
rate for a refrigerant capacity of 1 kW.
Properties of R-12:
At -5℃, ℎ1 = ℎ𝑔 = 349.3 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

𝑣1 = 𝑣𝑔 = 0.06496 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔
At 40℃, ℎ3 = ℎ𝑓 = 238.5 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

𝑚3 𝑚3
A. 0.0005866 C. 0.005865
𝑠 𝑠

𝑚3 𝑚3
B. 0.005866 D. 0.00005866
𝑠 𝑠

SOLUTION
𝑚 = 𝑚 𝑣1
Solving for m:
𝑄𝐴
𝑚=
ℎ1 −ℎ4

1 𝑘𝐽/𝑠
𝑚 = (349.3−238.5) 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

𝑚 = 0.00903 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
Thus;
𝑉1 = (0.00903)(0.06496)
𝑉1 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟖𝟔𝟔 𝒎𝟑/𝒔

25. A vapor compression refrigeration system is designed to have a capacity of 150 tons of
refrigeration. It produces chilled water from 22℃ to 2℃. Its actual of performance is
5.86 and 35% of the power supplied to the compressor is lost in the form of friction and
cylinder cooling losses. Determine the condenser cooling water required for a
temperature rise of 10℃.

A. 14.75 kg/s C. 18.65 kg/s

B. 15.65 kg/s D. 13.75 kg/s
SOLUTION

By Energy Balance:
𝑄𝑅 = 𝑊𝐶 + 𝑅𝐸 = 𝑚𝑤 𝐶𝑤 ∆𝑡𝑤
Where:
𝑅𝐸 = 150(3.516)
𝑅𝐸 = 527.4𝑘𝑊
From:

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𝑅𝐸
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 𝑊
𝐶

527.4
5.86 = 𝑊𝑐

𝑊𝐶 = 90 𝑘𝑊
Then;
𝑄𝑅 = 527.4 + 90 = 617.4
617.4 = 𝑚𝑤 𝐶𝜌𝑤 ∆𝑡𝑤

617.4 = 𝑚𝑤 (4.187)(10)
Thus;
𝑚𝑤 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝒈/𝒔

26. An air conditioning system of a high rise building has a capacity of 350 kW of
refrigeration, uses R-12. The evaporating and condensing temperatures are 0℃ and
35℃ respectively. Determine the mass of refrigerant 12 circulated per second.
Properties of R-12:
At 0℃: At 35℃:
𝑚3
𝑉𝑔 = 0.05539 𝑘𝑔 ℎ𝑓 = 233.5 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

𝑘𝐽
ℎ𝑓 = 200 𝑘𝑔

ℎ𝑔 = 351.48 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

A. 2.97 kg/s C. 4.57 kg/s

B. 3.57 kg/s D. 1.97 kg/s
SOLUTION
𝑄𝐴 = 𝑚(ℎ1 −ℎ4 )
𝑄𝐴
𝑚=
ℎ1 −ℎ4

Where:
𝑄𝐴 = 350 𝑘𝑊
ℎ1 = ℎ𝑔 𝑎𝑡 0℃ = 351.48 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

ℎ4 = ℎ3 𝑎𝑡 35℃ = 233.5 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

Thus;
350
𝑚=
351.48−233.5

𝑚 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟕 𝒌𝒈/𝒔

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27. Cold salt brine at an temperature of 0℃ is used in a packing plant to chill beef from
40℃ to 5℃ in 18 hours. Determine the mass flow rate in kg per s required to cool
1000 beeves of 250 kg each, if the final temperature of brine is 3℃ . Specific heat of
brine is 3.76 kJ/kg℃ and S.G.= 1.05. Specific heat of beef is 3.14 kJ/kg℃.

A. 37.59 kg/s C. 38.79 kg/s

B. 39.67 kg/s D. 35.67 kg/s

SOLUTION
Volume of brine circulated :
𝑚𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝑉𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑒 =
𝜌𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑒

Where ;
𝑘𝑔
𝜌𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑒 = (1 𝐿
) (1.05) = 1.05 𝑘𝑔/𝐿

Solving for the 𝑚𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑒 :

(1000)(250)𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄𝑇 = [ ] (3.14 )(40 − 5)℃
18(3600)𝑠 𝑘𝑔℃

𝑄𝑇 = 424 𝑘𝑊
Then ;
𝑄𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 𝑄𝑇
𝑚𝑏 𝐶𝑏 ∆𝑡𝑏 = 424
𝑚𝑏 (3.76)(3 − 0) = 424
Thus ;
𝑚𝑏 = 𝟑𝟕. 𝟓𝟗 𝒌𝒈/𝒔

28. A simple vapor compressor cycle develops 13 tons of refrigeration. Using ammonia as
refrigerant and operating at a condensing temperature of 24℃ and evaporating
temperature of -18℃; and assuming that the compressions are isentropic and that the
gas leaving the condenser is saturated. Find the power requirement.

A. 13 kW C. 12 kW

B. 8.79 kW D. 9.79 kW
Properties of R-12 :
At 24℃
ℎ𝑓 = 312.87 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

h @ 974 kpa ( P at 24℃)

and 𝑆2 = 𝑆1 = 1657 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

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At -18℃
ℎ𝑔 = 1439.94 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

𝑉𝑔 = 0.5729 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔

SOLUTION
𝑊𝑐 = 𝑚(ℎ2 − ℎ1 )
Where;
ℎ2 = ℎ @ 947 𝑘𝑃𝑎 & 𝑆2 = 𝑆1
= 1657 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
ℎ1 = ℎ𝑔 𝑎𝑡 − 18℃

= 1439.94 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
from:
𝑄𝐴 = 𝑚(ℎ1 − ℎ4 )
13 tons (3.516 kW/ton)= 𝑚(1439.94 − 312.87)𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = 0.0415𝑘𝑔/𝑠
Thus;
𝑊𝐶 = 0.0405 (1657 − 1439.94)
𝑊𝐶 = 𝟖. 𝟕𝟗 𝒌𝑾

29. A belt driven compressor is used in refrigeration system that will cool 10 liter per second
of water from 13℃ to 1℃. The belt efficiency is 98%, motor efficiency is 85% and the
input of the compressor is 0.7 kW per ton of refrigeration. Find the actual coefficient of
performance if over-all efficiency is 65%.

A. 4.44 C. 6.44
B. 5.44 D. 3.44
SOLUTION
𝑄
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 𝑊𝐴
𝐶

Where;
𝑄𝐴 = 𝑚𝐶𝜌 ∆𝑡

= [10(1)](4.187)(13 − 1)
= 502.44 𝑘𝑊
= 142.90 𝑇𝑂𝑅
Solving for compressor work, 𝑊𝐶 :

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𝑊𝐶 (0.98)(0.85)
𝑒𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟−𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 0.70𝑄𝐴

𝑊𝐶 (0.98)(0.85)
0.65 = 0.70(142.90)

𝑊𝐶 = 78.055 𝑘𝑊
Thus ;
502.44
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 78.055

𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 𝟔. 𝟒𝟒

30. Four thousand liters per hour of distillates are to be cooled from 21℃ to 12℃ and 12% of
wax by weight is separated out at 15℃. The specific heat of oil is 2 kJ/kg℃ and S.G. is
0.87. The specific weight of the wax is 2.5 and the latent heat of fusion is 290 kJ/kg.
Allow 10% for the losses, find the capacity of the refrigerating machine.

A. 20 TOR C. 40 TOR
B. 51.08 TOR D. 31.08 TOR
SOLUTION

𝑄𝑇 = 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄3 + 𝑄𝐿𝑂𝑆𝑆

Where;
𝑚 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟.
𝐿𝑖 𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = (400 ℎ𝑟) (0.87) (1 𝐿𝑖 )
𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = 3,480 ℎ𝑟 = 0.97 𝑘𝑔/𝑠

and ;
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄1 = (0.97 ) (2 ) (21 − 15)℃ = 11.64 𝑘𝑊
𝑠 𝑘𝑔℃

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄2 = [(0.12)(0.97) ] (290 ) = 33.76 𝑘𝑊
𝑠 𝑘𝑔

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄3 = [(0.12)(0.97) 𝑠
] (2.5
𝑘𝑔℃
) (15 + 12)℃ = 7.86 𝑘𝑊

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄4 = [(0.88)(0.97) 𝑠
] (2
𝑘𝑔℃
) (15 + 12)℃ = 46.09 𝑘𝑊

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𝑄𝐿𝑂𝑆𝑆 = 0.10(11.64 + 33.76 + 7.86 + 46.09) = 9.935 𝑘𝑊

Thus;
𝑄𝑇 = 109.285
𝑄𝑇 = 𝟑𝟏. 𝟎𝟖 𝑻𝑶𝑹

31. A 50 ton vapor compression system using Ammonia as refrigerant operates between
20℃ condenser and -16℃ evaporator temperature. If simple saturation cycle with
isentropic compression is assumed, determine the piston displacement of the
reciprocating compressor to be used in the system operating at 600 rpm.
Properties of Ammonia:
At 20℃ At -16℃
ℎ𝑓 = 274.9 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 ℎ𝑔 = 1424.4 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
ℎ @ 187.12 𝑘𝑃𝑎 (𝑃@20℃) 𝑣𝑔 = 0.5296 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
& 𝑆2 = 𝑆1 = 1640 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
A. 5000 𝑐𝑚3 C. 7000 𝑐𝑚3
B. 6000 𝑐𝑚3 D. 8000 𝑐𝑚3
SOLUTION
Piston displacement of the compressor:
𝑚𝑣1
𝑉𝐷 = 𝑤

Where:
𝐶𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
𝑚= 𝑅𝐸
𝐶𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
𝑚= ℎ1−ℎ2

50(3.516)
𝑚=
1424.4−274.9

𝑚 = 0.153 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
Then;
0.153(0.5296)
𝑉𝐷 = 600
60

𝑉𝐷 = 0.0081 𝑚3 = 800 𝑐𝑚3

Thus;

𝑉𝐷 = 𝟖𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝒄𝒎𝟑

32. A simple vapor compression cycle develops 15 tons of refrigeration using Ammonia as
refrigerant and operating at condensing temperature of 24 ℃ and evaporating
temperature of -18℃ and assuming compression are isentropic and that the gas leaving
the condenser is saturated, find the power per ton.
Properties of Ammonia:

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At 24℃ At -18℃
ℎ𝑓 = 312.87 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 ℎ𝑔 = 1439.94 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

ℎ2 = 1665 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

A. 0.702 𝑘𝑊/𝑡𝑜𝑛 C. 0.602 𝑘𝑊/𝑡𝑜𝑛

B. 0.802 𝑘𝑊/𝑡𝑜𝑛 D. 0.502 𝑘𝑊/𝑡𝑜𝑛
SOUTION
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝑃(𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑛) = 𝑇𝑂𝑅
𝑊𝐶
=
𝑇𝑂𝑅

Where;
𝑊𝐶 = 𝑚(ℎ2 − ℎ1 )
Solving for m;
𝑄𝐴 = 𝑚(ℎ1 − ℎ4 )
15(3.516) = 𝑚(1439.94 − 312.87)
𝑚 = 0.0468 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
Then;
𝑊𝐶 = 0.0468(1665 − 1439.94)
𝑊𝐶 = 10.531 𝑘𝑊
Thus;
10.531 𝑘𝑊
𝑃(𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑛) =
15 𝑡𝑜𝑛

𝑃(𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑛) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟐 𝒌𝑾/𝒕𝒐𝒏

33. In an Ammonia refrigerator the pressure in the evaporator is 267.58 kPa and the
ammonia at entry is 0.12 dry while at exit is 0.91. During compression the work done per
kg of ammonia is 17,033 kg-m. Calculate the coefficient of performance. If the rate of
ammonia circulation is 5.64 kg, calculate the volume of vapor entering the compressor
per minute. The compressor is single acting, its volumetric efficiency is 80% and its runs
at 120 rpm. The ratio of stroke to bore is 1. Calculate the bore and stroke. It is given that
the latent enthalpy and specific volume of ammonia at 267.58 kPa are 320 kCal/kg and
0.346 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔 respectively.

𝑚3 𝑚3
A. 2.235 , 31𝑐𝑚 C. 1.457 , 25𝑐𝑚
𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝑚3 𝑚3
B. 4.357 𝑚𝑖𝑛 , 41𝑐𝑚 D. 3.567 𝑚𝑖𝑛 , 30𝑐𝑚

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SOUTION
Properties of Ammonia:
ℎ𝑓𝑔 @267.58 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 320 𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙/𝑘𝑔
𝑣𝑓𝑔 @267.58 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 0.436 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔
ℎ1 = ℎ𝑓1 + 𝑥1 ℎ𝑓𝑔1

= ℎ𝑓1 + 0.91(320)

ℎ4 = ℎ𝑓4 + 𝑥1 ℎ𝑓𝑔4

= ℎ𝑓4 + 0.12(320)

= ℎ𝑓4 + 38.4 𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙/𝑘𝑔

Solving for COP:

𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑅𝐸
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘
=𝑊
𝐶

Where:
𝑅𝐸 = ℎ1 − ℎ4

= (ℎ𝑓1 + 291.2) − (ℎ𝑓4 − 38.4)

𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙
= 252.8 = 1058.47𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑔

𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝐶 = 17,033 𝑘𝑔𝑓 𝑚/𝑘𝑔𝑚 (0.00981 𝑘𝑔 )
𝑓

= 167.09 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝑚
Then;
1058.47
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = = 6.335
167.09

Solving for the volume of vapor entering the compressor per minute:
𝑉1 = 𝑚𝑣1
When;
𝑚 = 5.64 𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑣1 = 𝑣𝑓1 + 𝑥𝑣𝑓𝑔1

= 0.005127 + 0.91(0.436)
= 0.3983 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔
Then;
𝑘𝑔 𝑚3
𝑉1 = (5.61 ) (0.3983 ) = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝒎𝟑 /𝒎𝒊𝒏
min 𝑘𝑔

Solving for the bore and stroke:

from:
𝜋𝐷2
𝑉𝐷 = 4
𝐿𝑁

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𝑉1 𝜋𝐷2
𝑒𝑣𝑎
= 4
𝐿𝑁

2.246 𝜋𝐷2
= (𝐷)(120) note: L=D
0.80 4

Thus;
𝐿 = 𝐷 = 0.31 = 𝟑𝟏𝒄𝒎

34. Freon-12 leaves the condenser of a refrigerating plant as a saturated liquid at 5.637 bar.
The evaporator pressure is 1.509 bar and the refrigerant leaves the evaporator at this
pressure and at a temperature at -5℃ . Calculate the refrigerating effect per kg.

A. 132.88 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 C. 160.91 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

B. 123.77 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 D. 123.86 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
SOLUTION
Properties of Freon-12:
At 5.637 bar At 1.509 bar (𝑡 = −20℃)
ℎ4 = ℎ𝑓 = 54.87 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 ℎ𝑓 = 17.82 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

ℎ𝑔 = 178.73 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

ℎ𝑓𝑔 = 160.91 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

Since, the saturation temperature at 1.509 is -20℃ and the refrigerant at this pressure
leaves the evaporator at -5℃, it is superheated by -5℃, it is superheated by 15℃.

ℎ1 = ℎ @ 1.509 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 15℃ = 187.75 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

Then;
𝑅𝐸 = ℎ1 − ℎ4
𝑅𝐸 = 187.75 − 54.87
Thus,
𝑅𝐸 = 𝟏𝟑𝟐. 𝟖𝟖 𝒌𝑱/𝒌𝒈

35. An ammonia compressor operates at an evaporator pressure of 316 kPa and a condenser
pressure of 1514.2 kPa. The refrigerant is subcooled 5℃ and is superheated 8℃. A twin
cylinder compressor with bore to stroke ratio of 0.85 is to be used at 1200 rpm. The
mechanical efficiency is 76%. For a load of 87.5 kW, determine the size of the driving
motor.

A. 24.26 𝑘𝑊 C. 34.26 𝑘𝑊

B. 25.26 𝑘𝑊 D. 35.26 𝑘𝑊
SOLUTION
Properties of Ammonia:
ℎ1 = ℎ @ 316 𝑘𝑃𝑎 & 0℃ = 1472 𝑘𝐽/𝑘
𝑣1 = 𝑣 @ 316 𝑘𝑃𝑎 @ 0℃ = 0.41 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔

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ℎ3 = ℎ4 = ℎ𝑓 @ 34℃ = 361.2 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

ℎ2 = ℎ @ 1514.2 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆2 = 𝑆1 = 1715 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝑒𝑚 = 𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

𝑊𝐶 𝑚(ℎ2 −ℎ1)
𝑒𝑚 = 𝑃 =
𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟

𝑚(ℎ2 −ℎ1 )
𝑃𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝑒𝑚

Solving for m:
𝑄𝐴 = 𝑚(ℎ1 − ℎ4 )
87.5 = 𝑚(1472 − 361.2)
𝑚 = 0.079 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
0.079(1715−1472)
𝑃𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 0.76

Thus;
𝑃𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝟐𝟓. 𝟐𝟔𝒌𝑾

36. A refrigeration system having a 30 kW capacity requires 10 Hp compressor. Find the COP
of the system.

A. 2.78 C. 4.02
B. 3.78 D. 5.02
SOLUTION
𝑄𝐴
𝐶𝑂𝑃 =
𝑊𝐶

30
= 10(0.746)

Thus;
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 𝟒. 𝟎𝟐

37. A refrigerating machine uses ammonia as the working fluid. It leaves the compressor as
dry saturated vapor at 8.57 bar passes the condenser at this pressure and leaves as
saturated liquid. The pressure in the evaporator is 1.902 bar and the ammonia leaves the
evaporator 0.96 dry. If the rate of flow of the refrigerant through the circuit is 2 kg/min,
calculate the volume taken into the compressor in 𝑚3 /𝑚𝑖𝑛, and the refrigerating effect
in kJ/min.

𝑚3 𝑚3
A. 1.198 𝑚𝑖𝑛 , 2,183 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛 C. 1.198 𝑚𝑖𝑛 , 3,183 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛

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𝑚3 𝑚3
B. 2.198 𝑚𝑖𝑛 , 3,183.83 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛 D. 2.198 𝑚𝑖𝑛 , 2,183 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛

SOLUTION
Properties of ammonia:
At 8.57 bar At 1.902 bar

ℎ𝑓 = 275.1 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 ℎ𝑓 = 89.8 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 𝑣𝑔 = 0.6237 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔

ℎ𝑔 = 1462. 6 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 ℎ𝑔 = 1420 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

ℎ𝑓𝑔 = 1330.2 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

Solving for the volume taken into compressor per minute:

𝑘𝑔
𝑉 = (2 min) [0.93 (0.6237)𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔 ]

𝑉 = 1.198 𝑚3 /𝑚𝑖𝑛
Solving for the refrigerating effect in kJ/min:
𝑅𝐸 = 𝑚(ℎ1 − ℎ4 )
Where;
ℎ1 = ℎ𝑓1 + 𝑥ℎ𝑓𝑔

= 89.8 + 0.96(1330.2)
= 1336.79 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
ℎ4 = ℎ3 = 275.1 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
Then;
𝑅𝐸 = 2 𝑘𝑔/ min(1366.79 − 275.1)𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑅𝐸 = 2,183.38 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛
Thus;
𝒎𝟑
𝑉 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟗𝟖 , 𝑹𝑬 = 𝟐, 𝟏𝟖𝟑. 𝟑𝟖 𝒌𝑱/𝒎𝒊𝒏
𝒎𝒊𝒏

38. The water enters the condenser at 30℃ and leaves at 50℃. If the heat rejected in the
condenser is 500 kW, determine the volume of water needed to cool the refrigerant.

A. 5.97 𝑙𝑖/𝑠 C. 6.69 𝑙𝑖/𝑠

B. 4.69 𝑙𝑖/𝑠 D. 7.69 𝑙𝑖/𝑠
SOLUTION
𝑄𝑅 = 𝑚𝑤 𝐶𝑤 ∆𝑡𝑤
500 = 𝑚𝑤 (4.187)(50 − 30)
𝑉𝑤 = 5.97 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
Then; the volume of water is :

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𝑚𝑤 5.97 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
𝑉𝑤 = =
𝜌𝑤 1 𝑘𝑔/𝐿

Thus:
𝑉𝑤 = 𝟓. 𝟗𝟕 𝑳/𝒔
39. A 500 kW refrigeration system is used to produce cooled water from 24℃ to 3℃.
Calculate the mass flow rate of water in kg/s.

A. 5.69 𝑘𝑔/𝑠 C. 6.69 𝑘𝑔/𝑠

B. 4.69 𝑘𝑔/𝑠 D. 7.69 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
SOLUTION

𝑄𝐴 = 𝑚𝑤 𝐶𝜌𝑤 ∆𝑡𝑤

500 = 𝑚𝑤 (4.187)(24 − 3)
Thus;
𝑚𝑤 = 𝟓. 𝟔𝟗 𝒌𝒈/𝒔

40. A vapor compression refrigeration system is designed to have a capacity of 100 TOR. It
produces chilled water from 22℃ to 2℃. Its actual coefficient of performance is 5.86
and 35% of the power supplied to the compressor is lost in the form of friction and
cylinder cooling looses. Determine the size of the electric motor required to drive the
compressor in kW and the volume flow rate of chilled water is L/s.

A. 92.31 𝑘𝑊, 4.199𝐿/𝑠 C. 93.75 𝑘𝑊, 5.724𝐿/𝑠

B. 90.71 𝑘𝑊, 5.277𝐿/𝑠 D. 91.75 𝑘𝑊, 5.575𝐿/𝑠
SOLUTION
𝑄
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 𝑊𝐴
𝐶

100(3.516)
5.86 = 𝑊𝐶

𝑊𝐶 = 60 𝑘𝑊
𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 + 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠
𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝑊𝐶 + 0.35 (𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟)
𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝑊𝐶 = 60
0.60
𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 =
0.65

Thus;
𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 92.31 𝑘𝑊
Solving for the volume flow of chilled water:
𝑄𝐴 = 𝑚𝑤 𝐶𝜌𝑤 ∆𝑡𝑤

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100(3.516) = 𝑚𝑤 (4.187)(22 − 2)
𝑚𝑤 = 4.199 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
Thus;
𝑚𝑤 4.199 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
𝑉𝑤 = =
𝜌𝑤 1𝑘𝑔/𝐿

𝑉𝑤 = 4.199 𝐿/𝑠
Thus;
𝑷𝒎𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒓 = 𝟗𝟐. 𝟑𝟏 𝒌𝑾, 𝑽𝒘 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟗𝟗 𝑳/𝒔

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