REFRIGERATION

1. A refrigeration system using R-22 has a capacity of 320 kW of refrigeration. The

evaporating temperature is -10 ˚C and the condensing temperature is 40 ˚C. Calculate the
fraction of vapor in the mixture before the evaporator. Properties of R-22:
At -10 ˚C; hg= 401.60 kJ/kg, hf= 188.43 kJ/kg
At 40 ˚C; hf= 249.6 kJ/kg

A. 0.287 C. 0.245
B. 0.315 D. 0.227

SOLUTION
For throttling process:
ℎ3 = ℎ4
ℎ3 = ℎ𝑓 + × (410.60 − 188 .43)

249.69 = 188.43 + × (410 .60 − 188.43)

×= 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟕

2. A Carnot engine requires 35 kJ/s from the hot source. The engine produces 15 kW of
power and temperature of the sinks is 26 ˚C. What is the temperature of the hot source
in ˚C?

A. 245.57 C. 250.18
B. 210.10 D. 260.68

SOLUTION
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑇1 −𝑇2
𝑒= 𝑄𝐴
= 𝑇1

15 𝑇1 −(26+273)
35
=
𝑇1

𝑇1 = 523.25 𝐾 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎. 𝟐𝟓˚𝐂

3. A refrigeration systems operates on an ideal vapor compression using R-12 with an

evaporator temperature of -30 ˚C and a condenser exit temperature of 49.30 ˚C and
requires 74.6 kW motor to drive the compressor. What is the capacity of the refrigerator
in tons of refrigeration? Enthalpy at condenser entrance = 382 kJ/kg, exit = 248.15 kJ/kg,
at evaporator entrance = 248.15kJ/kg, exit = =338.14 kJ/kg.

A. 43.1 C. 21.3
B. 34.5 D. 18.2

0 0
SOLUTION
0 0
 𝑄𝐴 = 𝑚( ℎ1 − ℎ4 )
= 𝑚(338.14 − 248.15)
Solving for m:

𝑊 = 𝑚( ℎ2 − ℎ1 )
74.6 = 𝑚(382 − 338.14)
𝑚 = 1.70 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
Then;

𝑄𝐴 = 1.70 (338.14 − 248.15)

𝑄𝐴 = 153 𝑘𝑊
Thus ;
𝑄𝐴 = 𝟒𝟑. 𝟓𝟐 𝒕𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

4. Liquid ammonia at a temperature of 26 ˚C is available at the expansion valve. The

temperature of the vaporizing ammonia in the evaporator is 2 ˚C. Find the percentage of
liquid vaporized while flowing through the expansion valve.

Temperature ˚C Abs. Pressure kpa Enthalpy, Kj/kg

ℎ𝑓 ℎ𝑓𝑔 ℎ𝑔

2 462.49 190.4 1255.2 1445.6

26 1033.97 303.6 1162.0 1465.6

A. 9.02 C. 91.08
B. 90.98 D. 8.92
SOLUTION
ℎ3 = ℎ4

ℎ3 = ( ℎ𝑓 + × ℎ𝑓𝑔 )4

303.6 = 190.4 + × (1255.2)

× = 𝟗. 𝟎𝟐 %

5. A Freon 12 waste water system operating at 5 ˚C suction temperature and a 40 ˚C

condensing temperature has an evaporator load of 5 tons. If the condenser is selected
for a 7 ˚C water temperature rise, how many gpm must be circulated trough the
condenser? The following enthalpies have been found: condenser entrance = 377 kJ/kg,
exit = 238.5 kJ/kg; evaporator entrance = 238.5 kJ/kg, exit = 353.6 kJ/kg.
0 0
0 0
 A. 11.46 C. 10.46

B. 12.46 D. 13.46
SOLUTION
𝑚𝑤 𝑚𝑤
𝑉𝑤 = 𝜌𝑤
=
1 𝑘𝑔/𝑙𝑖

By: heat balance in condenser:

𝑚(ℎ2 − ℎ3 ) = 𝑚𝑤 𝐶𝑝𝑤 Δ𝑡𝑤

𝑚(377 − 238.5) = 𝑚𝑤 (4.187)(7)

Solving for m:
𝑄𝐴 = 𝑚(ℎ1 − ℎ4 )
5(3.516) = 𝑚(353.6 − 238.5)
𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = 0.153 𝑠

Then;

0.153(377 − 238.5) = 𝑚𝑤 (4.187)(7)

𝑚𝑤 = 0.723 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
Thus;
0.723 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
𝑉𝑤 = 𝑘𝑔 = 0.723 𝑙𝑖./𝑠
1 𝑙𝑖

𝑉𝑤 = 11.46 𝑔𝑎𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑉𝑤 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟔 𝒈𝒑𝒎

6. An ideal vapor compression cycle requires 2.5 kW to power the compressor. You have
found the following data for the cycle: the enthalpy at the condenser entrance = 203
kJ/kg, exit = 55 kJ/kg; evaporator entrance = 55 kJ/kg; exit = 178 kJ/kg. If the mass flow
rate of the refrigerant is 0.10 kg/s, then the coefficient of performance of this refrigerant
cycle is most nearly:

A. 592 C. 5.92
B. 59.2 D. 4.92
SOLUTION

𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝐶𝑂𝑃 =
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

𝑄𝐴
𝐶𝑂𝑃 =
𝑊𝐶

Where:
0 0
𝑄𝐴 = 𝑚(ℎ1 − ℎ4 ) Alternate Solution:
0 0
 ℎ1 −ℎ4
= 0.10(178 − 55) 𝐶𝑂𝑃 =
ℎ2 −ℎ1

178−55
= 12.30 𝑘𝑊 =203−178

Thus; thus;
12.30
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 𝟒. 𝟗𝟐%
2.5

𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 𝟒. 𝟗𝟐

7. A San Miguel Corporation processing plant that requires cooling of 120 gpm of water
from 15.6 ˚C to 10 ˚C, assume that the cooler heat transfer surface area will enable a 5.5.
˚C differential between the chilled water leaving the cooler and the R-12 evaporating
temperature. Also assume that the condenser heat transfer surface area will enable out
and R-12 condensing temperature. Water be available for the condensing medium at
29.4 ˚C inlet and 35 ˚C outlet. Assume no liquid subcooling or suction gas superheating.
Find the tons of refrigeration.

A. 50.49 C. 60.49

B. 40.49 D. 55.49
SOLUTION
𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 𝑚 𝐶𝜌 ∆𝑡

Where;
𝑔𝑎𝑙 3.785 𝑙𝑖 1𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑉 = (120 min) ( 1 𝑔𝑎𝑙
)( )
60 𝑠

𝑉 = 7.57 𝑙𝑖/𝑠
𝑙𝑖 𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = 𝑉𝜌 = (7.57 𝑠 ) (1 𝑙𝑖
)

𝑚 = 7.57 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
𝑘𝐽
𝐶𝜌 = 4.187
𝑘𝑔−𝐾

∆𝑡 = 15.6 − 10 = 5.6
Thus;

𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 7.57(4.187)(5.6)

= 177.51 𝑘𝑊

𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 𝟓𝟎. 𝟓 𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒓𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

8. An air conditioning plant wit a capacity of 400 kW of refrigeration has an evaporating and
condensing temperature of 3℃ and 37℃ respectively. If it uses Refrigerant 12, what
volumetric rate of flow under suction condition?

0 0
A. 0.172 𝑚3 /𝑠 C. 0.164 𝑚3 /𝑠
0 0
 B. 0.281 𝑚3 /𝑠 D. 0.274 𝑚3 /𝑠
SOLUTION

From R-12 tables

At 3℃

ℎ1 = ℎ𝑔 𝑎𝑡 3℃
ℎ1 = 352.755 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑉1 = 50.47 𝑙𝑖./𝑘𝑔

ℎ3 = ℎ4 = 235.503 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
ℎ𝑓 = 202.780 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑄𝐴 = 𝑚(ℎ1 − ℎ4 )

400 = 𝑚(352.755 − 235.503)

𝑚 = 3.411 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
Then;
𝑉1 = 𝑚𝑣1 = 3.411(50.47) = 172 𝐿𝑖/𝑠

𝑉1 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝟐𝒎𝟑/𝒔

9. Magnolia Dairy products plant must cool 4000 gallons of fresh milk receive d from the
farm per day from an initial temperature of 80℉ to a temperature of 38℉ in 5 hours. If
the density of milk is 8.6 lb/gal, specific gravity is 1.03 and specific heat is 0.935, what
must be the capacity of the refrigerating machine in tons?

A. 12.515 C. 32.515

B. 22.515 D. 16.515
SOLUTION
𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑚 𝐶𝜌 ∆𝑡

Where;
4000𝑔𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑏𝑠
𝑚=( 5ℎ𝑟𝑠
) (8.6 )
𝑔𝑎𝑙

𝑚 = 6880 𝑙𝑏/ℎ𝑟
𝐶𝜌 = 0.935 𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑙𝑏𝑅

Then;
𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 6880(0.935 )(80 − 38)
𝐵𝑡𝑢 1𝑇𝑂𝑅
= 2770,177 .60 ℎ𝑟 ( 𝐵𝑡𝑢 )
12000
ℎ𝑟

𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑦 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟓𝟏𝟓 𝑻𝑶𝑹

0 0
0 0
 10. A creamery must cool 20,000 liters of milk received each day from initial temperature of
29℃ to a final temperature of 2℃ in 5 hours. If refrigerating losses amount to 10 percent
of the cooling load, what must be the capacity of the refrigerating machine?
Note: Specific heat of milk if 3.9 kJ/kg-K and S.G.= 1.05.

A. 38.5 TOR C. 37.5 TOR

B. 36.5 TOR D. 39.5 TOR

SOLUTION
The total Refrigeration Capacity with 10% refrigeration losses:
𝑄𝑇 = 1.10

= 1.10𝑚𝐶𝜌 ∆𝑡

Where;
𝑚=𝑉𝜌
20,000𝐿𝑖. 𝑘𝑔
= [5(3600)𝑠] (1.05 )
𝐿𝑖

= 1.17 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
Then;

𝑄𝑇 = 1.10[1.17(3.9)(29 − 2)]
= 135.52 𝑘𝑊
𝑄𝑇 = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟓𝟒 𝑻𝑶𝑹

11. How many tons of refrigeration required to produce 10 metric tons of ice per day at -
10℃ from raw water at 22℃ if miscellaneous losses are 15% of the chilling and freezing
load?

A. 17 TOR C. 15 TOR

B. 20 TOR D. 24 TOR
SOLUTION
Phase change of water transformed into ice:

0 0
𝑄𝑇 = 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄3
0 0
 Where;

𝑄1 = 𝑚𝑤 𝐶𝜌𝑤 ∆𝑡𝑤

10,000 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄1 = (24(3600)𝑠)(4.187 )(22 − 0)℃
𝑘𝑔℃
𝑄1 = 10.66 𝑘𝐽/𝑠

𝑄2 = 𝑚𝑖 𝐿𝑓
10,000𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄2 = (24(3600)𝑠)(335 )
𝑘𝑔

𝑄2 = 38.773𝑘𝑊

𝑄3 = 𝑚𝑖 𝐶𝜌𝑖 ∆𝑡𝑖
10,000 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄3 = (24(3600)𝑠)(2.098 )(0 + 10)℃
𝑘𝑔℃

𝑄3 = 2.428 𝑘𝑊

𝑄𝐿 = 0.15 (10.659 + 38.773 + 2.428)

𝑄𝐿 = 7.779 𝑘𝑊
𝑄𝑇 = 10.66 + 38.773 + 2.428 + 7.779
Thus;
𝑄𝑇 = 59.64 𝑘𝑊 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟗𝟔𝟐 𝑻𝑶𝑹

12. Five hundred kilograms of poultry enter a chiller at 8℃ and are frozen and chilled to a
final temperature of -18℃ for storage in 15 hours. The specific heat above and below
freezing are 3.18 kJ/kg℃ and 1.55 kJ/kg℃ respectively. The latent heat is 246 kJ/kg and
the freezing temperature is -5℃. Compute the product load.

A. 2.75 kW C. 2.95 kW
B. 2.85 kW D. 3.15 kW

SOLUTION
𝑄𝑇 = 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄3
Where;
500 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄1 = ( )(3.18 )(8 + 5)℃
15(3600)𝑠 𝑘𝑔℃

𝑄1 = 0.38 𝑘𝑊

500 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄2 = (15(3600)𝑠)(246 )
𝑘𝑔
0 0
𝑄2 = 2.28 𝑘𝑊
0 0
 500 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄3 = (15(3600)𝑠)(1.55 )(−5 + 18)℃
𝑘𝑔℃

𝑄3 = 0.19 𝑘𝑊
Thus;
𝑄𝑇 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟓 𝒌𝑾

13. Compute the heat to be removed from 110 kg of lean beef if it were to be cooled from
20℃ to 4℃, after which is frozen and cooled to -18℃. Specific heat of beef above
freezing is given as 3.23 kJ/kg ℃ and below freezing is 1.68 kJ/kg℃, freezing point is -2.2
℃, and latent heat of fusion is 223 kJ/kg.

A. 40,319 kJ C. 36,438 kJ
B. 37,438 kJ D. 42,329 kJ
SOLUTION
𝑄𝑇 = 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄3
Where;
𝑘𝐽
𝑄1 = (110 𝑘𝑔)(3.23 )(20 + 2.2)℃
𝑘𝑔℃

𝑄1 = 7,887.66 𝑘𝐽

𝑘𝐽
𝑄2 = (110 𝑘𝑔)(233𝑘𝑔)

𝑄2 = 25,630 𝑘𝐽

𝑘𝐽
𝑄3 = (110 𝑘𝑔)(1.68 )(−2.2 + 18)℃
𝑘𝑔℃

𝑄3 = 2919.84 𝑘𝐽
Thus;
𝑄𝑇 = 𝟑𝟔, 𝟒𝟑𝟕. 𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑱

14. An ice plant produces 20 tons of ice per day at -15℃ from water at 25℃. If miscellaneous
losses are 12% of the freezing and chilling load, calculate the refrigeration capacity of the
plant in tons of refrigeration
0 0
0 0
 A. 40,319 kJ C. 36,438 kJ

B. 37,438 kJ D. 42,329 kJ
SOLUTION
𝑄𝑇 = 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄3 + 𝑄𝐿𝑂𝑆𝑆
Where:
20(907)𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄1 = (24(3600)𝑠 )(4.187 𝑘𝑔℃)(25 − 0)℃

𝑄1 = 21 .98 𝑘𝑊

20(907) 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄2 = ( 24(3600)𝑠 )(335 )
𝑘𝑔

𝑄2 = 70.33 𝑘𝑊

20(907)𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄3 = (24(3600)𝑠 )(2.09 𝑘𝑔℃)(0 + 15)℃

𝑄3 = 6.58

𝑄𝐿𝑂𝑆𝑆 = 0.12 + (21.98 + 70.33 + 6.85)

𝑄𝐿𝑂𝑆𝑆 = 11.87 𝑘𝑊
Thus;
𝑄𝐿𝑂𝑆𝑆 = 110.76𝑘𝑊 = 𝟑𝟏. 𝟓𝟎 𝑻𝑶𝑹

15. Fish weighing 11,000 kg with a temperature of 20℃ is brought to a cold storage and
which shall be cooled to -10℃ in 11 hours. Find the required plant refrigerating capacity
in tons of refrigeration if the specific heat of fish is 0.7 kCal/kg℃ below the freezing point
which is -3℃. The latent heat of freezing is 55.5 kCal/kg.

A. 25.26 C. 14.38
B. 15.26 D. 24.38

SOLUTION
𝑄𝑇 = 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄3
Where;
11,000 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙
𝑄1 = (11(3600)𝑠)(0.7 )(20 + 3)℃
𝑘𝑔℃

𝑄1 = 4.47 𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙/𝑠
11,000 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙
𝑄2 = ( )(55.5 )
11(3600)𝑠 𝑘𝑔

𝑄2 = 15 .42 𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙/𝑠
0 0
0 0
 11,000 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙
𝑄3 = (11(3600)𝑠)(0.3 )(−3 + 10)℃
𝑘𝑔℃

𝑄3 = 0.58 𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙/𝑠
Then;
𝑘𝐶𝑎𝑙
𝑄𝑇 = 20.47 = 85.71 𝑘𝑊
𝑠

Thus;
𝑄𝑇 = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟑𝟖 𝑻𝑶𝑹

16. Mass of ice -4℃ is needed to cool kg of vegetables in a bunker for 24 hours. The initial
temperature of vegetables is assumed to be 30℃. It is also assumed that the average
temperature inside the bunker is 7℃ within 24 hour period. If the gained per hour in the
bunker is 30% to 7℃, what would be the required mass of ice?
Note: Specific heat of ice = 1.935 kJ/kg-K

Specific heat of vegetables = 3.35 kJ/kg-K

Specific heat of water = 4.186 kJ/kg-K
Specific fusion of ice = 335 kJ/kg-K

A. 23.82 kg C. 29.54 kg

B. 26.57 kg D. 37.48 kg
SOLUTION
𝑄𝑇 = 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄3
Where;
Heat needed to melt ice from -4℃ to water at 7℃:
𝑚 𝑘𝐽 7.74𝑚
𝑄1 = [24(3600)𝑠] [1.935 𝑘𝑔℃] (0 + 4)℃ =
86400

335𝑚 𝑘𝐽 335𝑚
𝑄1 = [ 24(3600)𝑠] 𝑘𝑔.𝑠 =
86400

𝑚 𝑘𝐽
𝑄3 = [ ] [4.186 𝑘𝑔℃] (7 − 0)℃
24(3600)𝑠

29.30𝑚 𝑘𝐽 29.3𝑚
𝑄3 = [24(3600)𝑠] 𝑘𝑔.𝑠 = 86400

372.04𝑚 𝑘𝑊
𝑄𝑇 =
86400 𝑘𝑔

Heat gained by vegetables:

115 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄𝑣 = [24(3600)𝑠] [3.35 ] (30 − 7)℃
𝑘𝑔℃
0 0
𝑄𝑣 = 0.1026 𝑘𝑊
0 0
 𝑄4 = 199,104 𝑊 = 199.104 𝑘𝑊
From ground to -6℃, 𝑄5 = (0.3402)[61(30)](10 + 6)
𝑄5 = 9,961 𝑊 = 9. 961 𝑘𝑊
Then; the total capacity (𝑄𝑇 ) is:

𝑄𝑇 = 15.96 + 127.72 + 4.80 + 199 .104 + 9.961

𝑄𝑇 = 357.545 𝑘𝑊
Thus;
𝑄𝑇 = 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟔𝟗 𝑻𝑶𝑹

19. A 95 tons refrigeration system has a compressor power of 90 Hp. Find the coefficient of
performance, COP.

A. 3.85 C. 3.77
B. 4.97 D. 1.99
0 0
SOLUTION
 𝑅𝐸
𝐶𝑂𝑃 =
𝑊𝑐

Where;
𝑅𝐸 = 95 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 = 334.02 𝑘𝑊
𝑊𝐶 = 90 𝐻𝑝 = 67.14 𝑘𝑊
Thus;
334.02
𝐶𝑂𝑃 =
67.14

𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 𝟒. 𝟗𝟕

20. A refrigeration system operates on the reversed Carnot cycle. The minimum and
maximum temperatures are -25℃ and 72℃, respectively. If the heat rejected at the
condenser is 6000 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛 , find the power input required.

A. 1 666.38 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛 C. 1 686.83 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛

B. 1 888.38 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛 D. 1 866.83 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛

SOLUTION
𝑊 = (𝑇2 + 𝑇1 ) ∆𝑆

Where;
𝑇2 = 72 + 273 = 345 𝐾

𝑇1 = −25 + 273 = 248 𝐾

Solving for ∆𝑆:

0 0
 𝑄𝑅 6000
∆𝑆 = 𝑇2
=
345

𝑘𝐽
∆𝑆 = 17.39
𝑚𝑖𝑛−𝐾

Thus;
𝑊 = (345 − 248)(17.39)
𝑊 = 𝟏 𝟔𝟖𝟔. 𝟖𝟑 𝒌𝑱/𝒎𝒊𝒏

21. In 𝐶𝑂2 refrigerating plant, the specific enthalpy of the refrigerant as it leaves the
condenser is 135 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 and as it leaves the evaporator it is 320 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔. If the mass flow
of the refrigerant is 5 𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑖𝑛, calculate the refrigerating effect per hour.

A. 55 500 𝑘𝐽/ℎ𝑟 C. 65 500 𝑘𝐽/ℎ𝑟

B. 35 500 𝑘𝐽/ℎ𝑟 D. 45 500 𝑘𝐽/ℎ𝑟

SOLUTION
𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚(ℎ1 −ℎ4 )
Where;
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = 5 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 300 ℎ𝑟

ℎ1 = 320 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽
ℎ2 = 135 𝑘𝑔

Thus;
𝑅𝐸 = 300 (320 − 135)
𝑅𝐸 = 𝟓𝟓 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑱/𝒉𝒓

22. A refrigerant is 2m high, 1.2 m wide

0 and
0 1 m deep. The over all-heat transfer coefficient
2
is 0.532 𝑊/𝑚 ℃. How many kilograms of 0℃ ice will melt per hour if the inside
temperature is maintained at 10℃ while the surrounding air temperature is at 35℃?
 A. 1.60 kg C. 2.60 kg

B. 1.80 kg D. 2.80 kg
SOLUTION
𝑄 = 𝑚𝐿𝑓

Solving for Q:
𝑄 = 𝑈 𝐴 ∆𝑡
Where;

𝐴 = 2[2(1.2) + 1.2(1) + 2(1)]

0 0

𝐴 = 11.2 𝑚2
 𝑤
𝑄 = (0.532
𝑚2 ℃
)(11.2𝑚2 )(35 − 10)℃

𝑄 = 148.96 𝑊 = 0.14896 𝑘𝑊
Then;
0.14896 = 𝑚(335 )
𝑚 = 4.4466 × 10−4 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
Thus; ice melted per hour is :
𝑚 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒉𝒓

23. The power requirement of a Carnot refrigeration in maintaining a low temperature

region at 300 K is 1.5 kW per ton. Find the heat rejected.

A. 4.02 kW C. 5.02 kW
B. 7.02 kW D. 6.02 kW

SOLUTION
𝑄𝑅 = 𝑇2 ∆𝑆
Where:
𝑇1
𝑇2 = = 𝑇1
𝐶𝑂𝑃

Solving for COP:

𝑄𝐴 3.156 𝑘𝑊
𝐶𝑂𝑃 = = 1.5 𝑘𝑊
𝑊𝐶

𝐶𝑂𝑃 = 2.34
Then;
300
𝑇2 = + 300
2.34

𝑇2 = 427 .99 𝐾
𝑊𝐶 1.5
∆𝑆 = =
𝑇2 −𝑇1 427.99−300

𝑘𝑊
∆𝑆 = 0.012
𝐾

Thus;
𝑄𝑅 = (427.99 )(0.012)
𝑄𝑅 = 𝟓. 𝟎𝟐 𝒌𝑾

0 0
 24. A simple saturated refrigeration cycle for R-12 system operates at an evaporating
temperature of -5℃ and a condensing temperature of 40℃. Determine the volume flow
rate for a refrigerant capacity of 1 kW.
Properties of R-12:
At -5℃, ℎ1 = ℎ𝑔 = 349.3 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

𝑣1 = 𝑣𝑔 = 0.06496 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔
At 40℃, ℎ3 = ℎ𝑓 = 238.5 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

𝑚3 𝑚3
A. 0.0005866 𝑠
C. 0.005865 𝑠

𝑚3 𝑚3
B. 0.005866 𝑠 0 0 D. 0.00005866 𝑠

SOLUTION
 𝑚 = 𝑚 𝑣1
Solving for m:
𝑄𝐴
𝑚=
ℎ1 −ℎ4

1 𝑘𝐽/𝑠
𝑚= (349.3−238.5) 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

𝑚 = 0.00903 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
Thus;
𝑉1 = (0.00903)(0.06496 )
𝑉1 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟖𝟔𝟔 𝒎𝟑/𝒔

25. A vapor compression refrigeration system is designed to have a capacity of 150 tons of
refrigeration. It produces chilled water from 22℃ to 2℃. Its actual of performance is
5.86 and 35% of the power supplied to the compressor is lost in the form of friction and
cylinder cooling losses. Determine the condenser cooling water required for a
temperature rise of 10℃.

A. 14.75 kg/s C. 18.65 kg/s

B. 15.65 kg/s D. 13.75 kg/s

SOLUTION

By Energy Balance:
𝑄𝑅 = 𝑊𝐶 + 𝑅𝐸 = 𝑚𝑤 𝐶𝑤 ∆𝑡𝑤
Where:
𝑅𝐸 = 150(3.516)
𝑅𝐸 = 527.4𝑘𝑊
From:

0 0
 𝑅𝐸
𝐶𝑂𝑃 =
𝑊𝐶

527.4
5.86 =
𝑊𝑐

𝑊𝐶 = 90 𝑘𝑊
Then;
𝑄𝑅 = 527 .4 + 90 = 617 .4
617.4 = 𝑚𝑤 𝐶𝜌𝑤∆𝑡𝑤

617.4 = 𝑚𝑤 (4.187)(10)
Thus;
𝑚𝑤 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝒈/𝒔

26. An air conditioning system of a high rise building has a capacity of 350 kW of
refrigeration, uses R-12. The evaporating and condensing temperatures are 0 ℃ and
35℃ respectively. Determine the mass of refrigerant 12 circulated per second.
Properties of R-12:
At 0℃: At 35 ℃:
𝑚3
𝑉𝑔 = 0.05539 𝑘𝑔 ℎ𝑓 = 233.5 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

𝑘𝐽
ℎ𝑓 = 200𝑘𝑔

ℎ𝑔 = 351 .48 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

0 0
A. 2.97 kg/s C. 4.57 kg/s
B. 3.57 kg/s D. 1.97 kg/s