CRASH COURSE

XI-Chemistry
 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Introduction, Properties of Matter 9. The correct conversion of the following into basic
and their Measurement units.
1. Which of the following reactions is not correct (i) 28. 7 pm (ii) 15.15 µs (iii) 25365 mg
11
according to the law of conservation of mass? (a)(i)�28.7x 10- m, (ii)� L515x I0-6s,
(a) 2Mg(s) +O 2(g)� 2Mg O(s) (iii)�25365x 10- 3 kg
(b)C 3 H 8(g) +0 2(g)�C 0 2(g) +H 2 0(g) (b)(i)�2.87x 10- 11 m, (ii)�L515x 10- 5 s,
(c)P4 (s) +50 2 (g )--+P4 0 10 (s)
(iii)� 2 .5365x I 0- 2 kg
(d)C H 4(g)+20 2(g)--+C O 2(g)+2H 2 0(g)
(c)(i)� 2.87x 10- 1 0 m, (ii)�1515x 10- 5 s,
2. The unit (JP a -I) is equivalent to
(iii)� 2.5365x 10-3 kg
(a) m 3 (b)cm- 3 -
(c)dm 3 (d)None of these (d)(i) � 2.87x 10- 1 0 m, (ii)� L5 l 5x 10 6 s,

3. Mark the conversion factor which is not correct. (iii)� 2.5365x 10- 2 kg
(a) 1inch=254 cm
(b) 1 Litre=10-3 m 3
Laws of Chemical Combinations
(c) 1 m= 3.937 inches 10. One part of an element A combines with two parts of
(d) 1 atm= 101325x 105 Pa B(another element). Six parts of element C combine
with four parts of element (B). If A and C combine
4. The prefix femto stands for together, the ratio of their masses will be governed by
(a) 109 (b) 10-12 (a) law of definite proportions
15
(c) 10- (d) 105 (b) law of multiple proportions
5. Consider the following units of energy, (c) law of reciprocal proportions
A : 1 L atm, B : 1 erg, C: 1 J, D: l kcal, increasing (d) law of conservations of mass
order of these values is 11. In the reaction, N 2 +3H 2 �2NH 3, the ratio of
(a)A=B=C=D (b)A<B<C<D
volumes of nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia is
(c)B<C<A<D (d)D<A <C <B 1 : 3 : 2. These ratio illustrate by the law of
6. 18. 72 g of a substance X occupies 1.81 cm 3• (a) constant properties (b) Gay-Lussac
What will be its density measured in correct (c) multiple proportions (d) reciprocal proportions
significant figures? 1'. Which of the following formulae expresses the law
(a) 10.3 g/cm 3 (b) 10.34 g/cm 3 of equivalent correctly?
(c) 10.4 g/cm 3 (d) 10.3425 g/cm 3
(a) -mt -- E2 (b) E1 E2 =m1m2
7. Few quantities with their units are given below. 2m E1
Mark the unit which is not correctly converted?
(a) 1 km=l 06 mm 13. Which one of the following will have largest
(b) 1 mg= 10 kg
-6 number of atoms?
(a) l gAu(s) (b) 1 g Na(s)
(c) I mg=1010 ng
(c) I g Li (s) (d) 1 g ofC12(g)
(d) I mL=10-3dm 3 14. In SO 2 and SO 3 , the ratio of masses of oxygen that
B. A jug contains 5 L of milk. Calculate the volume of combine with a fixed mass of sulphur 2 : 3. Thus, in
milk (in m 3). an example of the law of
(a) Sx 10-3 (b) 5x 103 (a) constant proportion (b) multiple proportion
(c) Sx 10000 (d) Sx 105 (c) reciprocal proportion (d) conservation of mass
Atomic Masses, Molecular Masses 24. The same amount ofa metal combines with 0.200 g
and Equivalent Weight ofoxygen and with 3.17 g ofhalogen. Hence,
. equivalent mass ofhalogen is
15. Number ofatoms ofHe in 100 u ofHe (atomic (a) 127 g (b) 80 g
weight ofHe is 4) are (c) 35.5 g (d) 9 g
(a) 25 atoms (b) 100 atoms
(c) 50 atoms (d) l OOx 6x l 0-23 atoms 25. In the combustion of 5 g ofa metal, 9.44 g ofmetal
oxide are formed. Hence, equivalent mass ofthe
16. The molecular mass ofa compound (X) if its metal is
3.0115 x 109 molecules weigh I .Ox 10-12 g is (a) 4.44 g (b) 9.00 g
(a) 150 g (b) 200 g (c) 5.00 g (d) 2.22 g
(c) 630 g (d} 500 g
Mole Concept and Molar Mass
17. A divalent metal has 12 equivalent weight.
26. At a given temperature, l mole 0 2 occupy 20dm of
3
The molecular weight ofits oxide is
(a) 16 g (b) 32 g volume. Thus, volume occupied by I equivalent of
0 2 is
(c) 40 g (d) 52 g
(a) 20dm 3 (b) !Odm 3
11. A metal oxide contains 20% oxygen by weight. (d} 5.0dm 3
(c) 25dm 3
Equivalent weight ofmetal is
(a) 32 (b) 40 21 . To make O.Ql mole, which ofthe following bas
(c) 64 (d) 72 maximum mass?
(a) Sodium bicarbonate (b) Sodium carbonate
ff. 74.5 g ofa metallic chloride contain 35.5 g of
chlorine. The equivalent weight ofthe metal is (c) Sodium sulphate (d) Sodium oxalate
(a) 19.5 (b) 35.5 28. The mass of 11.2 L ofammonia gas at STP is
(c) 39.0 (d) 78.0 (a) 8.5 g (b) 85 g
20. Equivalent mass of a metal is 12 g mol- • Hence,
1 (c) 17 g (d) 4.25 g
equivalent mass of its oxide is 24
29. The number ofgram atoms ofoxygen in 6.02 x 10
(a) 24 g mol- 1 (b) 28 g mol- 1 CO molecules is
(c) 20 g mol- 1 (d) 34 g mol- 1 (a) l (b) 0.5 (c) 5 · (d) 10
21. lo the standardisation ofN 2S 2O 3 using K 2Cr 2O 7 by 30. Mass ofthe solution of 1 molal glucose solution to
iodometry, the equivalent weight of K 2Cr 2O 7 is get 0.2 mole of glucose is
molecular weight (a) 200 g (b) 300 g
(a)
2 (c) 236 g (d) 108 g
molecular weight 31. Number ofatoms in 12 g l1Mg is equal to
(b)
6
(a) oxygen atoms in 11 g CO 2
molecular weight
(c) (b) hydrogen atoms in 4 g CH4
3
(c) nitrogen atoms in 46 g N 2 04
(d) same as molecular weight (d) sulphur atoms in 79 g Na 2S 2 0 3
22. The oxide ofan element contains 67.67% ofoxygen. 32. The number ofCl- ions present in 222 g anhydrous
Equivalent weight ofthe element is CaC12 is
(a) 2.46 g (b) 3.82 g
(a) 12 X 1022 (b) 6.023 X I 023
(c) 4.36 g (d) 4.96 g
(c) 2.63 X 1022 (d) 2.409 X 1024
23. Sulphur forms the chloric!es S 2Cl 2 and SC12 ; the
equivalent mass oftbe sulphur inSC12 is 16 g equiv- 1• 33. By heating 10 g CaCO 3 , 5.6 g CaO is formed. The
Thus, equivalent mass ofthe sulphur in S 2 Cl 2 is weight ofCO 2 obtained in this reaction is
(a) 8 g equivalenC 1 (b) 16 g equivalenC 1 (a) 2.4 g (b) 5.6 g
(c) 32 g equivalent-1 (d) 64 g equivalenC 1 (c) 4.4 g (d) 3.6 g
 Exercise 2 : Chapter Challengers
1. Ifthe density ofmethanol is 0.8 kg L- 1, what is its 9. Which ofthe following sets ofcompounds correctly
volume needed for making 4 L ofits 0.25 M illustrate the law ofreciprocal proportions?
solution? (a) P20 3 ,PH 3 , H 20 (b) P205 ,PH 3 ,H 20
(a) 4 mL (b) 8 mL (c) N20 5 ,NH 3 ,H 20 (d) N20,NH 3 ,H20
(c) 40 mL (d) 80 mL
10. 3.011 x10 23 atoms ofan element weights 1.15 g. The
2. The yapour density ofa gas is 11.2. The volume atomic mass ofthe element is
occupied qy one gram ofthe gas at STP is (a) 23 (b) 10
(a) 1.0 L (b) I 1.2 L (c) 16 (d) 35.5
(c) 22.4 L (d} None ofthese
11. Rearrange the following (I to IV) in the order of
3. 20.0 kg ofN 2 (g)and 3.0 kg ofH 2 (g )are mixed to increasing masses and choose the correct answer
produce NH 3 (g). The amount ofNH 3 (g) formed is (atomic mass; 0 = 16, Cu = 63, N= 14)
(a) 17 kg (b) 34 kg I. 1 molecule ofoxygen.
(c) 20 kg (d) 3 kg II. 1 atom ofnitrogen.
4. The total number ofelectrons in 18 mL ofwater III. 1 x10-10 g molecular weight of oxygen.
(density= l g mL- 1) IV. 1 x10-10 g atomic weight ofcopper.
(a) 6.023x1025 (b) 6.023X 1024 (a) II<I<III<IV (b) fV <I1I<II<I
(c) 6.023x18x1023 (d) 6.023x1023 (c) II<III<I<fV (d) ill<IV<I<II
5. In the synthesis ofammonia, 12. Calculate the number ofmoles ofcarbon atoms in
N 2 (g)+3H 2 �2NH 3 (g) three moles ofethane (C 2 H 6 )?
(a)6 (b)18
Ifthe quantity ofN 2 reacted is 700 mL, the quantity
(c)9 (d)12
ofH 2 and NH 3 would be
(a) 300 mL H 2 and 200 mL NH 3 13. What is the mass ofone molecule of yellow
(b) 300 mL H 2 and 300 mL NH 3 phosphorus? (Atomic mass, P = 30)
(c) 300 mL H 2 and 100 mL NH3 (a) L993x10-22 mg (b) l.993x10- 19 mg
20
(d) 100 mL H 2 and 200 mL NH 3 (c) 4.983x10- mg (d) 4.983x10-23 mg
6. Number ofmolecules in 1 L ofwater is close to 14. The weight of 112 mL of oxygen at NTP is
(a) .J!..x1023 (b) 55. 5x6.023x10 23 (a) 0.64 g02 (b) 0.96 g02
22.4 (c) 0.32 g02 (d) 0.16 g02
6 .023 15. What is the atomic weight ofan element X for
(c) xl0 23 (d) 18x 6 . 023x10 23
23. 4 which a sample containing 1.58 x 10 22 atoms weight
7. Calculate the number ofmoles in 1.46 metric ton of 1.05 g?
Al ? (1 metric ton = 10 3 kg) (a) 28 g (b) 20 g (c) 40 g (d) 23 g
(a)l97x10-4 (b)l89x10-4 16. The mass of112 cm 3 ofCH 4 gas at STP is
(c)5.41x10 4 (d)L92x10-6 c,) 0.16 g Cb> o.8 g
8. Stoichiometric ratio of sodium dihydrogen (c) 0.08 g (d) 1.6 g
orthophosphate and sodium hydrogen orthophosphate 17. Calculate the total no. ofmolecules present in 1.6 g of
·'' required for synthesis ofNa P 0 is
5 3 10 methane.
(a) 1.5 : 3 (b) 3 : 1.5 (a)6.022x1022 (b)6.022x1025
(c) 1 : 1 (d) 2 : 3 (c)l7Ix1024 (d)L71x10 26
18. Air contains 20% 0 2 by volume . How much volume 24. The number ofsodium atoms in 2 moles ofsodium
ofair will be required for combustion of l 00 cc of ferrocyanide is
acetylene ? (a) 12x 1023 (b) 26x 1023
(a) 500 cc (b) 1064 cc · (c) 34x 1023 (d) 48xl 023
(c) 212.8 cc (d) 1250 cc
25. The system that contains the maximum number of
19. How many moles ofmagnesium phosphate, atoms is
Mg 3 (PO 4 ) i will contain 0.25 moles ofoxygen (a) 4.25 g ofNH 3 (b) 8 g ofO 2
atoms? (c) 2 g ofH 2 (d) 4 g ofHe
(a) 0.02 (b) 3.125x 10-2
26. 102 1 molecules are removed from 200 mg ofCO 2•
(c) U5x 10-2 (d) 2.5 X 10- 2
The moles ofCO 2 left are
20. The number ofNa atoms in 46 g Na (Atomic weight (a) 288x 10-3 (b) 28.8x 10- 3
ofNa =23) is (c) 288x 10-3
(d) 28.8x 103
(a) 6.023x 1023 (b) 2
21. One mole ofCH 4 contains
(c) 1 (d) I 2046x 1023
(a) 4 g atoms ofhydrogen
21. What will be the molality ofthe solution made by
(b) 3.0 g atoms ofcarbon
dissolving l 0g ofNaOH in 100 g ofwater ?
(c) 6. 02x 1023 atoms ofhydrogen
(a) 2.5 m (b) 5 m
(d) l8l x 1023 molecules ofCH4
(c) 10 m (d) 1.25 m
22. The number ofmoles of 21. The oxygen obtained from 72 kg ofwater is
(NH 4 ) i SO 4 Fe 2 (SO 4 h ·24 H 2Oformed from a (a) 72 kg
sample containing 0.0056 g ofFe is (b) 46 kg
(a) 10:....i mo!
-
(b) 0.5x 10 4 mol (c) 50 kg
(c) 2x 10 mol
-4 -
(d) 0.33x 10 4 mol (d) 64 kg
29. For 14 g of CO, the incorrect statement is
23. What volume ofwater is to be added to 100cm 3 of
(a) it occupies 2.24 Lat NTP
0.5 M NaOH solution to make it 0.1 M solution ?
(b) it corresponds to 1/2 mole ofCO
(a) 200cm 3 (b) 400cm 3
(c) it corresponds to same mole of CO and nitrogen gas
(c) 500cm 3
(d) l00cm 3
(d) it corresponds to 3.0l x 1023 molecules of CO

. Exercise 3 : Exam Excerpts

• I

·- - .. . - !.
1. What is the difference in molar mass ofpropene and 4. What will be the formula ofan oxide ofiodine
the product obtained when propene reacts with (atomic mass= 127) which contains 25.4 g ofiodine
excess dihydrogen in presence ofPd at room and 8g ofoxygen? (2021)
temperature ? (2023) (a) 1 2 0 (b) 1 0
2 3
(a) 2 gram mole "(b) I gram mole
(c) 1 2 0 5 (d) 1 2 0 7
(c) 0.5 gram mole (d) 4.0 gram mole
2. What is the number ofmolecules present in 0.1 kg 5. "A given compound always contains exactly the
same proportion ofelements by weight" is a
ofNaOH ? (Molar mass ofNaOH = 40 g mo1-1)
statement of ......... . (2021)
(a) 6.022x 1024 (b) l5055x 1024 (2023)
25 23 (a) law ofcombining volumes of gases
(c) 6.022x 10 (d) l5055x 10
(b) law ofconservation ofmass
3. What is the amount ofwater formed by combustion (c) law ofmultiple proportion
of 1.6g methane? (2022)
(d) law ofdefinite proportion
(a) 3.6 g (b) 3.2 g (c) 16 g (d) 6.2 g
 I. What will be the volume of oxygen gas produced, if 10. Boron has two isotopes with atomic masses IO and
the reaction 11 . If its average atomic mass is I 0.81, the
2KC1O 3 (s)----+ 2KC1(s)+ 30 2 (g), 6..H 0 = -7 8 kJ is abundance of lighter isotope is . . . . . . . . . . [2019)
carried out at STP? [2020) (a)20% (b)81%
(a)44.8 L (b)48.0 L (c) 67.2 L (d) 22.4 L (c)19% (d)80%
7. Which among the following elements has highest 11. Which symbol replaces the unit of atomic mass,
number of atoms in 1 g each? (2020) amu? [2018)
(a)u (b)A
(At. no. : Au= 197, Na= 23, C u= 63 .5, Fe= 56)
(c)M (d)n
(a) Fe(s) (b)Au(s) (c) Na(s) (d)Cu(s)
fZ. What is the SI unit of density ? (2018)
I. The number of molecules present in 100 mL of
water is (Given, density of water= l glee) [2019) (a)g cm-3 (b)g m-3
(a)33.45x 10 23
(b)3.345x 10 23 (c)kg m- 3 (d)kg cm-3
(c) l083x 10 24 (d) L083x l0 23 13. What is the quantity of hydrogen gas liberated when
46 g sodium reacts with excess ethanol?
9. The volume of l mole of any pure gas at standard
(Given atomic mass of Na= 23) [2017)
temperature and pressure is always equal to (2019)
(a)2.4 X 10-J kg (b)2.0 X lO-J kg
(a)22414 m 3 (b)0022414 m 3
(c)4.0 X J0-3 kg (d) 2.4 X l0-2 kg
(c) 22414 m 3 (d) 022414 m 3

_. ., . Score Yourself
l. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (c)
Exercise 1 11. {b) 12. (c) 13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (a) 16. (c) 17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (c)
Topic Masters 21. (b) 22. {b) 23. (c) 24. (a) 25. (b) 26. (d) 27. (c) 28. (a) 29. (d) 30. (c)
31. (a) 32. (d) 33. (c)

I. (c) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (a)
Exercise 2 11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (c) 16. (c) 17. (a) 18. (d) 19. (b) 20. (d)
Chapter Challengers
I 21. (a) •22. (b) 23. (b) 24. (d) 25. (c) 26. (a) 27. (a) 28. (d) 29. (a)

Exercise 3 I. (a) 2. {b) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (c)
Exam Excerpts 11. (a) 12. (c) 13. (b)
 __ __ _ • * _ S�pport Section . . . ·
Exercise 1 : Topic Masters 10. (c) The ratio ofgiven masses will be governed by law of
reciprocal proportions.
1. (b) In this equation,
C3H8(g)+ 02(g)--+ C0 2 (g)+ Hp(g)
11. (b)
The ratio ofvolumes ofnitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia is
i.e. Mass of reactants Mass o( products. I: 3 : 2. These ratio illustrate the law ofGay-Lussac.
44g 32g 44 g 18 g
*
Hence,, law �f conservation ofmass is not followed. 12. (c) The correct formula that expresses the law ofequivalent
_ J _ Work _ N -m _ 3 correctly is
Z. (a) JPa-t--------- m
Pa Preswre N/m2 - m1 E2 =E1 "'2
mass
Thus, unit (JPa-1)is equivalent to m 3 • 13. (c)Number ofmoles= . = moles= xN 0 atom
atoouc mass x
3. (c) Option (c) is incorrect. It's correct form is as follows
Thus, atoms a::---­
I m=39.37 inches atomic mass
4. (c)I Femto=10- 15 L east atomic mass is that oflithium.
Thus, Li have largest number ofatoms.
5. (c) R=0.0821 L atm mot-• K-1
=8.314x10 7 ergs mot-• K-1,
14. (b)It is an example oflaw ofmultiple proportion.

[I K Pa dm 3=10 7 erg or l J =10 7 erg] 15. (a) Mass ofone He-atom=4 u,

4 u =IHe-atom
=8.314 J mot-• K-1 100
100 u =-=25 He-atom
=0.002 kcal mo1-1 K-1=x (Assume) 4
I L atm=-x- =A 11. (b) 3.0115 x 10 molecules ofX =10 -12 g
0.0821
9

10-ll X 6.023 X 10 23
l erg= 6.023 x I 0 23 mo lecules ofX = - 200 g
8.314xl0 7 3.0115xl0 9
x
B

IJ=-x-=C 11. (c) Equivalent weight ofmetal=12

8.314
Equivalent weight of oxygen=8
=> I kcal =-x-=D Equivalent weight ofMO (oxide)with divalent metal=20
0.002
Thus, B < C < A < D. Thus, molecular weight of metal oxide=40
Mass 18.72 g 11. (a)Oxygen=20 g
I. (b) Density= 10.34 g / cm 3
Volume 1.81 cm 3 Metal=80 g
20 g oxygen a 80 g metal
7. (c) The incorrect option is (c). It's correct form is as follows
:. 8 g oxygen E 32 g metal
I mg=10+6 ng
(I mg=10� kg=10 +6 ng) 19. (c)Equivalent weight ofmetal
I. (a) Since, I L=1000 cm 3 and 1 m=100 cm Weight of metal
= X 35.5
Weight ofchlorine combined
�=l=lOO cm
100 cm Im (74 5-35 5)
:. Equivalent weight of metal = - - x35.5=39.0
35.5
�
or -�3-i -I
3

( 100 cm ) Hf'cm3 - 20. (c) Equi".alent mass ofmetal=12

3

I m3 Equivalent mass ofoxygen=8 g mo1-1

Hence, 5 L=5 x1000 cm 3 x =- 3-=5 x10-3 1
Iv- cm 10 :. Equivalent mass of metal oxide=20 g mo1-
5 m3

10-12 m 11
"'7"3

t. (b)(i)28.7 pmx-- =2.87x10- m 21. (b) Cr2O�- + 14H+ +6e- � 2Cr 3+ + 7H 2 O

!pm
61-� 3I2 +6e-
IO� s
(ii)15.15-sx = l .515x10-5 s 2Na 2SiO3 +12 � Na 2S4O6 +2Nal
lµs
In this reactions,
Ig
(iii)25365 mgx x�=2.5365xI0-2 kg Cr2O�- s 312 = 61 atom
1000 mg 1000 g
 C 0 2- Number of02 atoms in 11g CO 2
1 I atom=--2...L
6 =..!..!. X 6.022 X 1023 X 2
. . Molecular weight 44
Eqwvalent weight of K2Cr2O7 =_____,::__
6 =3.01 Ix 1023 atoms
22. (b) Oxygen=67.67 g 32. (d) CaC12 --+ Ca 2 + 2Cl
+

Metal=32.33 g I mol I mol 2 mol

67.67 g oxygen a 32.33 g metal I mole ofCaCl 2 = 40 + 3S.S x 2 = 111 g
32.33 111 g mole ofCaC12=2 mole ofCl 8
8 g oxygen =--x8.0
67.67
222g ofCaC12=-3.._ x 222= 4 IJX>le ofCl8
=3.82 g Il l
ZJ. (c) SC12 = 2CI, 2Cl a S Therefore, number ofCa 2+ ions =2 x N

I Cl=�= 16 =2N or 2 x 6.023 x 1023

Number ofCl ions= 4 x N
8
Atomic mass of sulphur=32
=4 X 6.023 X 1023
SiCl 2 "' 2S = 2Cl
2 Cl =64 gS = 2.409 X J024
I Cl =32 gS 33. (c) CaCO3 --+ CaO + CO 2
(40 + 12+ 16 x 3) (40+ 16) (12+ 16 x 2)
24. (a) 0.200 g oxygen=3.17 g halogen = 100g •S6g •44g
100 g ofCaCO3=> S6 g ofCaO
:. Equivalent mass ofhalogen =� x 8
0.200 10 g ofCaCO3 => S.6 g ofCaO
= 126.8 g= 127 g I00 g ofCaC0 3=> 44 g ofCO 2
25. (b) Metal=S g IO g ofCaCO3 => 4.4 g ofCO2

Metal oxide=9.44 g Exercise 2: Chapter Challengers

O xygen combined= 4.44 g
4.44 g of oxygen combined with=S g metal 1. �c) 4 L of0.2S M= 4 x0.2S rool CH 3OH = Imo! CH 3OH
5 =32 g CH3OH
:. 8 g oxygen combined with=-- x 8 g metal=9 g
4.44 1
0.8 kg L- = 0.8 g mL -t
2•· (d) I mole 02 =4 equivalent=20 dm3 0.8 g CH3OH is in= I mL
:. Volume of I equivlent ofO2=S dm
3 :. 32 g CH3OH is in=40 mL

21. (c) Sodium 1ulpbate baa the maximum 'mass to make 2. (a) Here, vapour density ofgas=11.2
:. Molecular weight=2xvapour density
0.01 mole.
=2x 11. 2=22.4 g
21. (a) Molar MUI ofNH3 •14 + 3 x l •17 mo1-1 a 22.4 g ofgas occupied volume at STP=22.4 L
Mua of22.4 LofNH 3 at STP • 17 a :. 1 g gas occupied volume at STP= I L
Mua of 11.2 LofNH 3 at STP• 8.S a
3. (a) N2 + 3H 2 --+ 2NH3
2'. (d) 6.02 x to" molecules ofCO• I mole ofCO 28 I 6g 34 g
6.02 x t 024 moles ofCO •IO moles of CO Limiting reactant is H 2.
I mote of CO contains I I atom ofoxypn Weight ofNH3 obtained from 6 x 10-3 kg ofH 2
10 mote, of CO contains 10 1 atoma ofoxypn. =34x 10-3 kg
JO. (c) I molal atucoee 10lution IDNIII :. Weight ofNH 3 obtained from 3 kg ofH2
a
I 000 H20 hu• I mole 1tueo11• 1IO I atueo11 34 X 10-3
= X 3 = J7 kg
Total MUI of IOlution• 1180 1 6xl 0-3
I mole 1lucoee i1• I I 80 I 18
4 • (b) 18 mLH 2O-18 g H 2O= =lmol H 2O
Thus, 0.2 mole ahacoee ii• 236 1.,lution 18
Jf. (a) Number ofatOffll•number ofmolecules xapeciflc •6.023x1023 molecules
atoma in moleculea Electromin 1 mol•l 0
In 121 �;Ma number ofatom• .!! 1C 6.022 1C lo" 1C I Total electrom in 18 mL H2O=6.02xla23 xl0
24 2
_ 6.02xla 4
=
• 3.01 I 1C 1023 atoms
 5. (a) N2 (g)+ 3 H2 (g) � 2NH 3(g) Mass of6.022xI0 23 molecules ofP4=120 g
If the quantity ofN2 (g) reacted is 100 mL 120xl
and mass of I molecule ofP4 = =19.926xlO 23 g
:. The quantity of H2(g) is three times, 300 mL 6.022x ID2 3
and NH3 produced = 200 mL "' I. 993 X I0-22 g
6. (b) l mole of water means 18 g of water which means =1.993 xl0- 19mg
6.023xID23 molecules.
14. (d) 22400 mL of02 at NTP occupied by=32 g 02
I L of water means = IOOO g
112 mL ofO2 at NTP occupied by
IOOO
I000 g of water = --mo! 32
18 = -- X112 mL 02= 0.J 6 g 02
22400
As I mole of water=6.02xI0 23 molecules
:. IOOO lOOO 15. (c) We know that, one mole ofan element= 6.02xIO:µ atoms
mole of water= x6.023xl0 23 = atomic weight ofthe element
18 18
=55.5x6.023xI0 23 Now, I. 58x10 22 atoms weigh 1 .05 g
. _ (1.05 X6.02 X10 23 )
7. (c) (c) 1 .46 metric ton ofAl = L46x10 3x10 3 g ofAl . ,. 6.02xI Al)
1, atoms weigh - =40 g
=1.46 X !Cf g 1.58xJ0 22
Mass ofAl Atomic weight ofX = 40 g
MoIes ofAI =
Atomic mass
16. (c) At STP, 22400 cm 3 ofCH4 =12+ 4 =16 g
146 x I Cf
= =5.41 x I 04 mol. 16x112
27 At STP, 112 cm 3 ofCH4= =0.08 g
22400
8. (a) 3NaH2 PO4 + 6Na 2 HPO4 � 3Na5P3O 10+ 6H2O
Sodiwn dihydrogen Sodiwn hydrogen 17. (a) Molar mass of methane (CH4 )=12+ 4 xI=16 g
ortbophoopbate onbophosphate 6 022 X10 23
Hence, stoichiometric ratio=1.5 : 3 16 g of methane contains = · xL6g
16g
9. (a) P2O3 , PH 3 and H 2O illustrates the law ofreciprocal =6.022 x!0 22 molecules
proportions. Ratio in the number ofatoms of H and 0
combining with one P is 3 : 1.5 , i.e. 2: I. 18. (d) 2 C2H 2 + 5O2 � 4 CO2 + 2H2O
2cc Sec
10. (a) From Avogadro's law, 100 cc 250 cc
6.023 x!0 23 atoms or Avogadro's number of an element 1OO
Hence, air will be needed= x250 =1250 cc
contains mass= Atomic mass of the element 20
·: 3.0 I IxI0 22 atoms ofan element weight 1.15 g 19. (b) In Mg3 (PO4 ) i; I moles ofO-atoms are present in
23
:. 6.023x I0 atoms of an element will weight I mole ofMg3 (PO4 ) 2•
1.15 x6.023 X 10 23 Hence, 0.25 mole ofO-atom are contained
=23
3.0 l lxl0 22
=.!.x0 .25= 3.125 X )0-l
Hence, atomic mass of the element is 23.
32 20. (d) ·: 23 g ofNa contains=6.023xI0 23 atoms
11. (a) I. I molecule ofO2= 5.3 x io-23 g
6.022 X 10 23 g 6.023xlD23
.
:. I g ofNa contams= ----atoms
14 23
II. I atom ofN = = 2.3 x19-23 g
6.022 X )0 23 g . 6.023 X l0 2 3
:. 46 g ofNa contarns =----x46 atoms
10 10 9 23
. TII. I0- g mo!. wt. ofoxygen= I0- X 32 = 32 X I0- g
=12.046x l0 23 atoms
IV. io-10g atomic weight of copper
9 . Mass ofsolute IOOO
= IO-IO X 63.5 =6.35 X I0- g 21• (a) MoI aI1ty= x-----
. Mo!. mass<' .,olute fl' :,5 ofsolvent
:. Order of increasing mass is II < I < m < rv.
.!.Q I000 = 25 m
12. (a) I mole ofC21\ contains 2 moles of carbon atoms. = x
40 100 .-
:. Number ofmoles of carbon atoms in 3 moles� = �x2 =6 0.0056 -4
22. (b) Number ofmoles ofFe= --= IO mot
13. (b) Yellow phosphorus is an impure form ofwhite 56
phosphorus (P4 i 2 moles of Fe is present in l mole of(NH 4 ) i SO4Fez(SO4 ) •
- 3
Molecular mass ofyellow phosphorus (P4 ) Therefore, 10 4 mole of Fe is present in
=4 x30 =120 g mo1-1
-
10 4 x1 -
= ---mol=0.5 xl0 4 mol
·:. According to Avogadro's hypothesis, 2
23. (b) M 1 V1 =M2V2 Exercise 3: Exam Excerpts
=> 0.5 xI 00= 0.1xVi
3 1. (a) The reaction involved is represented as
=> V2 = 500 cm
Volume of water to be added to I 00 cm 3 ofsolution CH3-CH = CH2+ H 2 (g)...!!.+ CH 3 -CH2-CH 3
Propene Propane
= 500-100= 400cm 3
Molar mass =42.08 g/mol Molar mass =44.097 g/mol
24. (d) Formula ofsodium ferrocyanide, NalFe(CN) 6 ]suggests :. The difference in molar mass= 2017"' 2 g/ mol
that it has four sodium atoms. 3
2. (b) Mass ofNaOH = 0.1 kg = 0.1xta =100 g
Number ofNa-atoms =Number ofmoles xnumber of atoms Molecular mass ofNaOH = 40 g
per molecule xAvogadro's number
Moles = Given mass/Molecular mass
=2 x4 x6.023 xI 023 Na-atoms = 48 xI 023 Na-atoms 100
mass Moles ofNaOH = - = 25 mo!
25. (c) Number ofmoles=----xN,. 40
molar mass I mole ofNaOH contains = 6.022x 1023 molecules
:. Number of atoms in 4 . 25 g NH 3
4.25 2.5 moles of NaOH contains= 6.022x I 023 x 25
=--xN,. x4=N,. = 15.055 X10
23
17
24
Number ofatoms in 8 g 02 = L5055 x I 0 molecules
8 N,. 3. (a ) The reaction that involves combustion ofmethane is as
02 = -xN,. x2=-
32 2 follows
Number ofatoms in 2 g H 2 CH4 (g)+2O2 (g)-. CO2 (g)+ 2Hi0(g)
(16 g) (2><18 g)
2 ln this reaction,
H 2 =-xN,. x2= 2N,.
2
I mole ofCH 4 gives-. 2 moles of water
Number ofatoms in 4 g He
4 16 g ofCH 4 given-. 2xl 8 g= 36 g
He=-xN,. xi=N,. 36
4 So, 1.6 g ofCH4 gives = x1.6
Thus, 2 g ofH 2 contains the maximum number of atoms 16
among the given. = 3.6 g ofwater
23
26. (a) 6.02 x10 molecules= I mol ,. (c) ·: 25.4 g ofl2 combines with 8 g ofoxygen.
(xl02 I
Ix I a21 molecule= mo! Simplest
6.02 X1023 Mass Atomic Moles of Molar
Element whole number
= 1.66 x 10-3 mol o/e mass element ratio
ratio
200 X )0-)
200 mg CO2= --- mol 25.4 0.2
44 25.4 127 = 0.2 =I 2
127 0.2
= 4.54 xI 0- 3 mot
8 0 .5
Thus, CO2 left= (4.54 - 1.66) XI 0-3 = 2.88 XI 0-3 mo! 0 8 16 -=0.5 = 25 5
16 0.2
21. (a) I mole ofCH 4= 16 g ofCH 4 [molar mass]
:. Formula ofan oxide ofiodine will be 1205 •
Thus, I mole ofCH 4 contains 4 g atoms of hydrogen.
5. (d) It is statement oflaw ofdefinite proportion .
21. (d) 2H 2O � 2H 2+ 02
2(1x2+16) 2x 2 2x16 6. (c) To calculate the volume ofoxygen produced from the given
= 36 kg = 4kg = 32 kg equation.
·: 36 kg H 2O produces oxygen= 32 kg 2KCIOis) -. 2KCl(s)+ 3O2(g)
32
:. 72 kg H2O produces oxygen =-x72 = 64 kg At STP, I mole ofO2 = 224 L
36
:. 3 moles ofO2 = 224 x3 = 67.2 L
21. (a) 28 g ofCO occupies= 22.4 LofCO at NTP
1. (c) Among the given options, lg ofNa bas highest number of
22·4 atoms
:.14 g ofCO occupies= x 14 LofCO at NTP
28 I I
= I ' 2 Lof CO at NTP (a) I g Fe=- mol=-x6.022xl023 atoms ofFe
56 56
Thus, 14 g ofCO occupies 11.2 L \,:lume at NTP. 23
= 0.1075 x I 0 atoms
Thus, given statement is incorrect.
 1 m1 xr.1 +�xr-
(b ) I gAu=-mol 10. (c)Average molar mass= 2
197 r1 + r2
1 10'i + I 1'i
= - - x 6.022 x I 023 atoms ofAu 10.81=
197
'i + r2
= 0.030 x 1023 atoms I0 8l(r1 + 12)=IOtj + 1112
1 .
(c) I gNa=-mol 10.8lr1 + 10.8l'i = 10 1j + l lr2
23
10.81r1 -10r1 =I½- 10.8112
= _!_ x 6.022 x 1023 atoms ofNa
23 0.8lr1 = 0.19r2
23
= 0.262 x I 0 atoms .2. = 0.19
I 12 0.81
(d ) Ig Cu=-mol
63.5 'i = 19%
1
= - - x 6.022 x 1023 atoms ofCu 11. (a) Presently the new symbol used is 'u' (known as unified
63.5 mass ) in place ofamu. It is defined as mass exactly equal to
= 0.094 x I 023 atoms I/12th the mass ofone C-12 atom.
a. (a) To calculate the number of molecules first let's calculate 12. (c) Density ofsubstance is defined as its amount ofmass per
theNo. ofmoles unit volume. So, SI unit ofdensity can be obtained by using the
following relation.
IOOmL= 100 g (·: d = l g/cc)
SI unit ofmass
100 SI urut. ofdens1ty
. = ----­
= -= 5.55 moles SI unit of volume
18
kg
We know, I mot= 6.022 x I023 molecules = or kg m-3
m3
5.55 mot= 5.55 x 6.022 x 10 23= 33.45 x I o23 molecules
13. (b) The reaction of ethanol with water is as follows
,. (b) The volume of Imole ofany pure gas at STP is equal to
22 .414 L 2C 2H 5OH(/)+ 2Na(s)� 2C2H/)Na+ + H 2 (g)t
IL= 10-3m 3 2 moles ofNa (46g ) = Imole of H 2
224 L= 0.022414 m 3
= 2 g= 2 X 10-3kg