QUARTER 3 – ENGLISH 10

MODULE 1 students’ digital literacy and helping them to

understand the difference between opinion or
ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY propaganda from legitimate, real information is
integral.
- An argumentative essay is a type of writing
that presents arguments about both sides of The thesis statement in the above paragraph is:
an issue. It could be that both sides are “Teaching students’ digital literacy and helping them
presented equally balanced, or it could be to understand the difference between opinion or
that one side is presented more forcefully propaganda from legitimate, real information is
than the other. It all depends on the writer, integral.”
and what side he supports the most.
Let’s try once more. Can you identify the thesis
How To Outline an Argumentative Essay in 4 statement in the paragraph that follows?
Steps
Beauty pageants are presented with the angle
Argumentative Essays should have a that they empower women. However, putting
straightforward structure, so they are easy for women in a swimsuit on a stage while
readers to follow. The goal of an argumentative simultaneously judging them on how well they
essay is to clearly outline a point of view, reasoning, answer an impossible question in a short period
and evidence. A good argumentative essay should of time is cruel and purely for the amusement of
follow this structure: men. Therefore, we should stop televising
beauty pageants.
1. Introductory paragraph. The first paragraph of
your essay should outline the topic, provide The thesis statement is the second sentence:
background information necessary to “Putting women in a swimsuit on a stage while
understand your argument, outline the evidence simultaneously judging them on how well they
you will present and state your thesis. answer an impossible question in a short period of
time is cruel and purely for the amusement of men.”
2. The thesis statement. This is part of your first Here’s the general structure of an argumentative
paragraph. It is a concise, one-sentence essay:
summary of your main point and claim.
a. Introduction: Attention Grabber / Hook,
3. Body paragraphs. A typical argumentative Background Information, Thesis Statement
essay comprises three or more paragraphs that b. Body: Three body paragraphs (three major
explain the reasons why you support your thesis. arguments)
Each body paragraph should cover a different c. Counterargument: An argument to refute
idea or piece of evidence and contain a topic earlier arguments and give weight to the
sentence that clearly and concisely explains actual position
why the reader should agree with your position. d. Conclusion: Rephrasing the thesis
Body paragraphs are where you back up your statement, major points, call to attention, or
claims with examples, research, statistics, concluding remarks.
studies, and text citations. Address opposing
points of view and disprove them or explain why
you disagree with them. Presenting facts and
considering a topic from every angle add
MODULE 2
credibility and will help you gain a reader’s trust.

4. Conclusion. One paragraph that restates your ELEMENTS OF ARGUMENTATION

thesis and summarizes all of the arguments
made in your body paragraphs. Rather than ARGUMENT/CLAIM
introducing new facts or more arguments, a good
conclusion will appeal to a reader’s emotions. In An argument states a claim and supports it with
some cases, writers will use a personal anecdote reasons and evidence from sources. Arguing your
explaining how the topic personally affects them. side makes you the proponent.

A clear, concise, and defined thesis statement COUNTERARGUMENT /COUNTERCLAIM

occurs in the first paragraph of the essay. An argument that stands in opposition to your
argument/claim. The counterargument is your
Can you identify the thesis statement in the opponent’s (the other side’s) argument that tries to
following paragraph? explain why you are wrong.

With more readily available information than REFUTATION

ever before, it's crucial that students are Simply disproving an opposing argument. It is an
prepared to examine the material they're reading important skill because it is how a writer successfully
and determine whether or not it's a good source
or if it has misleading information. Teaching
1
convinces the audience of the validity of his/her own Coherence is another important aspect of academic
argument. writing. Literally, the word means “to stick together”.
Coherence in writing means that all ideas in a
ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY OUTLINE paragraph flow smoothly from one sentence to the
Start with a HOOK. Write a summary of the issue. next sentence. With coherence, the reader has an
State your position in a clear and a strong THESIS. easy time understanding the ideas that you wish to
express.
First, state your WEAKEST ARGUMENT. State ARGUMENTATIVE SPEECH
what the text says. Give your interpretation
(analysis) of what this means. Appeal to logos,
- Speech that tries to change the reader’s mind
pathos, and/ or ethos.
by convincing him or her to agree with your
point of view about a topic.
Second, continue with your MIDDLE
ARGUMENT. State what the text says. Give your
- This attempts to be highly persuasive and
interpretation to what this means. Appeal to
logical. It usually assumes that the reader
logos, pathos, and/or ethos.
disagrees with the writer or speaker, but it
should be noted that the reader is no less
Next, give the OPPOSITE POINT OF VIEW.
intelligent than the writer. Hence, this speech
Explain why people might believe this but
should be written objectively, logically, and
SQUASH it using logos, pathos and/or ethos.
respectfully.
Finally, give your STRONGEST ARGUMENT.
State what the text says. Give your interpretation PERSUASIVE SPEECH
(analysis) of what this means. Appeal to logos,
pathos and/or ethos. - Speech written to convince the listeners of the
validity of the speaker’s argument about a
Transition to your conclusion. Restate your topic. This might involve convincing some to
position. You could summarize your reasons. change their opinion or at the very least
consider some ideas that have not really been
End with a clincher. Ask people to DO something!
considered before.
CALL TO ACTION!
INFORMATIVE SPEECH

- Speech intended to inform and to share new

ideas and build perceptions about a topic.
MODULE 3 Give the importance of your topic to the
audience. The goal of this speech is to give
Cohesion is a very important aspect of academic the audience a new understanding or new
writing because it immediately affects the tone of appreciation of some topics which you might
your writing. There are cohesion markers that you be familiar with.
can use in developing your text. See how you can
apply them in your writing later.
MODULE 4

In your previous studies, you might have

already experienced writing texts such as essays,
speeches, and etc. This time, you need to enhance
your writing techniques to come up with more
scholarly-prepared speeches intended to argue,
inform, and persuade.

You deserve to know more about the writing

techniques that will prepare you to face bigger
crowds in your future speeches. These are helpful
tips in your writing preparation that are easy to
follow.

What is It?

In writing a good speech, there are two

objectives that you must remember according to
Schmitt (2013) These are: make a good
impression and leave your audience with two or
Cohesive writing refers to the connection of your three takeaways.
ideas both at the sentence level and the paragraph
level. The following are suggested strategies that are
simple to follow in preparing your speech.
2
 - Like an essay, a critique uses a formal,
1. Be memorable. Make yourself remembered by academic writing style and has a clear structure,
surprise, an analogy or maybe a humor that you and that has an introduction, a body, and a
your speech will be remembered by your readers or conclusion. However, the body of a critique
audiences. (Humor) includes a summary of the work and a detailed
evaluation.
2. Have a structure. Have an exact and focused - The purpose of an evaluation is to gauge the
outline of speech so that readers and audiences are usefulness or impact of a work in a particular
directed to your topic. (Outline) field.
3. Don’t waste the opening. Share a shocking fact WHY DO WE WRITE CRITIQUES?
or statistics that will interest your readers or Writing a critique on a work helps us to develop:
audiences. It may be an anecdote or a big question
that will engage them in your speech. (Shocking ✓ A knowledge of the work’s subject area or
Facts) related work.
✓ An understanding of the work’s purpose
4. Strike the right tone. Know exactly who your
intended audience, development of
audience is to get the best purpose of your speech.
argument, structure of evidence or creative
(Purpose)
style.
5. Humanize yourself. Use body language and ✓ A recognition of the strengths and
words that fit your readers or audiences. (Body weaknesses of the work.
Language)
HOW TO WRITE CRITIQUES?
6. Repeat yourself. Repeat earlier points that you a. Study the work under discussion.
think are important and useful to your readers or b. Make notes on key parts of the work.
audiences. (Earlier Points) c. Develop an understanding of the main
argument.
7. Use transitions. Use transitional words or d. Consider how work relates to a broader
devices that will direct your audiences on the flow of issue.
your speech. (Devices)
Critiquing a short story usually takes the form of
8. Include theatrics. Make use of symbolisms and an essay. It is an in-depth evaluation of the story for
metaphors that will have great impact on your points. the purpose of giving the reading public insight into
(Symbolisms) the story. Read this sample of a critique as your
guide.
9. End strong. Make an impressive ending that will
make your readers or audiences call action. (Action)
Sample Critique
10. Keep it short. Keeping short and vivid speeches Lee, published by Crime Factory
will prevent you from making mistakes and your Posted in Short Story Reviews, tagged Cameron Ashley, Crime
Factory, Eric Beetner, fiction, Lee Marvin, publishing, reading, short
audience from getting bored. (Vivid) story.
The Dirty Dozen, writing on May 28, 2013

I recently finished a fiction anthology called, Lee. The book features

seventeen short stories, all written by crime writers, and inspired by
MODULE 5
Lee Marvin- his life, his movies. The stories flow in chronological order
with the first taking place 1n 1944 and the last in 1987, just after Lee
WHAT IS CRITIQUE? died. Frankly, I thought the concept was a little goffy, and I didn’t really
expect the book to be that good. I bought it only because its publisher,
Crime Factory, had published two of my short stories. I like what they’d
- It is a careful analysis of an argument to
done in their journal, and figured I’d check out what else they’ve
determine what is said, how the points are made, brought to the world.
what assumptions underlie the argument, what
issues are overlooked and what implications are I’m happy to admit that I was very wrong. Not only is every story in the
drawn from such observations. collection really good, but it turns out that the concept really worked. In
a word, the book rocks! It was fun to see how the different authors
- Critique is a genre of academic writing that tackled the task of writing a Lee Marvin inspired story. I particularly
briefly summarizes and critically evaluates a liked the stories: “1966: JUST Swell,” Cameron Ashley’ “1967”. The
work or concept. Critiques can be used to Gun Hunter. Eric Beetner. Beetner’s novel The Devil doesn’t Want Me
carefully analyze a variety of works such as: has now moved up to number three on my reading list, which hopefully
means I’ll get to it in June.

▪ Creative works – novels, exhibits, film, I feel good that in my own little way I’m associated with this writer, at
images, poetry. least tangentially.
▪ Research – monographs, journal articles,
Finishing Lee has also made me more interested in Lee Marvin”s
systematic reviews, theories.
movies. I watched the man Who shot Liberty Valence during a film
▪ Media – news reports, feature articles. class in college and was blown away by his performance, but I don’t
think I seen another one of his movies. And I consider myself
- It is also a literary technique to critically evaluate something of an old film buff. I took a step toward correcting this
a piece of literary work, political or philosophical oversight last night by watching the Dirty Dozen- awesome!
-CC Roy Jacob
theory in detail.
Posted by: Abdulat 8/10/2008 12:46 pm
3
 The Story of Keesh 9. Has the author left anything out? If yes, was this
by Jack London accidental? Intentional?
10. Are text tone and language text appropriate?
The Story of Keesh is about a man who "exercised 11. Are the authors’ statements clear?
head craft and not witchcraft and rose from the 12. What is the cultural context of the text?
meanest IGLOO to be head man of his village."
London's story was published in 1907. CULTURAL CONTEXT is a fancy way which is
affected by the ideas, and which stands to lose or
*PLEASE READ* gain if the ideas take place. When you think about
this, think of all kinds of social and cultural variables,
including age, gender, occupation, education, race,
ethnicity, religion and so forth.
MODULE 6
SAMPLE OUTLINE IN WRITING CRITIQUE
✓ Writing a Critique · describe: give the reader a
sense of the writer's overall purpose and intent I. Background information to help your readers
· name of author and work · understand the nature of the work.
✓ When we summarize a text, we capture its ▪ Title
main points. ▪ Author
✓ When we analyze a text, we consider how it has ▪ Publication information
been put together- we dissect it, to see how it ▪ Statement of topic and purpose
works. ▪ Thesis statement indicating writer’s main
✓ When we critique a text, we interrogate it. reaction to the work
Seriously, when we critique, our opinions and
ideas are already part of our textual analysis. II. Summary or description of the work
✓ The purpose of writing a critique is to evaluate
somebody’s work in order to increase readers III. Interpretation and /or evaluation
understanding. ▪ Discussion of the works organization
✓ Analysis means to break down and study the ▪ Discussion of the work style
parts. ▪ Effectiveness
✓ Evaluation is the most important part in critical ▪ Discussion of the topic of treatment
review. ▪ Discussion of appeal in a particular audience

Use literature to support your views. You may also

use your knowledge of conducting research, and THE HUNCHBACK OF NOTRE DAME
your own experience. Evaluation can be explicit or Victor Hugo
implicit.
*PLEASE READ*
EXPLICIT EVALUATION

Explicit evaluation involves stating directly

(explicitly) how you intend to evaluate the text. e.g.
"I will review this article by focusing on the following MODULE 7
questions. First, I will examine the extent to which
the authors contribute to current thought on Second COMMON APPROACHES TO LITERARY CRITICISM
Language Acquisition (SLA) pedagogy. After that, I
will analyze whether the authors' propositions are 1. Formalist Approach also known as
feasible within overseas SLA classrooms." Structuralist Criticism focuses on the theme,
style, and the relationship of theme to style is the
IMPLICIT EVALUATION element that answers the questions, “where and
when did the story take place?” It is an important
Implicit evaluation is less direct. The following element just like the others. That is why even in
section on Linguistic Features of Writing a Critical fairy tales, it is always said that “once upon a
Review contains language that evaluates the text. time, in a faraway land...” to tell the time and
place of a particular tale.
Here are some additional ideas to consider in
critiquing a text. 2. Moralist or Humanistic approach is close to
the morality of literature, to questions of ethical
1. How did you respond to the text? goodness and badness. It puts nature of man
2. Did you like It? Did it appeal to you? central to literature. The reader or teacher or
3. Do you agree with the main ideas? critic more or less requires that the piece
4. Did the organization make sense? presents MAN AS ESSENTIALLY RATIONAL
5. Was the evidence used correctly without BEING that is endowed with intellect and free
manipulation? will; or that piece does not misinterpret the true
6. Is the author objective, biased? nature of man.
7. Do you agree with the main ideas of the text?
8. Did you find any gaps in the discussion? 3. Marxist Literary Criticism is a form of criticism
for interrogating all societies and their texts in
4
 terms of certain specific issues including race, 9. _ Critique is a genre of academic writing that
class and the attitudes and norms shared within briefly summarizes and critically evaluates a
a given culture. work or concept.

4. Feminist Criticism is a form of reading 10. Jack London is the author of “The Story of
approach wherein the readers examine ways in Keesh.”
which the literary material reinforces the
oppression of women in all aspects of life. It is 11. Structure of a Critique
concerned with the impact of gender on writing • Introduction
and reading, therefore, it is concerned with the • Body
place of female writers and their roles within • Conclusion
works. 12. Evaluation is the most important part in critical
review.
5. Historical approach sees the relationship of the
work to history. The impact of the work on history 13. Victor Hugo is the author of “The Hunchback of
and the importance of historical knowledge are Notre Dame.”
bases in understanding a work. It sees literature
as both a reflection and a product of the times 14. La Esmeralda is the love interest of Quasimodo
and circumstances in which it is written. in the story The Hunchback of Notre Dame.

6. Reader-Response Criticism takes as a 15. Moralist Approach is also known as

fundamental tenet that “literature” exists not as Humanistic Approach that focuses on the
an artifact upon a printed page but as a morality of literature, to questions of ethical
transaction between the physical text and the goodness and badness.
mind of the reader. It attempts “to describe what
happens in the reader’s mind while interpreting
a text” and reflects that reading is a creative
16. Structure of an Argumentative Essay
process. Meanings derive only from the act of
• Introduction
individual readings and that different people view
works differently. • Thesis Statement
• Body

17. Suitable Topics for an Argumentative Essay

QUARTER 3 • Smoking in Public
ENGLISH REVIEWER • Gender Equality
• Animal Testing

1. Argumentative Essay is a type of writing that 18. Hook comes first in writing an argumentative
requires the writer to investigate a topic, collect, essay.
generate, and evaluate evidence; and establish
position on the topic in a concise manner. 19. Furthermore is an example of a cohesive
device you can use to give more ideas or
2. Conclusion is one paragraph that restates your evidence
thesis and summarizes all the arguments.
20. Such as is an example of a cohesive device
3. Refutation is simply disproving an opposing you can use in giving examples.
argument.
21. Including theatrics means using symbolism
4. Proponent is a person who disagrees with and metaphors when preparing a speech.
something and speaks against an argument.
22. Keeping short and vivid speeches prevents
your audience from getting bored.
5. Argument states a claim and supports it with
reasons and evidence from sources. 23. Critiques can be used to carefully analyze a
variety of works which includes Feature
6. Coherence is a very important aspect of articles, Exhibits, and Poetry.
academic writing which means “sticking
together” of ideas.
24. The Story of Keesh
7. Persuasive Speech is a type of speech that is • Keesh exercised headcraft in killing bears.
written to convince. • The village people respected Keesh after his
father died.
8. Argumentative Speech is a type of speech • Keesh lived alone with his mother after his
intended to change the reader’s mind by father died.
convincing him or her to agree with your point of
view about a topic.

5
25. When we summarize a text, we capture its • Thesis Statement
main points.
39. Body:
26. Explicit evaluation involves stating directly
how you intend to evaluate the text. • Description of the work

27. The Hunchback of Notre Dame

40. Interpretation and Evaluation:
• Frollo stopped the parade.
• Quasimodo was put on trial and was
• Discussion of the works organization
tortured.
• Discussion of the work style
• Frollo killed Phoebus by stabbing him.
• Effectiveness
28. Example of approaches to Literary Criticism
• Feminist criticism
• Historical approach
• Reader-response criticism Disclaimer: This material was made available to help
you in your examination. GOODLUCK!
29. Historical approach sees the relationship of the
work to history.
A big thanks to Mr. Mark Neil Vinluan.
30. Formalist approach is an approach to literary
criticism focuses on the theme and style of the
work.
Mr. Jomari B. Ventura, LPT
English Teacher
Use of Cohesion Markers
31. The English test was very difficult;
nevertheless, she earned a good grade.

32. The customer was displeased with her meal,

hence the chef prepared a replacement.

33. My mother asked me to feed the dog until after

we had all eaten.

34. The car looked good; moreover, the price was

right.

35. The road was blocked due to the accident;

hence, we had to take a detour to reach our
destination.

36. How to write a critique

• Study the work under discussion.

• Develop an understanding of the main
argument.
• Consider how the work relates to a broader
issue.

37. Structure of an Argumentative Essay

• Introduction
• Body
• Counterargument
• Conclusion

38. Background Information:

• Title
• Author
• Publication Information
• Statement of Topic and Purpose