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36 views22 pagesDocScanner 17-Ma
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4A Solution of Algebraic Equations |
4
Omen
0
geecion Method
sug Fasi Method
seston Raphson Method
Statistical Analysis
a aU ae eee
Summer 2018 08 Marks
Winter 2018
Summer 2019 (08 Marks,
Winter 2019
‘Summer 2022
Winter 2022
Summer 2023 4.1 __ Introduction
Consitera quadratic equation: ax? + bx 60
‘The root of this equation are,
aps Vee ane
x* oe
proximate
Now in practice ; many times the apt
Especially
solution is considered instead of exact value,
when the polynomial is of degree greater than 2
TW (2 - 4ac) 0
1@) = @
ow, the sign change of ution Values takes pag
from 2to3 ae Paar
=
‘a. The location of root Ties between (2,3) of the
3 6x+3
equation
Given, xe" = 2
Let f(s)
to show root of the equation xé
xe
We have
between O and 1
Putx = 0 in Equation @
(0) = oel-120-12-1<0
Putx = 1 in Equation (1)
F(a) = ()elY=1 = 1.718220
Now, the sign change of function
from Otol.
0) = 1
Tv
The location of root of equ
between (0, 1)
Ex.3; Show that the
2and3. ‘The location of root is between (3, 4).
0 First Iteration
iedy-9 ~() | Bisecting the interval:
x = 0 in Equation (1)
ly 3+4_
0) = 8+4(0)- eee eS
ion (1) Putx = 3.5 in Equation (1)
we guy = B+4Ul)-92-4<0 f@5) = (35)?-102225
19) 135)
>in Equation (1) eet 225
2) = @P+4@)-9=7>0 3 35
.ction value takes place from 1 to 2 ++ Root lies between (3, 3.5)
7 t@)=
2 Z Second Iteration
sae location of root is between (1, 2) Bisecting the interval :
attention
seesting the interval After wo ern eee
; lass ng, | {tation
Ex.6:
2 bisection method, find the approximate
value of 70 by performing two iterations,
Soin:
‘in:Letxbe the positive root of 10
10 =
‘owsquaring on both sides,
=0 i
= x10
= 0 in Equation (1)
= -10
1 in Equation (1)
(1)?-10=-9
x = 2 in Equation (1)
= (2-10 =-6
3 in Equation (1) + Root ofthe Equation lies between (0, 0.5)
Second Iteration
Bisecting the interval
0+05
4 me
125
Putx= 0.25 in Equation (1)
(0.25) = (0.25) +2 (0.25) - 1=- 0.4843
£(0.25) 1(15)
0.4843 0125
———
025 05
«+ Root of the Equation lies between (0.25, 0.5)
Third Iteration
Bisecting the interval
_ 0.25 +
ecg
=0375
7
‘After three iterations the approximate roots of
x3 42x Oisx=0.375
2
Using bisection method, find approximate root of
0 (Take 3 iterations).
ax+1
ff) = -x+1 ~()
in Equation (1)
o8-0+1=1
1 in Equation (1)
()3-14+121
2 in Equation (1)
(2)3-2+1=8-1=7
3 in Equation (1)
3-34 1=27-2=25
=1 in Equation (1)
(-1)3-(-1)+1=-1+14+1=1
2 in Equation (1)
(28-241
g+2+1
Sign
‘= Location of root
value -2 to
changes for the
between (-2,~1)
First Iteration
Bisecting the interval:
a 2
3
Pats
Fe
.5 ) in Equation (1)
Put xe(-
15) = (-15)°- 15) iis
148) 1)
0875 a
45 Et
“= Root of the equation lies between (isan
Second Iteration
Bisecting the interval :
Cis ee)
be i
= -125
Put x
f(-125)
0.2969.
(4.5)
0.875
15)
. Root ofthe equation lies b
Third Iteration
(1.25) ation (1)
(1P-1-4=-4<0
x = 2in Equation (1)
-4=2>0
s for the value from 1 to 2
ation of root is between (1, 2)
Thus after three iterations the approximate root of
+5
Solution of
* = Tim Equation (1)
11) = 186-32 220
Now the sign
from 0 to 1 change of function value takes place
z
05 in Equation (1) we get.
(5? -6(05)+3
= 0125
405)=
+0125
3
5
++ Root of equation lies between (05.1)
Second Iteration
Now, bisecting the interval,
O51
b= =075
Now, put © x = 0.75in Equation (1) weget
£(0.75) = (0.75)°-6(0.75)+3
~1.078 —
plied Mathematics
ta) = -1<0
Put, x © 4 in Equation (1)
EEA) = (42 9(4) = B64 38~
1(4) © 64-37 82790
1@) 1a)
1 “27
3 4
The sign change of function value takes place from 3 to 4.
~The location of root is between (3,4)
First Iteration
Bisecting the interval
Put x = 3.8in Equation (1) to get,
£(35) = (35)°-9@5)-1
= 42.87-315
£(35) = 1037
t@)
1
————
3 35
Root of equation lies between (3,3.5)
Second Iteration
Bisecting the interval :
3435
2
Put, x = 3.25in Equation (1)
£(3.25) = (3.25)°-9(3.25)-1
= 3432-29.25-1
. £3.25) = 4.07
1)
-. Root of the equation lies between (3, 3.25)
Third Iteration
Bisecting the interval :
c =3.125
9x-1=0is
‘The approximate root of x—
‘soln.: Given!
wi-oxet = 0
Le te) * one ea
put x= 2 in Equation (1)
£(2) = @y-9@)+t= -18+1;
rey = -9<8
putx=3 in Equation @
FQ) = y= 94152727 Ts
f@) = 170
‘The sign change of function value takes place from 2 to,
12) 1@)
8
2 3
«. The location of roots between (2.3)
First Iteration
Bisecting the interval:
233
a= 2533-25
Putx=2.5 in Equation (1) to get
Fes) = @S*-9@5+E
= 15.625- 225+
Root lies between (2.5, 3)
425)
5875
25
Second Iteration
Bisecting the interval :
25+3) SS
2 [2
Now, put x
+ (275) = @758 Find the root of 6
10 io to tortion).
i ae
wri (a) = eto
= 0in Equation (1)
e = e-9-0=1>0
£0)
x = Lin Equation (1)
4 (1) = e71-1=-0.632<0
{(1) = -0.682
oo
the sign change of function value takes place
jn (0.1)
gotiteration
soeting the Interval :
o+
ai
=05
oo
mt x = 0.5 in Equation (1)
£05) = e~°5-0.5 = 0.1065
05) (1)
= 0.1085 0.632
es
0s 1
Root ies between (0.5, 1)
‘xond iteration.
Ascting the interval:
htt x = 0.75 in Equation (1)
°78 0.75 = -0.2776
(0.5) (0.78)
= 0.1085, 0.2776
—————e
08 O75
Foot lies between (0.5, 0.75)
"dtteration
\
“tg the interval :
0.5 +0.75
a
c
.625
Th
*@Pproximate root. of f (x) =e7
x=
by bisection method
owns,
———_
(1)
S0ln.: Given: x! 2x50
Met fl) = wb -2g-5 “A
Fut x = 0 in Equation (1)
£(0) = 0?-9-52-5
X = 1 in Equation (1)
f() = (1)3-2()-5
X = 2in Equation (1)
4(2) = (2)$-2(2)-5=-1<0
X = 3in Equation (1)
£3) = (3)-2(3)-5=16>0
12) 1)
2 i
+ Change of sign takes place from 2 to 3.
Root lies between (2, 3),
First Iteration
Bisecting the interval :
243
F225)
Put x = 25 in Equation (1)
£(25) = 15.625-5-5=5.625
£2) 125)
a 5.625
—____*
2 25
++ Root lies between (2, 2.5)
Second Iteration
Bisecting the interval : wthematics Te
alsi (False Position) Method
Regul:
Consider a curve :y = f(x) in the interval (a, b). This
curve is approximated by chords or straight line, The
the chord crosses the X-axis is the
point at whic!
approximated value.
‘Two or three iterations are taken to get the desired
precision,
y
Fig. 42
Steps:
1. Locate the interval (a, b) such that F (a) and
£ (b) have opposite signs.
2. Consider the point C such that-chord AB crosses
X-axis at (C, 0).
Calculate f (0).
5. IFf (a) and f (©) have opposite signs, then interval is
(a, ¢) and if f(b) and F (c) have opposite signs, then
interval is (c, d.
6. Repeat this procedure upto 2 to 3 iterations to get
the desired precision.
‘This can be illustrated well in the example.
Ex.14; Solve the equation x° + 2x* 8 = 0 using
Reegula-Falsi position method by two iterations.
Soin:
Given; x9 +2x*-
Let, f(x) = x3 42x?-8 axe)
Put x = Oin Equation (1)
£(0) = (0)? +2 (0)*-
Put x = Lin Equation (1)
fq) = (+20)?
Put x = 2in Equation (1)
£(2) = (2)8+2(2)?=
Change in sign takes Pl20=
berween (1,2)
«_ Root lies in (3,2) interval
First Iteration
f(y=-5
£(2)=8
F(a) =
res
= 13846
Now, putx = 1.3846 in Equation (1)
2 £(@ = F(13846)
(1.3646)? +2 (1.3846)7-8
£(1.3846) = -15113
17.3848), 12)
+. Root lies between (1.3846, 2)
Second Iteration
3846, F(a) =
. FQ) cierto
ow
i) = (O)=4
eg) = eae
gegalafatsi method,
, af(b)-bf la)
© =" FQb)-F (a)
(0x 1.71843) = 1x1
5 1.71843 -1 = 0.36785,
pytx=0.36785 in Equation (1)
030785) = cos (036785) - (0.36785) 835
99997 - 0.53140 = 0.46856
s between (0.36785, 1) alteration 1
(0.96785)
wases
Soer785
«ond Iteration
io,
#136785, F(a) = £(0.36785) = 0.46856
tet; f(b) = f(1) = - 1.71843
_ af (b)-bf(a)
=" f0)-f@)
(036785 71843) - (1x 0.46856}
~ 1.71843 - 0.46856
= 7063212 - 0.46856
= 2.18699
0.50328
‘Dproximate root of cos x~ xe¥= 0, is O
= 1.10068
b
seg Regulatalsi method.
{(2) = (28-218 520
iy a
1 %
“ Change in sign takes place between (1, 2)
+ Root lies between the interval (1, 2)
First Iteration
f(a) = f(a)=-1
, (Bb) = £(2)=5
By Regula-falsi method,
af (b) - bf (a)
f(b)= F(a)
4(5)=2(-1) _
*"5-(-1)
#. Putx = 1.167 in Equation (1)
£(1.167) = (1.167)? - 1.167 -1=-0,5776
ce
542
oer?
Second Iteration
= 1167,
a = f(s 2 Applied Mathematics
6.265 +0574
5 + 0.2857
1.2933
. Approximate root of the equation exe
2933
Find the approximate root of the equation
x logy x = 1.2 between 2 and 3 upto three
{teration by Regular-Falsi method.
Soin. :
Given: xlogox = 12
Let F(%) = xlogiox-12 ()
Putx=2 in Equation (1) we get
£(2) = 2logy 2-12
= 2(030)-1.2=0.60-1.2
f(2) = -0.60<0
Putx =3 in Equation (1) we get
F(B) = 3logi3-1.2=0.231 >0
1) (9)
0.60 0.231
——s
2 3
-, Root lies between (2, 3)
First Iteration
as2, f@)
b=3, f(b)
By Regula-Falsi method,
__ afb) =b« fla
© f(b) ~ fla)
231) ~ 3 (- 0.
_ 2(0.231) 0.60) _ 9799
0.231 - (- 0.60)
Put x = 2.722 in Equation (1)
£(2.722) = 2.722 logyo (2.722) -1.2=- 0.016
£2)=-0.60
£(@)=0.231
12.722) 1)
0.016 231
+
2722 3
:. Root lies between (2.722, 3)
Second Iteration
a=2722, f(a) = f(2.722)=-0.016
b=3, f(b) = £()=0.231
¢ = ail) —b-ffa
1(b) = f(a)
(2.722) (0.231) -3 (0.016)
<: 0.231 - (- 0.016)
= 274
solution of.
Z74in Equation (1)
= 2.74 logo (2:74) ~ 1
(3)
Ore maa
274 3
__ Root lies between (2:74, 3)
Third Iteration
1 f(a) = F(2.74)=- 0.0005
f(b) = £3) = 0-231
af(b)-bffa)
Ce Ae"
= "0231 - © 0.0008)
= 2.7405
‘Approximate root of F(X) = X10B10%— 4348
x = 2.7405
Ex. 18: Using Regula-Falsi_ method,
x2 — logo x= 12 (three iteration on
Soin. Given: — x?-logypx= 12
Let, f(x) = x2-logiox-12
Put x = OlnEquation (1)
(0) = (0)2-logo(0)=12
= 0-0-12
£(0) = -12
Put x = 1 In Equation (1)
F(1) = (1)? =logie (1) =
fq) = 22
Put: £(3)
= F(4)= 34
477
bffa
~ f(b) - Fa)
* 3.4-(-3.477)
E a =35
35 in Equation (1)
(3.5)? - logis (3.5) - 12
= 12.25- 0544-12
-0294
(4)
between (3.5, 4)
diteration
f(a) = £(3.5)=-0.294
f(b) = f(4)=34
F(b)-F@)
_ 35x (3.4)-4 (0.294)
= 34-0294)
_ 11941176 1:
"3.440.294
‘tt=3.539 in Equation (1)
£(3539) = (3.539)? - logic (3.539) -12
= 12.53 - 0.5488 - 12
- 0.0188
ee
3.694
£3539)
(8.599)
0188
—
3839 4
*ont les between (3,539, 4)
Meration
4)
14
F(3.539)
4-11
ions
f(x) = x3 - 9x41
Putx= 0 in Equation (1)
£(0) = 03-9(0)+1=1>0
Putx=1 in Equation (1)
f(1) = (1)?-9(1)+1=-7<0
{0)=1 {()=-7
° 4
Change in sign takes place from 0 to 1.
~ Root lies between (0, 1)
First Iteration
f(@) = f()=1
L, f(b) = FC
Regula-falsi method,
a+f(b)-b- F(a)
© = ““£(b)- F(a)
moe
arrest
Put x = 0.125 in Equation (1
(1) lied Mathematics
10.11)
200119 (0.125)=-0.128
———_
ont 0125
«. Root lies between (0.11, 0.125),
Third Iteration
Here,
a=O.11, f(a) = f(0.11)=0.0113
b = 0.125, f(b) = f(0.125)=-0.123
a: f(b) =b- f(a
F(b) -F (a)
(0.11) (- 0.123) - 0.125 (0.0113)
at = 0.123 = 0.0113,
~. Approximate root of f(x) =x*-9x-+ 11 is
x = 0.1109
Solve the equation : e%— 4x =0 Using
Regula-Falsi method.
Soin: Given: e%-4x=0
Let, f(x) = ef 4x
Put x = Oin Equation (1)
=> f(0) = e?-0=1>0
x = Lin Equation (1)
=> f() = el-4=-12817<0
s, Change in sign takes place from 0 to 1,
0) 1)
-—_—
o 1
:, Root lies between (0, 1)
First Iteration
a=0, f(a) = F(O)=1
b=1, f(b) = F()
By Regula-falsi method,
af(b)-bfla)
© = “F@)-F@)
(Ox=1.2817)= (1%) _ 9 43996
2 = 12817 -1
put x= 0.43826 in Equation (1)
£ (0.43826) = e386 4 (0.43826)
= ~0.20303
1.2817
1.2817
Now,
4-12
~(l)
solution of
‘Second Iteration
f(a) = FO)=1
f(b) = £(0.43826) = - 0.20303
af(b)-b f(a)
© = “F(b)- Fla)
(0x -0.20303) - (0.43826 x1)
. = 0.20303 = 1
a=0,
3826,
= 036429
036429 in Equation (1),
(036429). 4 (0.36429)
= 0.01766
(0.96429)
0.0178
° 0.98429
Put x
£(0.36429)
+ Root lies between (0, 0.36429)
Third Iteration
0, f(a) = f(0)=4
F(b) = £(0.36429) =
= - 001766
af(b) bf (a)
F(b) - Fa)
0,36429,
-. Approximate root of the
x= 0.35736 a “Onte9
Xe
‘ f(b) = €(2)=11.77 : oe
yr pula-Falsi methods, oe
= = ere . “171049 <9
on to es
(11.77) = 2 (0.28) f2 i e
= "11.77- (028)
7 * Change in sign takes Place from 0 to 1,
2 102
* Rootlies between (0,1)
pyex= 1023 in Equation (1),
First Iteration
1.023
23) = (1.023) e623_ 3-45 iz
an tees 10) 920 fi) © faye
2-045 17 bet, f(b) = (1) =-1, 71093
e— ="
1.028 2
By Regula-falsi method,
foot lies in between (1.023, 2)
eg = AlbL=b F(a
\xond Iteration 1(b)- F(a)
(0x- 1.71843) ~1%4
41023, f(a) = £(1.023)=-0.15 = Went 71043 tt i 7es eo
ay f(b) = £(2)=11.77 = 0.36785, bs
= Sateen Putx = 0:36785 in Equation (1)
‘ + £(036705) = cos (0.36785)
1.023) (11.77) - (2) (- 0.15 +
i 11.77-(—0.15) ~ (0.36785) .¢9 36785
= 1.035 . oes :
futx=1.035 in Equation (1), = 046856
(1.035) = (1.035) e1.035
1 (1.035)
=~0084
ae
1.035
"aotlies between (1.035, 2)
VirdHeration
0.084. No.s7e8) Ly
*1035, f(a) = £(1.035) =- 0.084
2 6) = #(2)=11.77
= Uf(b)-bi@
F(b) = F(a)
~~ 4.035) (11.77) = (2) (0.084)
11.7 - (= 0.084)
; 1.0418
*Proximate root of equation f (x) = x e% 3 is
aii 1.0418 =
Seto the equation using Fel Fal) m
0.
08x yah
f
le YEN: COS x —y@k = nee
{0 = conan
or Thit
be
x
Solr
ird Iteration
050328, f(a) = (0.50326) = 0.16747
f(b) = f(t) =~ 1.71843
af(o)-bF (a)
F(b) - f(a)
0.50328 x — 1.71043) - (1x 0.16747)
- = 1.71843 - 0.16747
054738
Approximate root of cos x-xe"= 0 is
x = 0.54738 cons.
Za! Using Regula {aisi method, solve x + x-3 = 0.
iven: x2+x-3=0
Let f(x) = 24+x-3 0)
Put, x = Oin Equation (1)
£(0) = 0*+0-3
2 f@=-3
Put, x = 1in Equation (1)
f(a) = (1)2+1-3
FQ) = 1+1-3=-1<0
Put, x = 2in Equation (1)
£(2) = (2)?+2-3
f(2) = 442-3=3>0
(1)
1a=8
1 2
Change of sign takes place in (1,2)
Rootlies between (1, 2)
First Iteration
a=t— f@)
b=2, Fb)
By Regula-falsi method,
_ af(b)-bffa
© = “F(b)= Fa)
_ 1G) @e4
= 3-E 1)
341
Now, putx = 1.25 in Equation (1)
£(1.25) = (1.25)? + (1.25) ote
(125)
= 0.1875
+ Root lies by
= 1.294
putx= 1.29411
1.294)? + (1.294) -
11.294)
0.0315
in Equation (1)
Now,
£(1.294) =
1.0315
1(2)=9
a
cen (1.294, 2)
4.294
., Root lies betwe
Ex. 24:
4 decimal places.
Soin.: Given, x?- 4x+1=0
Let 10) =
Putx=0. in Equation (
«. £(0) = 03-4 Ox~2)= (1X1)
- ED d.ossss
Now puty= 0.3333 in Equation (1),
fe) = F(.3333)
= (03383)' ~4 (0.9383) 41
= 0.08702 ~ 1.3382 +1 =~0,2961
10.9339) «0.29018
° oa33
Root lies between (0, 0.3333) interval
second Iteration
az fa) = F@)=1
3, fb) = £(0.3333)= - 0.2961
— _ affh)=bt{ay
“*f0)=Fe)
_ (Ox=02961)- (03 )
- SSS BIA ga
in Equation (1)
71) 4 (0.2571) +1
0.0170 ~ 1.0285 + 1 =~ 0.0114
10.2571) =-00114
3 o2s71
Root lies between (0, 0.2571)
‘Third Iteration
a fa) = 0) =1
b=02571, = (0.2571)=- 0.0114
_ af(b)-bf(a)
© = “Ft (b)= Fla)
(0 x - 0.0114) - (0.2571 1
z = 0.0114=1
c = 02542
Approximate root is 0.2542 upto 4 decimarplaces,
4.5 Newton-Raphson Method
Consider a curve: y= f(x)
Let (x. F (%q)) be a point on curve where xy Is
Now the curve is a
OID (0 0) A
‘hip tangent if meets Kxie at x = aa eee new
Approximation is x, a8 the root, This process continues
Upto required precision,
vs The general iterative formula to approximate the
value of root
i)
ae alata
10%) = Function value at x= Xp
{'(x,) = Derivative function value at x * ty
5 $(X) = xa=x=d
Differentiating Equation (1) worst. %
AMO = oP-x- 1)
= £0)-£0)-eo
FO) = 3x’ =1
Given, initial root Is 4, Le, Xo = 1.
Now, by Newton Raphson method,
1%).
Xun hy Hera
01,2,
where ne
Xn =
Putting n= 0, 1, 2,
equation f(x) = 0.
First tteration : Put Putting n = 1 in Equation (4)
2xjt1_ 25)e+1
= 3x1 35-1
Second Iteration :
775
575
1.3478
After two approxi
en equation is 1.3478.
Ex.26:
the equation x* - x- 9 =
Soin. :
Let £() = x*-x-9
Differentiate above equation w.r.tX ,
da d
£ tron = & 9
1-46) - 20-5
f(s) = 40-1
Put x= 0 in Equation (1)
£(0) = 0*-0-
in Equation (1)
f(t) = 1#-1-9=-9<0
Putx
Put x=2 in Equation (1)
f(2) = 24-2-9= 5>0
Change in sign takes place from 1 to2
Letx)=1
By Newton Raphson Method,
Xoo
FC)
ee
mations, the approximate root of
By using Newton-Raphson method find a root of
0. (carry out two
Een
a (2)
(2)
{G51 terative formula ..(3)
3xi+9
Soon (4)
1, 2, we get approximate Toots af
Putting
equation f(x) = 0
First Iteration
putting n = 0 in Equation (4)
axi+9 acats9
mo = Geld 4GPad
_ 349
= 4@)-1
_ 349 12
4 5 gate
x, =4
Second Iteration
Putting n= 1 in Equation (4)
ae By 49 ayes
int = 75-15 4G
e xX, = 3.047 ‘ 4 ee Find the mopnoramann son AO + te 6 = OY
. oleny Merten Haghenn, matter, (Carry oA Waa
In sign takes from 2 to 3 oration nef)
m2 EATEN LE,
ton Raphson Method, Soin.
f(x, = 44-6 (3)
aa) Given: (= #
FO) Now differentiate above equation Wirt m,
wvlterative form & iden
: emula (3) Sri) « HI J
n= 01,2,3,
4 4, f
8-34, = tsa
(i) = 44
Putx=0 in Uquation (1),
Taking LOM 1(0) = -5
Put = 1 in Equation (1),
f(1) = 1414-52-30,
2 in Equation (1),
Ei" 5 $(2) = (2 +2-5=170,
a i) =-3 WZ) =4
nd
‘ 2
, 3, «We get approximate roots of
ges in sign takes place from 1 to 2
i let %» = 1,
jon : Put n = 0 in Equation (4)
es, dvs
phson Method,
By Newton &
a3
2 Here n=
tmy-5 :
= 233 ;
xs 7 es
ion : Put n = 1 in Equation (4)
245 ae _ Ml2ig+ 1) (my 5)
2x45 _ 212.33 +5 :— ee
36-3 3(233)°-3
30.298 F.
= 73.286 - ate
= 228 a
£45
2,41
in Equation (4)
a ; Putting n =
2G+5 _2228)+5 728 | equation {x)=
Box -: (2.28) - 3
oe First Iteration
26.704
= 17595 Putn = 0 In Equation (4)
2
= 2.28 x45
Yon * yet
ite root of Equation is 2.28 Applied Mathematics
apes
2ayet
Sans
“242
-&
_3
Re ia
Second Iteration
Putn=1 in Equation (4)
Sea eres
= 2Q)+1
Put n=2 in Equation (4)
tS (18) +5.
Buel 2(.8)+1
x, = B28
5 = 36+17 46
s Xs = L791
W-10, W
Eanes
Soln.: Given, x*- 2x-5=0
Let f) = 3-2x-5
Differentiating Equation (1) wrt x
Stoo) = § OF -2x-51
éa-dea-55
. £@) = 3e-2
x=0= in Equations (1)
x= 1= in Equations (1)
Put
f@=
F@)= 16-0
x=2= in Equations (1)
x=3= in Equations (1)
__ Change in sign takes place from 203.
Purting, n = 0, 1, 2, -we get approximate root of
equation ffx) = 0.
First Iteration
Put n =0 in Equation (4)
nies
:
3e-2 Nowton-Raphson method 16 find thy
i es root of the equation x log,cx = 12,
yout three Hterations)
a
@
veg = :
{u) = Xlogos~ 12
Equation (1),
exe 0
(0) = O-12=-12
(1)
y= in Equation (1)
if f) = (1) logo(1) - 1.2 =
= -12
x2 in Equation (1) we get,
Gi {I2) = 24ogyp2-1.2=-06<0
putx=3in Equation (1) we get,
{(3) = 3 4ogig3 - 1.2=0.231>9
(2)=-06 (8) = 0.231
——_— leg
e
Root lies between (2, 3)
logx
Vosox= 12 xs 1.2
_logm
~logym = ge
fin(1), FG
Direntiate above Equation (1) wart, x
dig _ d [xsoge i
& &) eae
"
14 d
Jog 10 dx Ee logx] - 3 [1.2]
1 d d
= Togio [x ax (983) +108 x (9 |-0
1 1
og 10 [x-f+toexco]
y 1
MQ) = jog io [1 +1og x]
‘soot ie
Le,
hx
0
"Newton Raphson method,
f(x,
Nera a laa
""T7G%) _ ~lterative for
Togio [1 + 10g x4)
lo
a BX,~ 1.2. (log. 10)
© OsTogs,)
First Iteration
Putn = 0in Equation @
Xolop% ~ 1.2 (logio)
ce
a =
Slama GFlogx,)
2 2log2~ 1.2 (og 10)
T+ log?
2408131 =2.8131
x
Second Iteration
Putn =1 in Equation (4)
= x, 21 loe%y 1.2 (log 10)
“ieee coset
% =
= 28131-00719
x = 27411
Third Iteration
(4)
~ We get approximate root of
(5) Applied Mathematics
r2)
£(3) = -1<0
xe4 £) = 6>0
ro) (ay=6
3 4
+ Change in sign takes place from 3 to 4
% = 3,
ng Newton Raphson method,
a
"EO
Iterative formula ..(3)
Let
Byu
x,
Put n = 0,1,2,
ae f= 10 x,(2%,) - (8-10)
aot = or I
wwTaking LGM.
axi-x2+10 axé+10
Sa aacan ane wf(4)
Put n= 0, 1, 2, ..we get approximate root of
equation f(x) = 0
First Iteration : Put n= 0 in Equation (4)
410 eet0
2x 2(3)
= 3.1667
Noe =
SR
Second Iteration : Put n=
_ Xt10_ (3.1667)2+10
By” 2(.1667)
in Equation (4)
wo X= 3.1667
20.027
162
Third Iteration : Put n=2 in Equation (4)
xg 10 _(3.162)2+10
= "2g 28.162)
3.162
aX 3.162
oy
Approximate root of Equation is 3.162
Use Newton Fi
following Y20 SL
Ex. 32:
Soin:Let x = 4/20
‘Taking cube on both sides
x3 = 20
3-20 = 0
Solution of Algebrate
Let f(x) 0
Differentiate Equation (1) wnt. %
(2)
f(0) = -20
f@) = -19
f(@) = -12<0
f@) = 720
1)
“= Change in sign takes place from 2 to 3
Let Xo = 2
x4(3X2) - (4-20)
3x.
= Taking LCM,
3x, 3x,
Putting n
equation f(x) = 0
First Iteration Putting n= 0 in Equation (4),
_ 24420 _2(2)8 +20
er
38
* Fail
=a
Second Iteration : Putting n. e Equation (1) w.rt.x
4 "
a see aast 0) | oe
7 (0) = (0°-7 ‘Taking cube on both sides,
i r * = 100,
3
t= 0) = 8-7 Tse
2) « Ge
Be a £0) = 8-100 ay
he Now ree Equation (1) wart. x,
, 1 Pe =
ge in sigt 4 place from 1 to 2 Put x20 > (0 fy =
Newton Raphson Method, A 0) ina
a
Ox), Iterative formula
**7a) | en x23
Xi (3x2)- (2-7) pe
ps =GH)2 Ge)
3x,
Taking LCM.
847 ate? R
ae 2
1, 2, .we get approximate root of |
“ation : Putting n = 0 in Equation (4),
2%-7 28 a7)
3 3(1)? lied Mathematics
4-22
tion : Putin =O in Equation (4),
2x} 100
2cayi + 100
3c?
x = 475
n : Putn = 1 in Equation (4),
2x} + 100
Xie =
ae
2(4.75) +100
*3(4.75)%
4644
ky = 4
x, 2475
X
Third Iteration : Putn = 2 in Equation (4),
4.
Ans. x= 0.46638
2x) +100
(4.644)8 + 100
3 (4.644)?
4.641
x= 4.644
Xs
Approximate root of Equation is 4.641
Find real root of the equation x2 + 2x-
bisection method using 5 iteration
Use bisection method to find root of the equation
x3-1,8x2- 16x-+17 = 0.
ind the real root lying between ~ 1 and - 2 of
x? + x24 3x + 4= 0 using bisection method at the
end of 6" iteration.
Find positive root of the equation x*- Sx + 1 = 0
using bisection method correct upto 4" place of
decimal at the end of 5" iteration.
Determine highest root of x? - 6x"+ 11x~5.9 = 0
by Regula-Falsi method.
Find the root of x* + 2x3+ 6x*+20x ~ 15 = 0 by
Regula-Falsi method at the end of 5" iteration.
Find the root of x? - x- 0.1 = 0 by Regula-Falsi
method.
Solve the equation e*cos x = 14 sin x
Newton Raphson method taking x =
iterations. 2
Salve by Newton Raphson method the equation
9%
(i) @*eosx- 1.250
‘Ans, x= 0.9412
(ii) x+sinx- 10-0
‘Ans, x= 0.510580
(lit) cos x- xe%= 0
‘Ans, x= 0.5181
(iv) xsinx+ cos x=0
‘Ans, x=2,7984
40. Find the root of the equation x - 25= 0 by
Bisecting method.
‘Ans. x=5.0158 s
41, Find the root of the equation : x log % = 12 by
using Bisecting method.
‘Ans, x= 2.688
412, Use Bisecting method of find the root of
f@)=e%—x
‘Ans. x= 0.5625
13. Find a real root of equation x° —
Regula-Falsi method. F
‘Ans. x= 2.09273
14. Find real root of the equation
lies between ~ 2 and -3.co
of decimals using Regula-F
ofthreeiterations,
Ans. x=-2.1873 a
15. Find real root of
Regula-Falsi
places,
Ans. x=1,04990_
16.
Ans,
17.