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These systems are modified according to the circadian rhythm of the body. A different system such
as capsular system, osmotic system, single-and multiple unit system dependent on the utilization of
soluble or erodible polymer coating, and the utilization of rupturable films has been managed in the
article. Low density porous multiparticulate systems have been used by researchers for formulation
of FDDS. For this purpose, azo bis isobutyronitrile (AIBN), a substance that photochemically
emanates nitrogen gas, was incorporated. Download Free PDF View PDF An updated review on
pulsatile drug delivery system Audumbar Mali, Dr. ritesh bathe Pulsatile Drug Delivery Systems are
gaining a lot of interest as they deliver the drug at the right place, at the right time and in the right
amount, thus providing spatial, temporal and smart delivery and increasing patient compliance. To
browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to
upgrade your browser. In these hydrogels are response to temperature changes and undergo
reversible volume known to be themosensitive gels. Oral pulsatile delivery systems based on
swellable hydrophilic polymers, Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 68: 11-18. 7.Abraham A and Mathew
T.S., Formulation and Evaluation of Enteric coated time released Press coated tablets of
Theophylline for chronopharmacotherapy.Scholars Research Library, 2012; 4(2):599-606. 8.Survase S
and Kumar N. Time controlled pulsatile release systems. B. Stimuli-induced pulsatile release system.
C. Externally regulated pulsatile release system. D. Multiparticulate regulated pulsatile release
system. In some instances where constant blood level of drugs is not desirable, in such cases
pulsatile drug delivery system is advisable. Kazunori, et al.30 developed a gel composed of Pnipaam
with phenylboronic acid moieties that showed a remarkable change in the swelling induced by
glucose. Timecontrolled oral delivery systems for colon targeting. Products that are currently under
development for commercialization are for the delivery of proteins, harmones, pain medications and
other pharmaceutical medications. For these systems, maintaining a lag time prior to release of drug
is the prime objective. Gothoskar AV, Joshi AM, Joshi NH: Pulsatile Drug Delivery Systems: A
Review. Drug Del. Tech. 2004; 4: 5-8. 11. Skloot, G.: Nocturnal Asthma: Mechanisms and
Management. This therapy is mainly applicable where sustained action is not required and drugs are
toxic. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or
phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. These are claimed to be carriers in stimuli-responsive
drug delivery. This system has shown reproducible results in vitro and in vivo. They utilized a
chemomechanical system, which contained a drug model within the polyelectrolyte gel structure.
Various methodologies are employed for developing pulsatile drug delivery like time controlled
PDDS which includes delivery systems with rupturable coating layer or with erodible coating layers
or with release controlling plug, stimuli induced PDDS less temperature induced and chemical stimuli
induced systems and externally regulated system. However, in recent years, pulsatile drug release
systems are gaining growing interest. Hence there is a time lag before the drug can be released,
corresponding to the time required for critical molecular weight to be reached. The drug was loaded
to the non-pareil seeds using PVP-K-30(2%) because the binder inside a conventional coating pan.
They used hyaluronic acid (HA) which is specifically degraded by the hyaluronidase or free radicals.
For preparing pulsatile delivery system, various design strategies have been proposed, most of them
are time controlling, stimuli induced, externally regulated and multiparticulate formulations. Cell
cytoskeleton and molecular motors.pdf Cell cytoskeleton and molecular motors.pdf odontogenic
keratocyst a developmental cyst odontogenic keratocyst a developmental cyst CHRONIC
IMMUNE-MEDIATED Demyelinating Neuropathies CHRONIC IMMUNE-MEDIATED
Demyelinating Neuropathies Pulsatile drug delivery systems presentation 1. SEMINAR. Namburi
phased spot test - NPST To identify bhasma and sindhura - A Qualitat. Hydrogels are made at lower
critical temperature by gels shrinks. This means that the rate of degradation of the polymer is such
that mass loss is faster than the ingress of water in to bulk.
Delivery by series of stops. d. Pulsatile delivery by solubility modulation 3. This isn’t a good
example of the job compiled by our professional essay authors. Various pulsatile technologies have
been developed on the basis of methodologies as discussed previously. A pulse must be planned so
that a complete and rapid medication release is accomplished after the lag time. Okano et al
developed the system based upon the fact that boronic acid moiety forms reversible bonds with
polyol compounds including glucose. To be able to facilitate an immediate drug release following the
lag phase, a fast release core was formulated. These can be formulated as Tablets, Capsules, Pellets,
Spheres, Beads. Osmotic based rupturable coating system E.g. Permeability controlled system 3.
Step 2: Energy source is activated by controlled permeation of GI. Further Thombre et al developed
osmotic drug delivery using swellable core technology wherein formulations consists of a core tablet
containing the drug and a water swellable component, and one or more delivery ports with
rutpurable coating layer. Time dependent release of the active ingredient can be obtained by
optimizing the thickness of the outer coat developed an oral dosage form devised to release drugs
following a programmed time period after administration based on this concept. Eudragit RS 30D is
reported to be a polymer of choice for this purpose. The potential benefits of chronotherapeutics
have been. In this type of system, the core containing drug is coated is coated with erosion or soluble
polymers and drug released is controlled by dissolution or erosion of outer coat. Modified drug
delivery systems, Targeted drug delivery and biopharmaceutical. Case 3: Osmotic capsule containing
micropores, Niwa et al. PDDS is helpful for the medications having chronopharmacological conduct
where night-time dosing is required, such as anti-arrhythmic, anti-ulcerative, and anti-asthmatic, and
so on The momentum survey article talked about the explanations behind the advancement of the
PDDS, benefits, limitation, mechanism of medication release, need for pulsatile drug delivery, a
disease that requires pulsatile technology, classification, and future parts of PDDS. White-colored
wax can be used to shine sugar coated tablets and also to adjust the melting reason for suppositories.
Pulsatile delivery system continues to be classified into different type mainly in line with the
mechanism involved. Chronotherapeutics have been used for number of diseases like asthma,
arthritis, cancer, diabetes, epilepsy, hypotension, ulcer, hypercholesterolemia etc. During
inflammation, hydroxyl radicals (OH) are produced from these inflammation-responsive cells.
Attention deficit syndrome Increase in DOPA level in Methylphenidate. Several controlled release
preparations are available which maintains constant drug concentration in the blood and tissues but it
is not desired all the time as it has some side effects such as resistance, tolerability and drug side
effects. These systems are modified according to the circadian rhythm of the body. Case 3: Osmotic
capsule containing micropores, Niwa et al. The pulse must be designed in such a way as to achieve a
total and rapid release after the lag time. At the inflammatory sites, inflammation-responsive
phagocytic cells, such as macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells, play a role in the healing process
of the injury. The pressure necessary for rupturable for coating can be achieved by swelling,
disintegration, effervescent excipients, or osmotic pressure. Degradation of HA via the
hyaluronidase is very low in a normal state of health. The research results demonstrated the lag
duration of the machine might be controlled by altering the thickness and composition from the outer
covering.
Lower daily cost to patient due to fewer dosage units are required by the patient in therapy. 7. Drug
adapts to suit circadian rhythms of body functions or diseases. 8. Drug targeting to specific site like
colon. 9. Protection of mucosa from irritating drugs. 10. Drug loss is prevented by extensive first
pass metabolism. 11. Patient comfort and compliance: Oral drug delivery is the most common and
convenient for patients, and a reduction in dosing frequency enhances compliance. These systems
drug release and respond to biological rhythms like temperature, or any other chemical stimuli.
Basically the mechanistic approach behind the strategy is based on the slowing down the movement
of oral drugs in the gastrointestinal system through magnetic attraction. However, in recent years,
pulsatile drug release systems are gaining growing interest. One prominent application of this
technology has been development of a system that can automatically release insulin in response to
elevated blood glucose levels. Inorder to emulate innate circadian rhythms, a reasonable and
generally accepted rationale is a delivery system capable of releasing drugs in pulsatile fashion rather
than continuous delivery at predetermined times. Osmotic system consists of capsule coated with the
semipermiable. These systems release therapeutic agents in presence of any biological factor like
enzyme, pH or any other chemical stimuli. It is reported that the weak and non-flexible ethyl
cellulose film ruptured adequately as compared with more flexible films. The lag time increases with
increasing coating thickness and hardness of the core table.15,16 The highly swellable agents called
superdisintegrants, were used to design a capsule based system comprising a drug, swelling agent
and rupturable polymer layer. 12-14. Yang et al developed pH-dependent delivery system of
nitrendipine in which they have mixed three kinds of pH dependent microspheres made up of acrylic
resins Eudragit E-100, Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate and Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
acetate succinate as pH dependent polymers. These systems are further classified into Temperature
Induced system and chemical stimulated Induced system on the basis of stimulus. Patel, Chirag J.
Patel and Biraju D. Patel: Pulsatile Drug Delivery Systems: An Overview International Journal of
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 2009; 2(3): 605-607. 3. Nitin Saigal, Sanjula Baboota,
Alka Ahuja and Javed Ali: Site Specific Chronotherapeutic Drug Delivery Systems: A Patent
Review. Keywords: Pulsatile, circadian rhythm, chronotherapeutics, hypercholesterolemia,
chronopharmacological behaviour. The effect of low calorie and high calorie meal on the lag time was
studied using gamma scintigraphy. Diabetes mellitus patients suffer long term from a gradual decline
in the efficiency of various organs, such as the occasional loss of eyesight. The various systems
discussed are time dependent systems, stimuli caused systems, exterior stimuli caused systems and
pulsatile release systems for vaccines and hormones. In order to overcome the potential problem of
variable gastric residence time of a single unit dosage forms, the pulsincap system was coated with
an enteric layer, which dissolved upon reaching the higher pH- regions of the small intestine. The lag
there was a time controlled between two pulsatile releases by modifying the number of lactose and
sodium alginate. Pulsatile delivery system aims to release drugs in planned pattern which means at
appropriate time or at appropriate site. Special attention was given to antigen antibody complex
formation as the cross-linking units in the gel, because specific antigen recognition of an antibody
can provide the basis for a new device fabrication. For this purpose, azo bis isobutyronitrile (AIBN),
a substance that photochemically emanates nitrogen gas, was incorporated. Various methodologies
are employed for developing pulsatile drug delivery like time controlled PDDS which includes
delivery systems with rupturable coating layer or with erodible coating layers or with release
controlling plug, stimuli induced PDDS less temperature induced and chemical stimuli induced
systems and externally regulated system. Arthritis Level of pain increases at NSAIDs,
Glucocorticoids. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare
Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. These systems are modified according to the circadian
rhythm of the body. PulsincapTM Rupturable system Dofetilide Hypertension. However, recently
there are certain conditions for which such release pattern is not suitable. By optimizing the system,
drug release can be obtained at specific time interval. Such conditions that lead to the requirements of
a time programmed therapeutic system, which capable of releasing drug after predetermined time
delay and maintain constant drug levels throught the day. During inflammation, hydroxyl radicals
(OH) are produced from these inflammation-responsive cells.
At this point, the structure starts to become significantly more porous and hydrated, and it is possible
for drug dissolved in the polymer matrix to be released, corresponding to the time required for
critical molecular weight to be reached. During inflammation, hydroxyl radicals (OH) are produced
from these inflammation-responsive cells. Thesepolymers are used as enteric coating materials so as
to provide release of drug in the small intestine. Modified release drug products, Targeted Drug
Delivery Systems and Biotechnol. Within the time controlled systems the drug release is controlled
through the delivery system, in stimuli caused pulsatile system the discharge is controlled by
different stimuli for example pH, enzymes contained in the digestive tract or even the delivery
system and exterior stimuli like magnetism, ultrasound, electrical effect or irradiation. It was
prepared by sealing the drug tablet and fillers inside an impermeable capsule body with erodible
plug. Barrow Motor Ability Test - TEST, MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION IN PHYSICAL
EDUC. Dissolves in dilute solutions of alkali hydroxide. System is composed of a drug-containing
core and a hydrophilic of delaying the drug release through slow interaction with aqueous fluids.
They prepared and nicotinamide-immobilized gel membranes, separately. They utilized a
chemomechanical system, which contained a drug model within the polyelectrolyte gel structure.
When glucose concentration in the blood increases glucose oxidase converts glucose into gluconic
acid which changes the pH of the system. This drug delivery system is designed to distribute drugs
in accordance with body clock. Time controlled pulsatile release systems. B. Stimuli-induced
pulsatile release system. C. Externally regulated pulsatile release system. D. Multiparticulate
regulated pulsatile release system. Therm-sensitive hydrogels have a certain affinity for water and
thus swell at temperatures below the transition temperature, where as the expel water and thus shrink
at temperature above the transition temperature. This is possible by filling an additional magnetic
component into capsules or tablets. There is a constant need for new delivery systems that can. When
microspheres were incorporated in the HA hydrogels as a model drug, these microspheres were
released only when hydroxyl radicals induced HA gel degradation. Ultradian Rhythms: Oscillations
of shorter duration are termed Ultradian Rhythms (more than one cycle per 24 h). E.g.90 minutes
sleep cycle. A pulse has to be designed in such a way that a complete and rapid drug release is
achieved after the lag time. Thus, drug molecules within the polyelectrolyte gels might be squeezed
out from the electric stimuli-induced gel contraction along with the solvent flow. The theory
justification for the use of pulsatile release is for drugs where a continuous release of drugs is not
needed, i.e. a zero-order release. Site controlled release in which the drug release is controlled pH, or
enzymes present in the intestinal tract. Furthermore, time-based colonic release is possible when
pulsatile delivery devices are correctly modified to overcome unexpected gastric emptying and give
delay periods that roughly match the small intestine transit time. The product follows a sigmoidal
drug release profile characterized by a time period of no release (lag time) followed by a rapid and
complete drug release. Hydrogels are made at lower critical temperature by gels shrinks. The plug
material consists of insoluble but permeable and swellable. An effervescent mixture of citric acid and
sodium bicarbonate was incorporated in a tablet core coated with ethyl cellulose. Oral pulsatile
administration is accomplished using several release platforms, including reservoir, capsular, and
osmotic devices. The microsphere release was regulated by the surface erosion type of degradation.
Case 1: Osmotic system containing insoluble plug (eg. PORT. Most of them consist of an insoluble
capsule body, containing the drug, and a plug, which gets removed after a predetermined lag time
because of swelling erosion or dissolution. e.g. Pulsincap system and port system. A different system
such as capsular system, osmotic system, single-and multiple unit system dependent on the utilization
of soluble or erodible polymer coating, and the utilization of rupturable films has been managed in
the article. Introduction Endocrinology class -2.pptx Introduction Endocrinology class -2.pptx
seminario bio mol- sofia lopez valenciaa seminario bio mol- sofia lopez valenciaa Tolerance
Hydra10P Avene trainings blink Tolerance Hydra10P Avene trainings blink Seminario biologia
molecular-Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Using the growing power of dibasic calcium
phosphate ( insoluble excipient) and HPMC( gel-developing excipient), the lag there was a time also
found to improve. Special attention was given to antigen antibody complex formation as the cross-
linking units in the gel, because specific antigen recognition of an antibody can provide the basis for
a new device fabrication. This drug delivery system is designed to distribute drugs in accordance
with body clock. In an approach used by Jimoh et al, pulsatile release was achieved by generation of
hydrostatic pressure inside the capsule. For biomedical applications, magnetic carriers must be water-
based, biocompatible, non-toxic and non-immunogenic. Controlled-release agent stabilizing agent
stiffening agent. Thus, these systems deliver the drug at the right site of action at the right time and
in the right amount, thus providing spatial and temporal delivery and increasing patient compliance.
Formulation and Evaluation of Chrono Modulated Pulsatile Drug Delivery System. Time dependent
release of drug can be obtained by optimizing the thickness of outer coat. Multiparticulate systems
consists pellets of different release profile which can be of any type like time dependent, pH
dependent, micro flora activated system as discussed in the previous sections. This pH change
induces swelling of the polymer which results in insulin release. The potential benefits of
chronotherapeutics have been nvestigated and established for number of diseases like asthma,
arthritis, cancer, diabetes, epilepsy, hypertension, ulcer, hypercholesterolemia etc. Electrically
responsivedelivery systems are prepared from polyelectrolytes and are thuspH-responsive as well as
electro responsive. In the body, HA is mainly degraded either by a specific enzyme, hyaluronidase,
or hydroxyl radicals. See Full PDF Download PDF See Full PDF Download PDF Related Papers
PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A MECHANISTIC UPDATE Editor iajps Pulsatile
drug delivery systems are the systems which deliver the drug according to the circadian rhythm of
the body. These drugs give hazardous problems in conventional and sustained release therapies.
Thesepolymers are used as enteric coating materials so as to provide release of drug in the small
intestine. These systems are further classified into Temperature Induced system and chemical
stimulated Induced system on the basis of stimulus. They prepared and nicotinamide-immobilized
gel membranes, separately. The film rupture may be attained by including swelling, osmotic or
effervescent additives in the reservoir8. This therapy is mainly applicable where sustained action is
not required and drugs are toxic. On contact with aqueous fluids,the cap rapidly dissolves thereby
releasing the immediate release component followed by pulsed release component. The lag time prior
to the drug release can be controlled by the dimension and position of the plug. Kazunori, et al.30
developed a gel composed of Pnipaam with phenylboronic acid moieties that showed a remarkable
change in the swelling induced by glucose. The mean lag time of drug release was 345 and 333 min
respectively. Also irradiation with light rays the desired drug release pattern.
Multiparticulate systems consists pellets of different release profile which can be of any type like
time dependent, pH dependent, micro flora activated system as discussed in the previous sections.
Bursitis is inflammation or irritation of a bursa sac. Formulation and Evaluation of Chrono
Modulated Pulsatile Drug Delivery System. Asthma Precipitation of attacks ?2 agonist,
Antihistamines. The release may depend on the mechanical properties of the coating layer. Peptic
ulcer Acid secretion is high in the H2blockers. Special attention was given to antigen antibody
complex formation as the cross-linking units in the gel, because specific antigen recognition of an
antibody can provide the basis for a new device fabrication. Case 3: Osmotic capsule containing
micropores, Niwa et al. Cardiovascular diseases BP is at its lowest during the Nitroglycerin, calcium.
They utilized a chemomechanical system, which contained a drug model within the polyelectrolyte
gel structure. Kazunori, et al.30 developed a gel composed of Pnipaam with phenylboronic acid
moieties that showed a remarkable change in the swelling induced by glucose. The lag time depends
on the thickness of the coating layer. This barrier erodes or dissolves after a specific lag period, and
the drug is subsequently released rapidly from reservoir core. The pharmacokinetics and pharmaco-
dynamics from the different drugs like anti-asthmatics, H-2 blockers and cardiovascular drugs also
show daily variation. Work-role of Radiation Therapists in the Consequences of Adaptive
Radiotherap. Hence the sample is eroded from the surface, at controlled and predictable rate. The
theory justification for the use of pulsatile release is for drugs where a continuous release of drugs is
not needed, i.e. a zero-order release. There are numerous kinds of bioactive compounds which exist
in the body. In this type of system, the core containing drug is coated is coated with erosion or
soluble polymers and drug released is controlled by dissolution or erosion of outer coat. Three
dimentional Externally regulated Diclofenac Inflammation. These systems are designed according to
the circadian rhythm of the body. This system has shown reproducible results in vitro and in vivo.
Inflammation-induced pulsatile release When human beings receive physical or chemical stress, such
as injury, broken bones, etc., inflammation reactions take place at the injured sites. The effect of low
calorie and high calorie meal on the lag time was studied using gamma scintigraphy. The research into
the time dependent swelling pressure data confirmed the transmission rate from the medium
controlled the diffusion controlled swelling pressure development. These can be formulated as
Tablets, Capsules, Pellets, Spheres, Beads. Evaluation of low viscosity HPMC as retarding coating
material in the preparation of a time-based oral colon specific delivery system. A pulse must be
planned so that a complete and rapid medication release is accomplished after the lag time. Several
systems have already been developed which are able to respond to glucose concentration changes.
System is composed of a drug-containing core and a hydrophilic of delaying the drug release
through slow interaction with aqueous fluids.