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Change To Materials

The document summarizes key science concepts across several topics: - Materials can change states when temperature changes, melting solids and freezing liquids. Boiling occurs at a substance's boiling point while evaporation can occur at any temperature below boiling. - Chemical reactions involve reactants forming new substances called products. Evidence of chemical reactions includes gas production, color changes, and temperature changes. - In physics, mass is measured in kg while weight is measured in N and depends on mass and gravity. Forces can change the motion and shape of objects. - Light reflects and refracts changing direction. Circuits using cells, switches, lamps and buzzers can be compared in series and parallel. - Rocks

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vanessa.livania
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38 views35 pages

Change To Materials

The document summarizes key science concepts across several topics: - Materials can change states when temperature changes, melting solids and freezing liquids. Boiling occurs at a substance's boiling point while evaporation can occur at any temperature below boiling. - Chemical reactions involve reactants forming new substances called products. Evidence of chemical reactions includes gas production, color changes, and temperature changes. - In physics, mass is measured in kg while weight is measured in N and depends on mass and gravity. Forces can change the motion and shape of objects. - Light reflects and refracts changing direction. Circuits using cells, switches, lamps and buzzers can be compared in series and parallel. - Rocks

Uploaded by

vanessa.livania
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Change to materials

Describe how temperature


affects solids dissolving in
liquids and relate it to the
particle model.

The increase in temperature through heat melts the ice cube.


The decrease of temperature through cooling freezes the ice cube.
Describe the difference
between boiling and
evaporation.
Evaporation: Process of liquid
changing into gas at the surface of
the liquid at any temperature
below the boiling point

Boiling: At the boiling point,


bubbles formed are the
substance in gaseous state
Understand that chemical
reactions involve substances,
called reactants, interacting to
form new substances, called
products.

The reactant is the substance before the chemical reactions


occur, and the products are the substances after the chemical
reaction occurs
A+B  C+D
Observe and describe the evidence
that a chemical reaction has taken
place (limited to a gas being
produced, colour change and change
in temperature).

The change in colour or odour can be an indicator that new products are formed, signalling that a chemical
reaction has occurred. Formation of bubbles causes decrease in temperature.
Examples: Heating of sugar to caramel, Adding sodium bicarbonate to vinegar produces carbon dioxide and
sodium acetate.
Physics
Forces and energy
Describe the difference
between mass, measured in
kilograms (kg), and weight,
measured in newtons (N).

Weight refers to the


downward pulling force
Mass is a measure of how
due to gravity. The
much matter an object
weighing scales measures
has. It is measured in
the effect of gravity acting
grams (g) or kilograms
on the mass of an object.
(kg).
It measures the weight of
an object in Newtons (N).
Describe the effect of gravity
and know that when gravity
changes, the weight of an
object changes but the mass
does not.

The weight of an object depends on its mass and


the strength of gravity acting on it. Our mass
stays the same with changes in gravity
Use force diagrams to show
the name, size and direction
of forces acting on an object.
Describe the effect of
different forces on an object
at rest and in motion.

An object at rest on a surface experiences a downward pulling force due to its gravity.
Force can change the shape of an object by pushing and pulling.
The friction that is between the object and the surface causes the object to slow down.
Adding additional force that is greater than friction causes the object to increase speed.
If friction is greater, the object slows down.
Recognise that the mass and
shape of an object can affect
if it floats or sinks

An object floats when the buoyant force acting on it is equal to the weight of the object.
An object sinks when the buoyant force acting on it is less than the weight of the object.
Light and Sound
Describe how a ray of light
changes direction when it is
reflected from a plane mirror.

The smooth surface of a plane mirror is a very good reflector of light.


When light reflects off the surface of an object, the angle formed between
the reflected light ray and the dotted line is always the same as the angle
formed between the incoming light ray hitting the object and the dotted
line.
Describe how a ray of light
changes direction when it
travels through different
mediums and know that this
is called refraction.

The bending of light when


light travels from one
medium to another is called
refraction. When light travels
from one medium to another,
it moves faster or slower,
causing it to change direction
and bend.
Electricity and magnetism
Use diagrams and conventional
symbols to represent, make and
compare circuits that include
cells, switches, lamps and
buzzers.
Make simple circuits and
compare the brightness of
lamps in series and parallel
circuits.

The lamps are dimmer in a series circuit vs parallel circuit.


Earth and Space
Planet Earth
Know that rocks can be
classified as metamorphic,
igneous and sedimentary,
and describe the identifying
features of each type of rock.
Describe the way fossils can
form in sedimentary rocks

Dead plants and animals are trapped between the layers of sediments become fossils.
Know that there are different
types of soils and they can be
classified based on their clay,
sand and organic content.
Know that soil composition
can change, which can
support, or hinder, plant
growth

Soil composition can change because the minerals and


organic materials in the soil are used up by the plants. Lack of
the nutrient in the soil hinder plant growth. Some soil can’t
let water to pass through.
Cycle on Earth
Describe the rock cycle and the formation of
metamorphic, igneous and sedimentary rocks in
terms of solidification, erosion, sedimentation,
burial, metamorphism and melting.

Some
Earth in Space
Describe the relative position
and movement of the planets,
the Moon and the Sun in the
Solar System.
Observe and describe the
changes in the appearance of
the Moon over its monthly
cycle.
Science in Context
Describe how scientific knowledge
and understanding changes over
time through the use of evidence
gained by enquiry.
Describe how science is used
in their local area.
Use science to support points
when discussing issues,
situations or actions.
Identify people who use science,
including professionally, in their
area and describe how they use
science.

Invented by Alexander Graham Bell Penicillin invented by Alexander Fleming


Invented by Thomas A. Edison
Discuss how the use of science
and technology can have positive
and negative environmental
effects on their local area.

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