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MAE101 Exercises guide-1

Mathematics for Engineering (Đại học FPT Hà Nội)

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EXERCISES GUIDE - MAE101

NGUYEN XUAN BACH

C ONTENTS
0. Review of functions 1
1. The limit laws 1
2. Defining the derivative 2
3. The fundamental theorem of calculus 2
4. Derivatives as rates of changes 2
5. Related rates 3
6. The mean value theorem 3
7. Maxima and minima 3
8. Newton’s method 3
9. Approximating areas 4
10. Improper integrals 4

0. R EVIEW OF FUNCTIONS
√
Problem 0.1. Choose f (x) and g(x) such that f ◦ g(x) = x3 + x.
√
Solution. By definition, f ◦ g(x) = f (g(x)). So f (x) = x, g(x) = x3 + x. □

1. T HE LIMIT LAWS
√ √
Problem 1.1. Find the limit limx→+∞ ( x2 + ax − x2 + bx).
√ √
The idea of the solution. Note that when x → +∞, both x2 + ax and x2 + bx tend to +∞, so we
can not use the limit laws √ this limit ((+∞) − (+∞) is non-sense). Therefore, we want
√ to compute
to eliminate the term x2 + ax − x2 + bx. □
Solution.
p p p p (a − b)x
x2 + ax − x2 + bx = x2 + ax + x2 + bx = √ √ .
(x2 + ax) − (x2 + bx) x2 + ax + x2 + bx
And the last term equals to √ a−b√ . It tends to a−b
1+1 = a−b
2 since limx→+∞ 1x = 0. □
1+ ax + 1+ bx

1
Problem 1.2. Find the value of limx→0+ 1+e1/x
.

Solution. When x → 0+ , we have 1

x → +∞. On the other hand,
lim ex = +∞,
x→+∞

so limx→0+ e1/x = +∞. It follows that limx→0+ 1 + e1/x = 1 + limx→0+ e1/x = +∞ so

1
lim+ = 0.
x→0 1 + e1/x
□
1

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2 NGUYEN XUAN BACH

2. D EFINING THE DERIVATIVE

Problem 2.1. Find the slope of the tangent line to the curve y3 x + x2 y = 10 at the point (1, 2).
Solution. The problem requires us to find y′ (1). Taking the derivative of the equation y3 x + x2 y =
10, we get
dy dy
3y2 x + y3 + 2xy + x2 = 0.
dx dx
When x = 1, y = 2, we get
dy dy
12 + 8 + 4 + = 0.
dx dx
dy 12
Hence dx = − 13 . □

3. T HE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF CALCULUS

Problem 3.1. Evaluate the indefinite integral
Z
√
x sin(1 + x3/2 ) dx

Solution. Put u = 1 + x3/2 . We compute

3√
du = x dx.
2
Hence,
Z
√ 3/2
Z
2 2 2
x sin(1 + x ) dx = sin(u) du = − cos(u) +C = − cos(1 + x3/2 ) +C.
3 3 3
□

4. D ERIVATIVES AS RATES OF CHANGES

Problem 4.1. The displacement (in feet) of a certain particle moving in a straight line is given by
s = t 3 /8, where t is measured in seconds. Find the average velocity over the integral [1; 1, 8].
Solution. The average velocity is
s(1, 8) − s(1)
= 0, 755.
0, 8
□
Problem 4.2. A particle moves along a straight line with velocity function v(t) = 2 sin(t)−4 cos(t)
and its initial displacement is s(0) = 4. Find its position function.
Solution. Z t
s(t) − s(0) = v(x) dx,
0
Z t
s(t) − 4 = 2 sin(x) − 4 cos(x) dx.
0
We have
RH = −2 cos(x) − 4 sin(x)|t0 = −2 cos(t) − 4 sin(t) − (−2) = −2 cos(t) − 4 sin(t) + 2.
Hence s(t) = −2 cos(t) − 4 sin(t) + 6. □
Problem 4.3. If a ball is thrown into the air with a velocity of 45 ft/s, its height in feet after t
seconds is given by y = 45t − 15t 2 . Find the instantaneous velocity when t = 4.
Solution. We have
v(t) = y′ (t) = (45t − 15t 2 )′ = 45 − 30t.
Thus v(4) = 45 − 4.30 = −75. □

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EXERCISES GUIDE - MAE101 3

5. R ELATED RATES
Problem 5.1. The radius r of a sphere is increasing at the rate of 0.2(cm/s). At what rate (in
cm3 /s) is the volume V of the sphere increasing when r = 3cm.

Solution. The volume is given by the formula V = 43 π r3 . So we have dV

dt = 4π r2 dr
dt . The problem
requires us to compute dV
dt . We get

dV
= 4π .32 .0, 2 ≈ 22, 62.
dt
□

6. T HE MEAN VALUE THEOREM

Problem 6.1. Find the values of c that satisfy the conclusion of the mean value theorem for the
function on the given interval:
f (x) = x + 54/x on [6, 9].

Solution. The problem requires us to find c ∈ (6, 9) such that

f ′ (c) = 0.
√
We have f ′ (c) = 1 − 54
c2
. It follows that c = 3 6 ≈ 7, 35. □

7. M AXIMA AND MINIMA

1
Problem 7.1. Find the critical numbers of the function y = x2 +1
.

Solution. The critical numbers of a function f are the numbers c at which f are not differentiable
or such f ′ (c) = 0. In this problem, the function y are differentiable so we seek c such that f ′ (c) = 0.
We have f ′ (x) = (x−2x
2 +1)2 so c = 0. □

8. N EWTON ’ S METHOD
Problem 8.1. Use Newton’s method with the specified initial approximation x1 to find x3 , the third
approximation to the root of the given equation:

x3 − 3x + 2 = 0, x1 = 3.

Solution. We use CASIO calculator to solve this problem. The following is the typing:
3
−3A+2
3 STO A A- A 3A2 −3 STO A = .

Note that the formula in the big box is due to Newton’s formula:
3
xn−1 − 3xn−1 + 2
f (xn−1 )
xn = xn−1 − ′
= x n−1 − 2
.
f (xn−1 ) 3xn−1 −3

And we only need to type 1 = since we need to compute to x3 . In general, we type n − 2 = to

compute xn starting with given x1 . □

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4 NGUYEN XUAN BACH

9. A PPROXIMATING AREAS
R5
Problem 9.1. Use the Simpson rule with n = 6 steps to approximate the integral 2 f (x) dx :
x 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5
f (x) 5 4 10 7 6 9 8
5−2
Solution. ∆x = 6 = 0, 5.
Z 5
∆x
f (x) dx ≈ ( f (2) + 4 f (2, 5) + 2 f (3) + 4 f (3, 5) + 2 f (4) + 4 f (4, 5) + f (5)) ≈ 20, 83.
2 3
□
Problem 9.2. Use the left-end point rule with n = 3 to approximate the integral:
Z 3
ex dx.
0
3−0
Solution. We have ∆x = 3 = 1. The left-end points are 0, 1, 2 so
Z 3
f (x) dx ≈ ∆x( f (0) + f (1) + f (2)).
0
Put f (x) = ex , we get the approximation 11, 11. □
Problem 9.3. Use the Trapezoidal Rule with n = 6 steps to approximate the integral
x 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5
f (x) 5 4 8 7 6 9 10
5−2
Solution. ∆x = 6 = 0, 5.
Z 5
∆x
f (x) dx ≈ ( f (2) + 2 f (2, 5) + · · · + 2 f (4, 5) + f (5)) = 20, 75.
2 2
□

10. I MPROPER INTEGRALS

We recall the following important example:
Example 10.1. The improper integral Z +∞
1
dx
1 xp
converges when p > 1 and diverges when p ≤ 1.
Problem 10.2. Determine whether the following improper integral converges or diverges:
(1) 1+∞ √6x2dx+9 ,
R
R +∞ dx
(2) 1 1/3
x +1
(3) 06 √6−x
dx
R
,
R 1 e1/x
(4) 0 x2 dx,
(5) 0+∞ e−6x dx,
R

(6) 1+∞ 1+ln(x)

R
x dx.
Solution. (1) We use the comparison theorem. When x ≥ 1
6 6 6
√ ≥√ =√ .
2
x +9 2
x + 9x 2 10x
R +∞
By Example 10.1, the improper integral √6 dx diverges. Thus, the improper integral
1 10x
R +∞ 6 dx
1
√
2
also diverges.
x +9

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EXERCISES GUIDE - MAE101 5

(2) This integral is similar to the integral in (1). We have

1 1 1
1/3
≤ 1/3 1/3
= 1/3 .
x +1 x +x 2x
On the other hand, 1 2x1/3 diverges by Example 10.1, so the integral 1+∞ x1/3dx+1 also
R +∞ dx R

diverges.
(3) When t < 6, we have
Z t
dx √ t √ √
√ = −2 6 − x = −2 6 − t + 2 6.
0 6−x 0
R 6 dx √ √ √
Hence 0 √6−x = limt→6− −2 6 − t + 2 6 = 2 6, so the integral converges.
(4) We use the comparison theorem. Since e1/x > 1 when x > 0, we have
e1/x 1
2
≥ 2.
x x
R1 1 1
1
We have t x2 dx = − x = −1 + 1t . Hence
t
Z 1
1 1
dx = lim+ −1 + = +∞.
0 x2 t→0 t
R 1 e1/x
Thus, 0 x2 also diverges.
(5) We compute
t
e−6x e−6t − 1
Z t
−6x
e dx = = .
0 −6 −6
0
As limt→−∞ e−6t = 0, we get
e−6t − 1 1
Z +∞
e−6x dx = lim = .
0 t→+∞ −6 6
Thus, the improper integral converges and equals to 61 .
(6) We use the comparison theorem to evaluate the improper integral. We have
1 + ln(x) 1
≥ ,
x x
as ln(x) ≥ 0 when x ≥ 1. On the other hand
Z t t
1
= ln |x| = ln |t|.
1 x 1
Hence, Z +∞
1
= lim ln |t| = +∞.
1 x t→+∞
It follows that 1+∞ 1+ln(x)
R
x also diverges.
□

E DUCATION Z ONE , H OA L AC H I - TECH PARK , K M 29, T HANG L ONG B OULEVARD , T HACH H OA , T HACH
T HAT, H A N OI , V IETNAM
Email address: bachnx9@fe.edu.vn

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