Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION VI- WESTERN VISAYAS
DIVISION OF ESCALANTE CITY
ESCALANTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Topic Photon Concept and Its Application (M8)

Subject/Grade Level Physical Science Grade 12
Time Allotment 50 minutes
TEACHER MARIA DINA G. TAYACTAC
Date: December 12-15, 2022
Checked by:
Learning Competencies and Objectives

Learning Competency:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Explain how the photon concept and the fact that the energy of a photon is directly proportional
to its frequency can be used to explain why red light is used in photographic dark rooms, why we
get easily sunburned in ultraviolet light but not in visible light, and how we see colors
(S11/12PS-IVf-61)
Learning Objectives:
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. explain how photon theory accounts for photoelectric effect and atomic spectra;
2. apply the wavelength-frequency-energy relationship in solving word problems;
3. explain how the photon concept can be used to explain photographic dark rooms, sunburns, and
our perception of colors;

ELICIT
• Reviewing the previous lesson or presenting the new lesson

Key Questions:
1. How are reflection and refraction explained by the wave and particle models of light?
2. Explain how light behaves as a wave and as a particle.
3. How do objects appear when all of the colors of light are absorbed? Reflected? Selectively
absorbed?

ENGAGE
• Establishing a purpose for the lesson
• Presenting examples/ instances of the new lesson

Brgy. Alimango, Escalante City, Negros Occidental, Philippines

Tel. No. 724-7057
School Email Add: 302625@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VI- WESTERN VISAYAS
DIVISION OF ESCALANTE CITY
ESCALANTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 Present the objective of the lesson

EXPLORE
• Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #1
• Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2

 Where is my reflection?
 You will need a flat mirror, a laser, and a partner for this activity. Put your mirror carefully on the
line labeled “mirror”. Ask your partner to shine the laser light in each of the dotted lines as
represented with numbers 1 to 4. Observe and draw a straight line using a ruler to show the
location of the laser light after it hits the mirror. Label the lines you draw with letters A to D

 Guide Questions:
1. Label the diagram with the following words: incident ray and reflected ray
2. How will you describe light rays 1 to 4 in relation to the mirror? ____________
__________________________________________________________________________
3. How will you describe the light rays that you labeled as A to D? ___________
__________________________________________________________________________
4. What do you call the ray going into the mirror? ___________________________
5. What do you call the ray coming out of the mirror? ________________________
6. What behavior of light was exhibited in the activity above? ________________

EXPLAIN
• Developing mastery (leads to formative assessment 3)

Brgy. Alimango, Escalante City, Negros Occidental, Philippines

Tel. No. 724-7057
School Email Add: 302625@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VI- WESTERN VISAYAS
DIVISION OF ESCALANTE CITY
ESCALANTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 Newton concluded in 1700 that light was a group of particles (corpuscular theory) but at
the same time others thought that it was a wave (wave theory).
 Light travels in a straight line so Newton believed that it was a flow of particles coming
from a light source.
 Rene Descartes was the first who studied and explained the concept of refraction.
 He used a spherical glass filled with water and sunlight to produce a rainbow.
 He explained that refraction brought about the formation of rainbows.
 He then used a prism to observe the emergence of colors of light.
 He also explained the emergence of colors of light through the concept of the plenum,
the invisible substance that permeated the universe. He visualized that the plenum was
made of tiny rotating balls with the same speed. Light travelled through this plenum.
 Sir Isaac Newton also studied the emergence of colors of light through a prism. He
stated that the difference in refraction was due to the differences in the mass of the
colors of light. Particles of matter also exert equal force to the particles of light.
 The colors of light with different mass and inertia will be deflected at varying degrees.
When they passed through an interface of matter, light particles with great mass and
inertia are deflected less when acted upon by the same force of matter.
Dual Property of Light (A Wave and a Particle)
 Light can behave both as a wave and as a particle. As particles, they travel in straight
lines, thus, producing shadows when they hit an obstruction.
 It is also the reason why light bounces off or reflects off of mirrors. Refraction is also
brought about by light particles when they traverse through media or materials of
different refractive indices. It is thought that opposing forces pull the particles of light
from and into the medium resulting to changes of their direction.
 Light also acts as a wave. It has the ability to diffract or bend around an object.
Diffraction involves a change in direction of waves when they pass from an opening or
around obstacles along their path. Refraction happens when light waves change direction
as they travel through materials of different refractive indices, say water and air.
Reflection and Refraction of Light
 Reflection and refraction are phenomena that are well-explained by the behaviors of
light. When a source emits light, its dual property can be observed in different
circumstances.
 Refracting particles of light should also change direction upon passing between two
media. It is suggested in this theory that a special force directed perpendicular to the
interface acts to change the speed of the particles as they enter the second medium,
resulting to bending of light particles.
 Reflection produces different types of images depending on what kind of surface light
strikes on. Usually, the study on images is carried out using mirrors as the reflecting
surface. Mirrors can be planar, concave, or convex.
 Concave mirrors are known as converging mirrors because light is focused at a point as it
strikes and reflects back from the reflecting surface.
 Convex mirrors are diverging mirrors because as light strikes and bounces back it
spreads over a required region.
Propagation of Light
 Light is an electromagnetic radiation that travels through space as vibrating or oscillating
waves. It is composed of alternating electric and magnetic fields that oscillate
perpendicular to each other to the direction of propagation. It travels at a speed of
3.0x108 𝑚𝑠 through a vacuum.
 The electromagnetic spectrum (EM) is composed of waves with varying frequencies,
thus, carrying different amounts of energy. The figure below shows the EM spectrum and
Brgy. Alimango, Escalante City, Negros Occidental, Philippines
Tel. No. 724-7057
School Email Add: 302625@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VI- WESTERN VISAYAS
DIVISION OF ESCALANTE CITY
ESCALANTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

the corresponding wavelengths of each wave.

ELABORATE
• Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living
• Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson

 Key Questions
1. Explain how light behaves as a wave and as a particle.
2. How are reflection and refraction explained by the wave and particle models of light?
3. State the laws of reflection and refraction.
4. What is the speed of light in a vacuum?
5. Draw the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum and label its parts.
6. How do objects appear when all of the colors of light are absorbed? Reflected?
Selectively absorbed?
7. Why do clouds look white?
EVALUATE
• Evaluating learning

1. What do you call the phenomenon by which the incident light falling on the surface is sent back into
the same medium?
A. Absorption B. Reflection C. Polarization D. Refraction
2. What angle is formed by an incoming ray with the normal?
A. Angle of reflection B. Angle of refraction C. Angle of incidence D. Angle of equivalence
3. Which statement best describes the “Law of reflection”?
A. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
B. The angle of reflection is perpendicular to the normal.
C. The angle of reflection is parallel to the angle of incidence
D. Both the angle of incidence and reflection lie in different planes.
4. In what ways can light’s behaviour be described?
a. Curve and linear motions b. Projectile motion
c. Waves and particles d. Waves and shadows
5. What are knocked off when light photons strike metal surfaces?
a. Electrons b. Neutrons c. Positrons d. Protons
EXTEND
• Additional activities for application or remediation

Now that you have learned the concept of reflection, it’s your turn to apply what you have
learned. Answer the following questions using your understanding of the reflection of light.

1. How will you use the Law of reflection to show how image forms on a plane mirror?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. Why do you think you see a full image of yourself when you look at the mirror but you cannot
see a reflection of yourself when you look at a book?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

3. Do you think the law of reflection supports the wave theory or the particle theory of light?
Explain your answer.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Brgy. Alimango, Escalante City, Negros Occidental, Philippines

Tel. No. 724-7057
School Email Add: 302625@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VI- WESTERN VISAYAS
DIVISION OF ESCALANTE CITY
ESCALANTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

REMARKS
 43/50 or 86% of learners attained an 83% level of proficiency.
 Proceed to the next lesson

Prepared by:

MARIA DINA G. TAYACTAC

SCIENCE TEACHER

Brgy. Alimango, Escalante City, Negros Occidental, Philippines

Tel. No. 724-7057
School Email Add: 302625@deped.gov.ph