Scribd
Upload
45 views4 pages

Diffraction

- Mira Metwally conducted an experiment on diffraction and interference of light using a He-Ne laser, optical bench, slit holder, and screen. - The experiment explored Fraunhofer diffraction patterns using single and multiple slits to understand how slit width and number of slits influence the diffraction patterns. - Key results were determining the width of single slits by measuring diffraction angles and applying the diffraction equation, providing insights into the wave nature of light.

Uploaded by

mira.120230131
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
45 views4 pages

Diffraction

- Mira Metwally conducted an experiment on diffraction and interference of light using a He-Ne laser, optical bench, slit holder, and screen. - The experiment explored Fraunhofer diffraction patterns using single and multiple slits to understand how slit width and number of slits influence the diffraction patterns. - Key results were determining the width of single slits by measuring diffraction angles and applying the diffraction equation, providing insights into the wave nature of light.

Uploaded by

mira.120230131
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Name: Mira Metwally

ID: 120230131
Section: 6
Email: mira.120230131@ejust.edu.eg
Experiment: Diffraction and Interfrence of light

\
Diffraction and interference of light

Abstract:
Light is a transverse electromagnetic wave therefore diffraction and interference
are some of its characteristics. The tendency of a wave propagating from a fixed
point or passing through a narrow hole to spread out is known as diffraction.
Interference of light is a phenomenon that occurs when two or more light waves
overlap, leading to the formation of alternating bright and dark regions known as
interference fringes. This experiment delves into the phenomena of diffraction and
interference of light waves, exploring their behavior when passing through various
types of slits. The apparatus includes a He-Ne laser, an optical bench with slit
holder, a set of slits, and a screen. The procedure involves setting up the apparatus,
measuring distances, identifying diffraction patterns, and calculating slit widths.
This experimental exploration provides valuable insights into the wave nature of
light and is essential for understanding fundamental optics principles.
Aim:
- Observe the diffraction pattern of plane waves through a single slit and
investigate the relation between the slit width and the diffraction angle.
- Monitor interference patterns by multiple slits and examine how the patterns
depend on the number of slits to understand the principle that describes the
phenomenon of diffraction and interference.
Introduction:
when a wave encounters an aperture or obstacle and the resulting diffraction
pattern is observed at a distant screen it is called a Fraunhofer diffraction
Fraunhofer diffraction can be understood through Huygens' principle, which states
that each point on a wavefront serves as a source of secondary spherical wavelets.
These wavelets interfere with each other, leading to the observed diffraction
pattern.
Consider a coherent, monochromatic light source passing through a single slit.
According to Huygens' principle, each point on the slit acts as a secondary source
of spherical waves. The waves interfere constructively and destructively, leading to
a diffraction pattern on the screen beyond the slit. The intensity distribution of the
resulting pattern can be described by the single-slit diffraction equation:

 I(θ) is the intensity of light at an angle θ from the central maximum.


 I0 is the intensity of the incident light.
 α is the phase difference between light waves reaching the screen from
different parts of the slit.
The intensity of the diffracted light varies with the angle from the central
maximum, following a specific diffraction pattern.
The width of the slit, the wavelength of light, and the distance to the screen all
influence the resulting diffraction pattern.
For double-slit diffraction, interference occurs between the light waves emerging
from two adjacent slits. This interference results in a pattern of alternating bright
and dark fringes on the screen. The intensity distribution for double-slit diffraction
can be described by the double-slit interference equation:

 d is the distance between the slits.


 λ is the wavelength of light.
 β is the phase difference between light waves reaching the screen from
different slits.
 θ is the angle measured from the central maximum
The spacing between the slits, the wavelength of light, and the angle of observation
determine the positions and intensities of the fringes.
Experimental:
Apparatus: 1- He-Ne laser. 2- Optical bench with slit holder.. 3- Set of slits. 4-
Screen. Procedure: - Attach the single slight to the slit holder mounted on the
optical bench. Set the laser, the optical bench and the viewing screen so that the
laser beam is parallel to the bench and perpendicular to the slit. - Measure distance
L between the slit and the screen, L should be larger than 1m. (Fraunhofer
Diffraction) - From the diffraction pattern, locate the position of the central
maximum and those of dark fringes up to m=3 - From the equation 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 = 𝒎𝝀
find the width of the slit. - Repeat the same steps as single slit and calculate the slit
width from 𝒅 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 = 𝒎
Conclusion:
Through the experiment, the width of the slit was determined using Fraunhofer
diffraction patterns and relevant equations. The results provide valuable insights
into the behavior of light when passing through narrow slits, contributing to our
understanding of diffraction phenomena.
References:
Fundamentals of Photonics" by Bahaa E. A. Saleh and Malvin Carl Teich
"Modern Optical Engineering" by Warren J. Smith

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy