BT UNIVERSITY

PROFESSIONAL ASSESSMENT & CREDITS EVALUATION

SUBJECT: ENGINEERING PHYSICS

B TEC ENGINEERING COMMON TO ALL BRANCHES

PART I (EACH QUESTION CARRIES 2 MARKS)

FREQUENTLY ASKED EXAM QUESTION - (UNIVERSITY EXAM ALLOTED MARKS PART I – 6 MARKS)

1. Define elasticity and plasticity.

2. Define stress and strain and write down their units.

3. What are the different types of stress and strain?

4. Define elastic fatigue.

5. State Hooke’s law.

6. What do you infer from stress and strain diagram?

7. List the three modulii of elasticity

8. What force is required to stretch a steel wire to double its length when its area of cross section is 2
cm2 and young’s modulus is 2 x 1011 N/m2 .

9. What is Poison’s ratio?

10. How do temperature and impurity affect the elasticity of materials

11. Define torque.

12. A wire of length 1 m and diameter 1 mm is clamped at one of its ends. Calculate the couple required
to twist the other end by 90°. Given modulus of rigidity = 298 GPa.

13. Define torsional stress.

14. What is a beam?

15. How are the various filaments of a beam affected when the beam is loaded?

16. Define cantilever.

17. When a wire is bent back and forth it becomes hot? Why?
18. Calculate the young’s modulus of the material in the cantilever depression method. The length of
cantilever beam is 1m which is suspended with a load of 150 gm. The depression is found to be 4 cm.
The thickness of the beam is 5 mm and breadth is 3 cm.
19. An elastic wire is cut into half of its original length. How will it affect the maximum load the wire can
support?

20. What are the advantages of I- shaped girders?

PART II(EACH QUESTION CARRIES 2 MARKS)

(FREQUENTLY ASKED EXAM QUESTION – UNIVERSITY EXAM ALLOTED MARKS PART II – 6 MARKS)

1. Define the terms i) Time period ii) Frequency

2. What is meant by damped vibrations? Give examples.

3. What do you understand by the term Dead Beat? Give Examples.

4. Differentiate between free and forced vibrations.

5. A particle is executing SHM of amplitude 0.2 cm. If its velocity at the mean position is 5 m/s, then find
its frequency.

6. Define plane progressive wave.

7. State the properties of laser beam.

8. Spatial and temporal coherence are major attributes of a lasing beam. Comment.

9. Write the difference between spontaneous emission and stimulated emission.

10. What is meant by population inversion and metastable state?

11. Can a two level system be used for the production of laser? Why?

12. What is an optical resonator cavity? Mention its role in a laser

13. Calculate the wavelength of light emission from GaAs whose band gap is 1.44 eV.

14. List out the conditions to be satisfied for total internal reflection.

15. What do you mean by the acceptance angle for an optical fibre? Show that it is related to the
numerical aperture.

16. Differentiate between single mode and multi mode fibre.

17. A silica optical fibre has a core refractive index of 1.51 and a cladding refractive index of 1.48.
Determine the critical angle at the core cladding interface.

18. The maximum angle of acceptance for an optical fibre is 11.54°. Find the refractive index of cladding
if the core refractive index is 1.60.

19. Distinguish between step- index and graded index fibres.

20. What is an active and passive fibre optic sensor?

PART III(EACH QUESTION CARRIES 2 MARKS)

(FREQUENTLY ASKED EXAM QUESTION – UNIVERSITY EXAM ALLOTED MARKS PART III – 6 MARKS)

1. What are the modes of heat transferred from one place to another?

2. Mention the types of thermal expansion of solids.

3. Define coefficient of linear expansion of solids.

4. Define coefficient of superficial expansion.

5. Define coefficient of cubical expansion.

6. Explain the term co-efficient of apparent and real expansion of liquid.

7. A circular hole of diameter 2.00 cm is made in an aluminium plate at 0 0 C. What will be the diameter
at 100 0 C? Linear expansion for aluminium = 2.3 x 10-3 / 0 C

8. What is thermal conduction? BTL 1 Knowledge

9. Define coefficient of thermal conductivity and mention its unit.

10. How are heat conduction and electrical conduction analogous to each other?

11. Define thermal resistance.

12. What is bimetallic strip? Give its use. BTL 1 Knowledge

13. What is meant by thermal insulation? BTL 1 Knowledge

14. The roof building is often painted white during summer. Why? BTL 4 Analyze
15. What are the factors to be considered in order to maintain a comfortable inside the building?

16. How much heat will be conducted through a slab of area 90x10-4 m 2 and thickness 1.2x10-3 m in
one second when its opposite faces are maintained at difference in temperature of 20 K. The coefficient
of thermal conductivity of that material is 0.04 Wm-1K-1

17. Mention the properties of the thermal insulating materials.

18. What is meant by solar power?

19. Explain the principle of refrigeration.

20. Define oven.

PART IV (EACH QUESTION CARRIES 2 MARKS)

(FREQUENTLY ASKED EXAM QUESTION – UNIVERSITY EXAM ALLOTED MARKS PART IV – 6 MARKS)

1. What is meant by energy spectrum of a black body? What do you infer from it?

2. What are the postulates of Planck’s quantum theory?

3. Define Wien’s displacement law.

4. State Rayleigh - Jeans law. What are its limitations?

5. What is Compton wavelength? Give its value.

6. State the expression for Compton shift. Why it is not observable in the visible region of
electromagnetic spectrum?

7. X -ray photon of wave length 0.3 Å is scattered through an angle 45° by a loosely bound electron. Find
the wave length of the scattered photon.

8. Write any two physical significance of wave function.

9. How are matter-waves different from electromagnetic waves

10. What is wave particle duality?

11. Write down the expression for the wavelength of matter waves.

12. List the applications of Schrodinger wave equation.

13. A proton is moving with a speed of 2 x 108 m/s. Find the wavelength of the matter wave associated
with it.

14. A cylinder filled with helium and heated up to 27 0 C. If a beam of helium atoms emerges out of the
cylinder, then calculate the de-Broglie wavelength associated with the helium atoms. Given that mass of
one helium atom is 6.7 x 10-27 kg and k = 1.38x10-23 J/K.

15. For a free particle moving within a one dimensional potential box, the ground state energy cannot be
zero. Why?

16. Calculate the energy required for an electron to jump from ground state to second excited state in a
potential well of width “L”.

17. What are Eigen values and Eigen function?

18. What is the principle of scanning tunnelling microscope?

19. Mention the major applications of quantum tunnelling.

20. List out the limitations of scanning tunneling microscope.

PART V (EACH QUESTION CARRIES 2 MARKS)

(FREQUENTLY ASKED EXAM QUESTION – UNIVERSITY EXAM ALLOTED MARKS PART IV – 6 MARKS)

1. What are single crystalline materials? BTL1 Knowledge

2. Distinguish between crystalline and non-crystalline materials.

3. What is meant by primitive and non-primitive cell? Give an example.

4. Define unit cell.

6. What are Bravais lattice?

7. What are lattice parameters for a unit cell?

8. Define space lattice. How it is useful to describe a crystal structure?

9. Draw the planes for Miller Indices (100), (110) and (111).

10. A crystal plane cut at 3a, 4b and 2c distances along the crystallographic axes. Find the Miller Indices
of the plane.

11. Distinguish between inter planar spacing and inter atomic spacing.

12. Iron has BCC structure with atomic radius 0.123Å. Find the lattice constant.
13. How carbon atoms are arranged in diamond structure?

14. Defects in crystals are not always harmful. Justify.

15. What is meant by crystal defect?

16. What are Schottky defects?

17. Define Burger vector.

18. What is the cause of plastic deformation?

19. Write any two applications of Czochralski and Bridgmann techniques.

20. What are Bravais lattice?

PART I (EACH QUESTION CARRIES 6 MARKS)

(FREQUENTLY ASKED LONG ANSWER QUESTION – UNIVERSITY EXAM ALLOTED MARKS PART I – 12
MARKS)

1. How will you classify three types of elastic moduli? Explain with necessary diagrams. Write the
relationship between three moduli of elasticity.

2. Draw stress strain diagram and discuss the behaviour of ductile material under loading.

3. Explain the factors affecting the elasticity of the material.

4. Derive an expression for the torsional couple per unit angular twist when a cylinder is twisted.

5. Derive an expression for the period of oscillation of a torsional pendulum. How can it be used to
determine the torsional rigidity of awire

6. What is torsional pendulum? How it is used to determine the a) Moment of inertia of the disc. b)
Rigidity modulus of the wire using moment of inertia c) moment of inertia of a irregular body.

7. Give the theory of torsional pendulum and describe a method to find the moment of inertia of an
irregular body.

8. What is meant by bending moment of a beam? Derive the expression for the bending moment of a
beam.

9. Derive the expression for the depression at the free end of a cantilever due to load. Describe an
experiment to determine the young’s modulus of the cantilever using this expression.
10. i) Derive with relevant theory how a cantilever may be used to determine the Youngs modulus of the
material of bar?

ii) A circular and a square cantilever are made of same material and have equal area of cross section
and length. Find the ratio of their depression, for the given load.

11. Explain with necessary theory the determination of young’s modulus of elasticity of the material of
the beam supported at its ends and loaded in the middle. Describe an experiment to determine the
young’s modulus of the material using this method.

12. Discuss the method to determine the young’s modulus of elasticity of the material of the beam
supported at both the ends which are equidistant from the centre and also describe an experiment to
determine the young’s modulus of the material using this method.

13. How will you determine the young’s modulus of material of a bar by non-uniform bending method?
Explain briefly the theory behind the determination of young’s modulus.

14. i) Write a short note on I shaped girders. Give its applications and advantages.

ii) Explain stress due to bending in beams.

PART II(EACH QUESTION CARRIES 6 MARKS )

(FREQUENTLY ASKED LONG ANSWER QUESTION – UNIVERSITY EXAM ALLOTED MARKSPART II – 6
MARKS)

1. Obtain the differential equation of damped harmonic oscillation and discuss the special cases of
oscillatory motion.

2. Discuss the theory of forced harmonic oscillations. How does sharpness of resonance depend on
damping?

3. Establish a differential equation of motion for a damped harmonic oscillator. Discuss the conditions for
over damped, critical damped and under damped oscillations.

4. Derive the expression for the wave equation of a plane progressive wave.

5. i) Derive an expression for Einstein’s coefficient of spontaneous and stimulated emissions.

(ii) How laser light differ from ordinary light?

6. Explain the principle, construction and working of a semiconductor diode laser. Mention its
advantages and disadvantages.

7. With suitable diagram, explain how the laser action is achieved in homo junction and hetero junction
lasers?

1 . i). Explain the different modes of transferring heat energy with example.

ii). Derive the expression for thermal conductivity with unit.

2. Define expansion of joints. What are the types of expansion joints and write in detail about it.

3. i)Write the principle and working of bimetallic strip.

ii) Describe the application and advantages of bimetallic strips.

4. Describe Forbe’s method to determine thermal conductivity of metals with relevant theory and
experiment.

5. Explain the method of determining thermal conductivity of good conductors.

6. Describe Lee’s disc method for determining thermal conductivity of bad conductors.

7. Derive an expression for the quantity of heat flow through a metal slab whose faces are kept at two
different temperatures. Use this expression to determine the thermal conductivity of a bad conductor.

8. Derive the expression for effective thermal conductivity through compound media in series and
parallel. Also discuss the application of it.

PART III (EACH QUESTION CARRIES 6 MARKS )

(FREQUENTLY ASKED LONG ANSWER QUESTION – UNIVERSITY EXAM ALLOTED MARKS PART III – 6
MARKS)

1.i) Explain the physical significance of wave function.

ii) What are matter waves? Write the properties of matter waves.

2. Derive Schrodinger’s time independent wave equation.

3. Derive Schrodinger’s time dependent wave equation. 10. Derive Schrodinger’s wave equation for a
particle in a one dimensional box. Solve it to obtain Eigen function and show that Eigen values are
discrete.

4. Discuss the case of particle in a box on Schrodinger wave equation. Apply this to electron in metal.

5. Show that wave function for a particle confined in an infinite one dimensional potential well of length
‘L’ is given. Hence discuss the energy levels and their discreteness.

6. Explain the phenomenon of quantum tunnelling with schematic diagram explain the construction and
working of Scanning Tunnelling Microscope.

7. Discuss the construction, working and applications of Scanning Tunnelling Microscope. Also mention
its advantages and disadvantages.

PART IV (EACH QUESTION CARRIES 6 MARKS)

(FREQUENTLY ASKED LONG ANSWER QUESTION – UNIVERSITY EXAM ALLOTED MARKS PART IV – 6
MARKS)

9. What is meant by crystal defects? Explain the various types of crystal defects with neat diagram.

10. Explain about point defects and line defects with neat diagram.

11. Explain the role of imperfections in plastic deformation.

12. Explain the various solution growth techniques along with its merits and demerits.

13. Explain diamond cubic structure and obtain its no.of atoms per unit cell, atomic radius, co-ordination
number and atomic packing factor.

14. Explain the two melt growth techniques.

i) Czochralski’s method

ii) Bridgmann technique