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Endocrine System & Menstruation

The document summarizes the key endocrine glands and hormones they release, including the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenals, pancreas, and reproductive organs. It then provides more detailed information about the male and female reproductive systems, describing the organs involved and their functions, such as producing sperm/eggs and sex hormones. It concludes with an overview of the menstrual cycle and the phases of menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase.

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Rochelle Leigh Pacleb
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21 views3 pages

Endocrine System & Menstruation

The document summarizes the key endocrine glands and hormones they release, including the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenals, pancreas, and reproductive organs. It then provides more detailed information about the male and female reproductive systems, describing the organs involved and their functions, such as producing sperm/eggs and sex hormones. It concludes with an overview of the menstrual cycle and the phases of menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase.

Uploaded by

Rochelle Leigh Pacleb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Endocrine System

Gland Location Hormone/s released Function

Pituitary base of Oxytocin, Vasopressin, Growth controls growth


the brain Hormone, Adrenocorticotropic and functions of
Hormone (ACTH), Prolactin, the other glands
Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle
Stimulating Hormone (FSH

Thyroid below the Thyroxin, Calcitonin controls body


voice box metabolism;
causes storage of
calcium in bones

Parathyroid neck Parathyromone controls the


calcium levels in
the body;
normalizes bone
growth

Thymus front of the Thymosin produce certain


heart antibodies

Adrenal top of the Adrenaline prepares the body


kidneys for action; controls
heart rate and
breathing in times
of emergency

Pancreas between Insulin, Glucagon controls blood


the sugar levels
kidneys

Reproductiv lower Androgen, Testosterone control maturation


● Testes abdomen and male
characteristics;
● Ovarie lower Estrogen, Progesterone influence female
s abdomen traits, support
reproductive
function
Male Reproductive System
● Produces sperm cells
● Delivers sperm cells to the female
● Produces sex hormones such as testosterone

Testis - It produces sperm and the hormone testosterone.


Epididymis - It stores newly made sperm for about a week to mature to a point where it can
fertilize an egg
Vas Deferens - It is a coiled tube that carries the matured sperm from the testes to the
urethra during ejaculation.
Seminal Vesicles - A gland that secretes 60-70% of the fluid that makes up the semen
containing nutrients for the sperm, such as protein, fructose, and vitamins, to support the
sperm. It is also alkaline to neutralize the acidic vagina.
Prostrate Gland - It produces prostate fluid, a component of semen that helps to nourish
and transport sperm as it leaves the body through ejaculation.
Cowper's Gland - Produces natural lubricants that help to wash out the urethra of acidic
urine before semen enters for ejaculation. It produces pre-ejaculate.
Urethra - It carries urine from the bladder and semen from the ejaculatory duct. The
common passageway of urine and semen.
Penis - The organ that erects and deposits sperm cells into the vagina during mating or
intercourse.
Scrotum - The skin sac that holds the testes and maintains the optimum temperature for the
sperm.

Female Reproductive System


● Produces egg cell
● Produces the female hormones estrogen and progesterone
● Site of fertilization
● Supports the growth and development of the fetus

Ovaries - Has two main reproductive functions in the body; they produce egg cells and the
reproductive hormones estrogen, and progesterone.
Fallopian Tubes - Oviducts, or FALLOPIAN TUBES, transport the egg cell to the uterus.
After fertilization, the oviduct transports the fertilized egg to the uterus for implantation.
Uterus - Also called the womb, is a hollow, pear-shaped organ that sheds its lining each
month during menstruation. Functions of the uterus include nurturing the fertilized egg that
develops into the fetus and holding it till the baby is mature enough for birth.
Cervix - The CERVIX acts as the door to the uterus, which sperm can travel through to
fertilize eggs. It protects the uterus from bacteria. And it is responsible for creating discharge
to clean the vagina.
The VAGINA has 3 main functions:
● it provides a passageway for blood and mucosal tissue from the uterus during a
woman's monthly period
● receives the penis during sexual intercourse and holds the sperm until they pass into
the uterus
● and it provides a passageway for childbirth.
Menstruation Cycle

Menstruation - Day 1-5 (7)


- Menstruation or the bleeding period. The endometrium breaks off and releases the
blood.
Follicular Phase - Day 8-13
- The endometrium begins to thicken due to the accumulation of blood.
- The cervix slightly opens and releases cervical mucus to help the sperm enter
- Follicles in the ovary matures
Ovulation - Day 14
- Ovulation takes place. It is the process by which a mature egg cell is released from
the ovary.
Luteal Phase
● Day 15-16
- After ovulation, the mature egg cell waits for fertilization in the fallopian tube
for about 12 to 24 hours.

● Day 17-28
- If the egg cell is fertilized, the blood in the endometrium will be sustained to
support the embryo's development.
- If the egg is not fertilized, it will break apart into small tissues. The
endometrium will start to break off.

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