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Comp TIA Security- Cheat Sheet

Information Technology (Miami Technology & Arts University)

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CompTIA Security+ Cheat Sheet

CompTIA Security+ Cheat Sheet

You've made a great choice pursuing the CompTIA Security+ certification if you aspire to
work in cyber security. It makes you a catch to employers, but the huge amount of study
materials can make this a challenging exam.

This CompTIA Security+ Cheat Sheet is a brief roadmap in your preparation for this crucial
\ exam. It gives you a bird’s-eye view of key concepts and abbreviations in Security+. Owing
to Security+’s overlap with Network+, CCNA, and other networking-related certifications, this
cheat sheet excludes material on networking, which we encourage you to review separately.

Download this CompTIA Security+ Cheat Sheet here. When you’re ready, let’s dive in.

What Is the CompTIA Security+ Certification?

The CompTIA Security+ certification shows employers that you’ve mastered the
fundamental skills to perform essential cyber security functions and pursue a relevant
career. Hence, the CompTIA Security+ exam focuses on the day-to-day real-time
application of IT security knowledge at work.

You’ll need to answer at most 90 questions in this 90-minute examination and complete a
survey after it ends. The passing score is 750 on a scale of 100–900.

The latest CompTIA Security+ exam code is SY0-601. The associated exam is available
from November 2020 to sometime in 2023–2024. New topics include supply chain
management and the Internet of Things (IoT).

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Security+ Domains (SY0-601)

The following illustration shows the assessment criteria and the weighting in this
examination:

CompTIA Security+ Domains (SY0-601)

This cheat sheet arranges concepts according to the subtopics in our Total Seminars
Security+ course, and some topics span several Security+ domains. Hence, we’ve provided
you a key to finding items according to Security+ domain:

Hashtag (Remember to type the # symbol) Domain (SY0-601)

#ATV Attacks, Threats, and Vulnerabilities
#AD Architecture and Design
#practical Implementation
#op Operations and Incident Response
#risk Governance, Risk, and Compliance

Type these tags into the search bar to find key points related to a specific domain.

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Risk Management
The following topics pertain to real-life applications of cyber security. When you review the
abbreviations, think: “Do I comprehend the ideas encapsulated by them?”

Domain Concept Elaboration

#ATV Threat Actor Vulnerability exploiter
#ATV TTP (Adversary) tactics, techniques, and
procedures
#ATV Hacker IT infrastructure penetrator
#ATV Hacktivist Politically motivated agent
#ATV Script kiddie Executor of pre-made programs
#ATV Insider Saboteur inside an organization
#ATV Competitor/Rival Saboteur outside an organization but in the
same industry
#ATV Shadow IT IT systems deployed without the central IT
department’s oversight
#ATV Criminal syndicate Profit-driven agent with intent to blackmail
(organized crime)
#ATV State actor Foreign government agent
#ATV APT Advanced persistent threat: long-term
intelligence-mining hacking
#ATV OSINT Open-source intelligence
• Government reports
• Media
• Academic papers
#ATV CVEs Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures
#ATV AIS Automated Indicator Sharing
\
#ATV STIX Structured Threat Information Expression
#ATV TAXII Trusted Automated Exchange of Intelligence
Information
#risk GDPR General Data Protection Regulation
#risk PCI DSS Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard
#risk ISO International Organization for Standardization
#risk CSA Cloud Security Alliance
#risk AV Asset Value
#risk EF Exposure Factor
#risk SLE Single Loss Expectancy = AV × EF
#risk ARO Annualized Rate of Occurrence
#risk ALE Annualized Loss Expectancy = SLE × ARO
#risk BIA Business impact analysis
#risk MTBF Mean time between failures
#risk MTTF Mean time to failure
#risk MTTR Mean time to repair
#risk RTO Recovery time objective
#risk RPO Recovery point objective
#risk Residual risk Remaining risk after mitigation
#ATV Supply chain attack Targets insecure elements in the supply chain
#risk

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What do terms like “red team” and “blue team” mean in penetration testing?

\ The primary colors red, blue, and yellow refer to attackers, defenders, and builders of a
system respectively. The secondary colors are combinations of these roles. For example,
purple team members have dual attack/defense roles. The white team supervises the hack.

Cryptography
The following concepts are about obfuscating data from attackers and restoring them once
they reach the intended destination.

Domain Concept Elaboration

#ATV Cryptographic Finding weaknesses in the cryptosystem
attack/cryptanalysis
#AD Data at rest On computer storage
#AD Data in use/processing In RAM being accessed
#AD Data in transit/motion Traveling along cables or broadcasting
wirelessly
#AD Symmetric cipher Streaming:
• RC4
Block:
• DES
• Blowfish
• 3DES
Considerations:
• key length

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block size •
number of rounds•
#AD Asymmetric cipher Examples:
• Diffie-Hellman key exchange
• RSA
• Elliptic-curve cryptography
#AD Hashing One-way, deterministic process of transforming
a string of characters into another
#AD Salting Characters appended to a string (e.g.,
password) before hashing
#AD Steganography Hide data inside other data
#AD Quantum Exploit quantum mechanics
#AD Post-quantum Secure against cryptanalysis by quantum
computer
#AD Lightweight cryptography Small footprint, low computational complexity
#AD Homomorphic encryption Makes performing operations on encrypted
data possible
#AD CA Certificate authority
#practical
#AD CRL Certificate revocation list
#practical
#AD Stapling Checks regularly for certificate invalidity
#practical
#AD Pinning Associates certificate against known copy
#practical
#AD Trust model Direct •
#practical Third-party •
Hierarchical •
\ Distributed •
#AD Key escrow Third party safeguarding private keys
#practical
#AD Certificate chaining Top-down CA trust model
#practical
#AD Digital signature Public key sender verified to own
#practical corresponding private key
#practical P7B √ certificate
√ chain certificates
✕ private key
#practical P12 √ certificate
√ chain certificates
√ private key
#practical PKI Public Key Infrastructure
#practical PKCS Public Key Cryptography Standards
#ATV #AD Brute-force attack Trying character combinations

Variant: spraying (trying the same password

across different accounts)
#ATV #AD Dictionary attack Using lists of probable passwords
#ATV #AD Rainbow tables Using pre-calculated password hashes
#ATV #AD Key stretching Method that strengthens weak passwords

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Identity and Account Management

The following concepts deal with methods showing that you are the legitimate owner of an
account.

Domain Concept Elaboration

#practical Multi-factor Factors:
#AD Authentication (MFA) • Something you know
• Something you have
• Something you are
Attributes:
• Something you do
• Something you exhibit
• Someone you know
• Somewhere you are
#AD Efficacy rate • False acceptance
• False rejection
• Crossover error rate
#AD Access control • Attribute-based access control (ABAC)
#practical schemes • Role-based access control
• Rule-based access control
• MAC
• Discretionary access control (DAC)
• Conditional access
• Privileged access management
• Filesystem permissions
#practical PAP Password Authentication
Protocol
\ #practical CHAP Challenge-Handshake
Authentication Protocol

Example: MS-CHAP-v2
#practical Sandboxing Limiting access privileges of an application to
minimize its impact on the rest of the system
#AD Identity federation Delegate authentication to trusted third party
#practical

Tools of the Trade

We omit terminal commands because practice is more important than rote memorization for
performance-based questions on Security+.

Domain Concept Key points to review

#op SPAN Switch port analyzer
#op IoC Indicators of Compromise
#op SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
#op NXLog Open-source log collection tool
#op #ATV SIEM Security Information and Event Management

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Securing Individual Systems

The table below lists vital security concepts.

Domain Concept Elaboration

#ATV Malware • Virus
• Polymorphic virus
• Fileless virus
• Worm
• Trojan
• Rootkit
• Keylogger
• Adware
• Spyware
• Ransomware
• Bots
• Remote access Trojan (RAT)
• Logic bomb
• Cryptomalware
• Potentially unwanted programs (PUPs)
• Command and control (C2/C&C)
• Keyloggers
• Backdoor
#ATV Zero-day attack (ZDI) Previously unknown vulnerability
#ATV DNS Sinkholing Give certain domain names invalid addresses
#ATV Replay attack Intercept data and replay later
#ATV Pointer/object Using a null-value pointer as if its value is valid
dereference attack to bypass security logic
\ #ATV Dynamic-link Library Force-run code in place of other code
(DLL) injection
#ATV Resource exhaustion Attacks using up bandwidth

Examples: DoS, DDoS

#ATV Race conditions Trying to perform two or more operations that
should follow a proper order—clash
#ATV Driver attacks • Driver shimming
• Driver refactoring
#ATV Overflow attacks • Integer overflow
• Buffer overflow
#ATV #AD Securing hardware • TPM
#practical • Hardware redundancy
• UPS
• PDU
• Cloud redundancy
#practical Securing endpoints • Antivirus/Anti-malware
• EDR
• HIDS
• HIPS
• NGFW
• Allowlist/whitelist
• Block/deny lists, blacklist
#AD Embedded system Combination of hardware and software for a
specific purpose

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Examples:
• Raspberry Pi
• Field-programmable gate array (FPGA)
• Arduino
#AD Specialized system Combination of mechanical and digital
interfaces for specific purposes

Examples:
• Medicine
• Aviation
• Smart meters
#AD Internet of Things (IoT) Network of physical devices
#AD SCADA Supervisory control and data acquisition
#AD ICS Industrial control system

The Basic LAN, Securing Wireless LANs, Securing Public Servers

We omit networking topics such as the above in this cheat sheet, and we encourage you to
review them independently.

Physical Security
The best security measures are real-world limitations imposed on digital access. Here are a
few concepts worth reviewing:
\
Domain Concept Elaboration
#AD Air gap Physical isolation of secure computer network
from unsecured networks
#AD Protected cable Wired communications system with sufficient
distribution (Protected physical protection to carry unencrypted classified
Distribution System) information without leakage
#AD Screened subnet Five components:
(demilitarized zone) • External network
• External router
• Perimeter network
• Internal router
• Internal network
#AD Hot and cold aisles Draw in cool air to equipment, and draw out hot air
from equipment
#AD Two-person Continuous monitoring by at least two authorized
integrity/control individuals, each capable of detecting incorrect or
unauthorized security procedures
#AD Secure data destruction • Burning
• Shredding
• Pulping
• Pulverizing
• Degaussing
• Third-party solutions
#AD Monitoring sensors • Motion detection
• Noise detection

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• Proximity reader
• Moisture detection
• Cards
• Temperature

Secure Protocols and Applications

This table excludes material overlapping with the Network+ exam objectives.

Domain Concept Elaboration

#practical S/MIME Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extensions
#ATV Cross-site request forgery Hijack authenticated sessions
(CSRF/XSRF)
#ATV Server-side request forgery Cause servers to make outbound HTTP
(SSRF) requests
#ATV Cross-site scripting (XSS) Inject malicious scripts into otherwise
attack benign and trusted websites
#ATV #AD Injection attack Affects:
#practical • SQL
• LDAP
• XML
#ATV #AD Secure coding practices • Input validation, sanitation
#practical • Secure Web browser cookies
• HTTP headers
• Code signing
\ • Trusted components and APIs
#ATV #AD Software development life • Planning
#practical cycle (SDLC) • Defining
• Designing
• Building
• Testing
• Deployment

Testing Infrastructure
This section is about social engineering and penetration testing. Manipulating perception
leads to much damage because humans are the weakest link in cyber security.

Domain Concept Elaboration

#ATV Social engineering Principles (reasons for effectiveness):
• Authority
• Intimidation
• Consensus
• Scarcity
• Familiarity
• Trust
• Urgency
#ATV Influence campaign Propaganda:

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• Hybrid warfare
• Social media
#ATV Watering hole attack Infect a trusted website
#ATV Spam Mass mailing of unsolicited messages

Variation: Spam over instant messaging (SPIM)

#ATV Phishing Attack by email; single target
#ATV Smishing Attack by SMS text message
#ATV Vishing Attack by telephone or voicemail
#ATV Spear phishing Attack by email; multiple targets
#ATV Whaling Phishing that targets high-ranking people, such
as C-suite executives
#ATV Invoice scam Solicit payment from fraudulent invoice, often
paired with whaling
#ATV Dumpster diving Recover information from trash
#ATV Shoulder surfing Look over someone’s shoulder, often with a
recording device
#ATV Tailgating Unauthorized entity follows authorized party into
secured premises
#ATV Piggybacking Tailgating with the authorized party’s consent
#ATV Credential harvesting Attacks to obtain credentials or personal
(farming) information
#ATV Pharming Phishing + farming; making and redirecting users
to a fake website
#ATV Prepending Adding username mentions to social media posts
#ATV Pretexting Digital gunpoint with the ransom being one’s
private information
#ATV Impersonation, Attacks using stolen credentials or personal
\ identity fraud/theft information
#ATV Eliciting information Strategic casual conversation without coercion to
extract information from targets
#ATV Reconnaissance Covert information-gathering
#ATV Hoax False alarm
#ATV Typosquatting Attacks using mistyped web addresses
#ATV Vulnerability scanning Test for weaknesses
• Passive (monitoring)
• Active
o Credentialed
o Non‐credentialed
#ATV Penetration testing Actively exploit vulnerabilities
(pentesting)
#ATV Intrusive scan Damage-causing pentesting
#ATV Black box Zero-knowledge pentesting
#ATV White box Extensive-knowledge pentesting
#ATV Gray box Partial-knowledge pentesting
#ATV Fuzzing Input random characters and expect spurious
#practical results
#ATV Pivot Access network through vulnerable host—then
attack
#ATV Privilege escalation Get administrator access

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Dealing With Incidents

The following is a list of paradigms for handling, preventing, and mitigating cyber security
breaches.

Domain Concept Elaboration

#op BCP Business continuity plan
#op COOP Continuity of operations
#op DRP Disaster Recovery Plan
#risk
#op IRP Incident Response Plan
#op IoC Indicators of Compromise
#op Cyber Kill Chain Analysis Trace steps of a successful hack
#op MITRE ATT&CK Framework Identify attacker techniques
#op Diamond Model of Intrusion Analysis Show how threat actors (adversaries)
exploit capabilities in infrastructure
against victims

#op Security Orchestration, Automation, Automate incident responses, thus

#ATV and Response (SOAR) reducing response time
#AD #op Legal hold Process to preserve all forms of
potentially relevant information for
potential litigation
#AD #op Chain of custody (CoC) Paper trail of physical and electronic
\ evidence
#AD #op Disaster Recovery Sites • Hot
• Warm
• Cold
#AD RAID Redundant array of inexpensive disks
#AD UPS Uninterruptible
power supply
#AD PDUs Power distribution units
#AD NAS Network-attached storage
#AD Multipath Having multiple physical paths
between devices
#AD Network interface card (NIC) teaming Physical network adapters grouped
together
#AD Load balancer Distributes traffic across servers
#AD Scalability Ease of growing and managing
increased demand on infrastructure
#AD Backup types • Full
• Copy
• Differential
• Incremental
• Snapshot

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Conclusion
This CompTIA Security+ Cheat Sheet is a checklist covering the examination syllabus, and
we hope it gives you a bird’s-eye view of non-networking key topics to remember.

Remember that we offer a complete course to passing the Security+ exam and practice
exams to test your abilities. No matter how you prepare for it, we wish you success.

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