7.

1 PRESENT CONTINUOUS STATEMENTS (page 67)

Present continuous statements
Affirmative Negative
I ’m cooking breakfast right now. ’m not cooking breakfast right now.
’s helping the children. ’s not helping the children.
He / She / It ’s taking a shower. ’s not taking a shower.
’s drinking milk. ’s not drinking milk. (the cat)
’re eating breakfast. ’re not eating breakfast.
You / We / They ’re cleaning the kitchen. ’re not cleaning the kitchen.
’re learning a lot at school. ’re not learning a lot at school.

7.2 PRESENT CONTINUOUS QUESTIONS (page 69)

Present continuous: yes/no questions and short answers
I Am I talking to John? Yes, you are. / No, you’re not.
Is she cleaning the house? Yes, she is. / No, she’s not.
He / She / It Is he riding his bike right now? Yes, he is. / No, he’s not.
Is it working at the moment? Yes, it is. / No, it’s not.
Are you and your sister sending text messages? Yes, we are. / No, we’re not.
You / They
Are they waiting at the bus stop? Yes, they are. / No, they’re not.

Present continuous: information questions

I Who am I talking to?
Why is he / she carrying a bag?
He / She / It Where is he / she working today?
How is it going?
What are doing right now?
You / We / They we / you / they
Who are waiting for?

You can answer Why questions with because.

Why is he carrying a bag?
He’s carrying a bag because he has a lot of books. (= a complete sentence)
Because he has a lot of books. (= an incomplete sentence in informal speech)
8.1 CAN AND CAN’T FOR ABILITY; WELL (page 77)
can and can’t for ability; well
Affirmative Negative Questions Short answers
Yes, I can
I can paint. can’t paint well. Can I dance?
No, I can’t.
Can she dance Yes, she can.
He / She / It can paint. can’t paint.
well? No, she can’t.
Yes, they can.
You / We / They can paint well. can’t paint. Can they dance?
No, they can’t.

8.2 CAN AND CAN’T FOR POSSIBILITY (page 79)

can and can’t for possibility
Information questions with can
I What can I eat? How can I pay for the food?
He / She /It Where can he eat? How can he get to the restaurant?
You / We / They When can we eat? Who can we have lunch with today?
9.1 THIS AND THESE PAGE 87
This and these
This is my ticket. These are new boats.
This hotel is cheap. These birds are funny.
Ryan loves this farm. I don’t like these pictures.

9.2 LIKE TO, WANT TO, NEED TO, HAVE TO (page 89)
like to, want to need to, have to
like to play soccer. need to work on Saturday.
I I
want to play soccer. have to work on Saturday.
likes to play soccer. needs to work on Saturday
He / She / It He / She / It
wants to play soccer. has to work on Saturday.
want to play soccer. need to work on Saturday.
You / We / They You / We / They
like to play soccer. have to work on Saturday.

You can use need to + a

verb OR have to + a verb to
talk about things that are
necessary.
10.1 STATEMENTS WITH BE GOING TO page 99
Statements with be going to
Affirmative Negative
I ’m going to be home tomorrow. ’m not going to be home tomorrow.
’s going to take a walk in the park. ’s not going to go shopping next week.
He / She / It
’s going to be warm tomorrow. isn’t going to be warm tomorrow.
You / We / They ’re going to be here next weekend. ’re not going to be here next weekend.
Future time expressions
this evening, tonight, tomorrow on/next/this Monday
this week/weekend/month/year next week/weekend/month/year

10.2 QUESTIONS WITH BE GOING TO page 101

be going to: yes/no questions be going to: information questions
yes/no questions Short answers When are you going to leave?
Am I going to Yes, you are. Where is Sofia going to go?
I
meet him at 4:00? No, you’re not. What are we going to do today?
Is she going to Yes, she is. What time is he going to have lunch?
He / She / It
see a friend? No, she’s not. Who are they going to meet?
You / We / Are you going to Yes, I am. / Yes, we are. How are you going to get to the
They take a hat? No, I’m not. / No, we’re not. airport?
11.1 STATEMENTS WITH WAS AND WERE (page 109)
Statements with was and were
Affirmative Negative
I / He / She / It was in the house. wasn’t noisy.
You / We / They were at work. weren’t there.

11.2 QUESTIONS WITH WAS AND WERE (page 111)

Questions with was and were
yes/no questions Short answers
I / He / She Was she at home on Saturday? Yes, she was. / No, she wasn’t.
You / We / They Were you at home on Saturday? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.
Information questions with was and were
I / He / She Where was he?
You / We / They How old were you in this photo?
12.1 SIMPLE PAST STATEMENTS (page 119)
Simple past statements
Use the simple past to talk about events that are in the past and finished.
I ate a big lunch yesterday. We played soccer last weekend. We went to La Paz last year.
Simple past verbs can be regular or irregular. Simple past regular verbs end in -ed.

Some regular verbs

-ed -d double consonant + ed change -y to -ied
worked liked
I / You / He / played loved try ➔ tried
stop ➔ stopped
She / We / They watched arrived carry ➔ carried
chat ➔ chatted
wanted used study ➔ studied
walked danced

Some irregular verbs

Base form Simple past Base form Simple past Base form Simple past
have had write wrote ride rode
go went send sent fly flew
eat ate buy bought get up got up
drink drank think thought leave left
do did run ran meet met
take took swim swam sing sang
read read drive drove

12.2 SIMPLE PAST QUESTIONS; ANY (page 121)

Simple past questions
yes/no questions Short answers
Did you have apple juice? Yes, I/we did. No, I/we didn’t.
Did we arrive on time? Yes, we/you did. No, we/you didn’t
Did she/he like the fish? Yes, she/he did. No, she/he didn’t.
Did they go out for dinner? Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.

Information questions
How did I / you hear about the restaurant?
What did you / he / she have for dinner last night?
Who did we / they see at the party?

any
You can use any in yes/no questions and negative statements. Any = one, some, or all of something.
Not + any = none.
Use some in affirmative statements. You can use any and some with count and non-count nouns.
Simple past questions and statements with any
yes/no questions Negative statements
Did you have any vegetables? I didn’t have any juice.
Did Mary buy any milk? Joel didn’t eat any eggs.
Did they have any dessert? We didn’t drink any soda.