GNED 01 – ART APPRECIATION

CHAPTER 2: THE ART PRODUCTION

After the completion of the unit, students will be able to:

1. identify the medium in various forms of art, visual, auditory and combined arts;
2. define an artist or artisan’s medium and technique;
3. define art production in the light of art history; and
4. identify the different basic elements and principles of art and explain how they affect the overall
figure of the art work

CHAPTER OVERVIEW
A. Artist and Artisan D. Principles of Artistic Composition
a. Concept of an Artist and Concept of a. Balance
an Artisan b. Emphasis
b. The Artistic Process c. Gradation
c. Mediums of Art d. Harmony
e. Rhythm and Movement
B. Expressions of Art Production
f. Proportion
a. Realism
g. Variety
b. Abstractionism
h. Unity
c. Symbolism
d. Fauvism E. Styles of Art
e. Dadaism a. Baroque Art
f. Futurism b. Gothic Art
g. Surrealism c. Renaissance Art
d. Modern Art
C. Basic Elements of Art
a. Line
b. Shape
c. Form
d. Space
e. Texture
f. Color

A. Artist and Artisan

a. Concept of Artist and Concept of an Artisan

ARTIST ARTISAN

artiste in French artisan in French; artigiano in Italian

refers to the person who makes tangible and produces crafts, which, though may be
intangible products as an expression of creativity acquired only for decoration, are holly designed
 and imagination to be practical or of use to the buyer
producers of arts designers of crafts
drawing, painting, sculpture, acting, dancing, writing, creates things by hand that may be functional
filmmaking, new media, photography, and music – or strictly decorative, e.g. furniture, decorative
people who use imagination, talent, or skill to create
arts, sculptures, clothing, jewelry, food items,
works that may be judged to have an aesthetic value
household items and tools or even mechanisms
such as the handmade clockwork movement of
a watchmaker

b. The Artistic Process

Pre-production - Planning
- Focus of artist: intellectual or emotional message of art
- Questions asked: “how this art relates to me personally?”
“how expressive is this artwork?” and “how can this artwork
affect me as an artist and the society in general?”
- Decides on the medium of the art as well as the materials
needed
Production - Actual creation of art piece
- Artist utilizes the available material to produce the desired
results
- Usually takes the longest time
Post-production - Adding of finishing touches to the artwork

c. Medium of Art

Medium – materials used by an artist

a. Visual Arts - Seen and occupy space

i. Two-Dimensional Arts – painting, drawing, printmaking, and
photography
ii. Three-Dimensional Arts – sculpture, architecture, landscape,
industrial designs, and crafts like furniture
b. Auditory Arts - Can be heard and which are expressed in time
c. Combined Arts - Can be both seen and heard and which exist in both space
and time

B. Expressions of Art Production

1. Realism
- portray subject as it is

2. Abstractionism
 - “to move away or separate.” It does not show the subject as an objective reality but
rather the artist’s feelings or ideas about it.
2.1.Distortion
● natural form is twisted or distorted

● misshapen look of picture presented

2.2.Elongation
● character is elongated or extended
2.3.Mangling
● not a common way of presenting abstract subjects

● subjects are cut and hacked by repeated blows

2.4.Cubism
● takes the abstract form through the use of a cone, cylinder, or sphere at the
expense of other pictorial elements

3. Symbolism
- features subjects representing an idea or concept devoid in the image but rather
expressed through the various elements in the piece.

4. Fauvism
- a historical art movement in the 1900s wherein artists tried to paint pictures of
comfort, joy, and pleasure; also refers to the style of le Fauves, a French word for
‘the wild beasts’

5. Dadaism
- a protest movement in 1916 by a group of artists in Zurich, Switzerland wherein they
rejected logic, reason, and aesthetics of capitalist societies.
6. Futurism
- originated in Italy in the early 20th century, it emphasized speed, technology, youth
and violence, and objects such as industrial cities and cars.

7. Surrealism
- founded in Paris in 1924 by French poet Andre Breton
- known for visual artworks which sought to express the imaginings of the unconscious
mind

C. Basic Elements of Art

1. Line
- Path of a moving point; the mark made by a tool or instrument as it is drawn across the
surface.
Two Specific Behaviors:
1.1. Static – when a line behaves in usually vertical or horizontal line.
1.2. Dynamic – when a line behaves in curving, slanted, zig-zag, contorted, or
meandering directions.

2. Shape
- Two dimensional area that is defined in some way, perhaps with an outline or solid area
of color.

3. Form
- Objects that have three dimensions: length, width, and depth.
 4. Space
- Shapes and forms exists in space.
- It is the area in, around, and between components of design.
- Negative space – area within a design that is a void of materials, it is as important as
the other elements of the design.

5. Texture
- Refers to the way things feel or how they look as if they would feel if you could touch
the surface.
- Surface quality of the material as perceived by the sense.

6. Color
- Possibly the most expressive element of art but most difficult
to describe.
- It appeals directly to the people’s emotions and can stand for
ideas and feelings.

Categories according to degree:

● Primary Colors – blue, yellow, red

● Secondary Colors – combination of primary colors:

green, orange, violet
● Tertiary Colors – multiple combinations of either primary-secondary colors or
secondary-secondary colors

D. Principles of Artistic Composition

Principles of Artistic Composition help figure out the visual appeal and aesthetics employed
by the artist. They act as fundamental guidelines to aesthetic design that governs the
organization of the elements and materials in accordance with the nature of the artwork.

1. Balance
• refers to the way art elements are arranged to create a feeling of stability in a work
• also called as symmetry, an artwork which operates in this principle is concerned
with equalizing visual forces or elements in a work of art.

2. Emphasis
• refers to the way in which the artist combines the art elements to stress the
differences between those elements and create more centers of interest in a work of art.
• this principle makes one part of a work dominant over the other

3. Gradation
• refers to combining art elements by using a series of gradual changes in those
elements
• unlike contrast which stresses sudden changes in elements, the principle of
gradation favors step-by- step changes.
• a gradual change from dark to light values or from large to small shapes would be
called gradation.

4. Harmony
• refers to accenting the similarities of art elements and binding the design parts into a
whole
 • compatibility of design elements is considered if they will appear pleasing or
congruent to each part of the design.

5. Rhythm and Movement

• refers to combining art elements to produce the look of action or to cause the
viewer's eye to sweep over the work of art in a certain manner.
• often achieved through repeated art elements which invite the audiences' eye to
jump rapidly or glide smoothly from one element to the next.

6. Proportion
• refers to the relationship of art elements to the whole and to each other.
• allies with other principles like emphasis
• highlights the comparative relationship in size, quantity, and degree of emphasis
among the components within the art piece

7. Variety
• refers to combining art elements in involved ways to achieve intricate and complex
relationships
• obtained through the use of diversity and change by artists who wish to increase the
visual interest of their work
• mainly concerned with the differences in the art piece.

8. Unity
• refers to the quality of wholeness or oneness of the art piece
• achieved through the deliberate or intuitive balancing of harmony and variety
• this principle of design allows the viewer to see a complex combination as a
complete whole so all of the parts are joined together in such a way that they appear to
belong to a whole

E. Styles of Art
1. Baroque Art
● from "barocco," an ill shaped pearl.

● overly ornamented

● curved and zigzag lines that expresses vitality and actions

● reject straight lines for it means simplicity

2. Gothic Art
● pointed arches and ribbed vaults

● pointed towers = faith

3. Renaissance Art
● rebirth, revival of the classics

● aims at bringing back classic art of Greeks and Romans

● artists are still free to integrate their own taste

● features of classicism such as balance, harmony, proportions, and intellectual

orders were the standards.
4. Modern Art
● advancement of technology

● new technologies resulted to changes in man’s lifestyle that later on resulted to

several artistic creations (note: because new lifestyle can create new experiences
and ideas to create art).
● best example: cinematography (note: because the art of cinematography or film is
impossible to execute without technology).