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Test Method For Tensile Testing of Metallic Material
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1.0 Purpose:
To establish and maintain the documented operating Procedure to ensure that the testing is carried out as
per the applicable specifications / standards

2.0 Scope:
These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic materials in any form at room temperature,
specifically, the methods of determination of yield strength, yield point elongation, tensile strength,
elongation, and reduction of area.

3.0 Terminology :

Strain: Per unit change, due to force, in the size or shape of a body referred to its original size or shape.
Strain is a non dimensional quantity, but it is frequently expressed in inches per inch, meters per meter,
or percent.

Stress: The intensity at a point in a body of the forces or components of force that act on a given plane
through the point. Stress is expressed in force per unit of area (pounds force per square inch, mega
pascals, and so forth). The stress calculated on the basis of the original dimensions of the specimen.

Stress-Strain diagram: Diagram in which corresponding values of stress and strain are plotted against
each other. Values of stress are usually plotted as ordinates (vertically) and values of strain as abscissas
(horizontally).

Lower yield strength: in a uniaxial test, the minimum stress recorded during discontinuous yielding at
or near the onset of plastic deformation, ignoring transient effects. See Figs.

Upper yield strength: in a uniaxial test, the first stress maximum (stress at first zero slope) associated
with discontinuous yielding at or near the onset of plastic deformation. See Figs.

Tensile strength: The maximum tensile stress which a material is capable of sustaining. Tensile
strength is calculated from the maximum load during a tension test carried to rupture and the original
cross-sectional area of the specimen.

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4.0 Reference Standards :

ASTM A370, ASME SA370, ASTM E8, ASTM E8M, IS 1608, ISO 6892-1 and customer
Specification

5.0 Environmental Condition:

Temperature : 23 ± 50 C
Humidity : N.A

6.0 Instrument :
6.1 Universal Testing Machine (UTM)
 Model & Make: UTN-40 & 60, FIE, India
 Measuring Range: 0kN to 600kN
 Load Resolution: 20N for UTN-40, 30N for UTN-60
 Load range with accuracy of measurement ±1.0% : 8 to 400kN for UTN-40 & 12 to 600kN for UTN-60
6.2 Electronic Extensometer
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 Model No. EE2
 Gauge length 25 & 50mm supported
 Capacity :2mm & Least count: 0.001mm

7.0 Test Specimen Preparation :

7.1 Test Specimen shall be prepared as per the material specification or as per the customer specify and
verify dimensions with attached sheet with this test method.

7.2 Test specimen’s dimensions shall be meet the reference standard specified. If the dimensions are not as
per the specification or may not be meeting with the relevant standard immediately inform to Technical
Manager or inform to customer in case of customer made the specimen.
8.0 Test Method :
8.1 Machine should be always clean.
8.2 Switch “ON” main switch of testing machine and start the computer & Open UTE Software.
8.3 Switch “ON” Electronic panel.
8.4 Measure the dimensions (i.e. Diameter, Width, Thickness, Radius, Min. gauge length, gripper), mark
gauge length on parallel diameter according to required standard, use the supporting table for tensile test
specimen to be placed on the V block magnetic anvil, turn the Specimen and note the reading by help of
the Vernier Caliper / Micrometer. record the readings in Tensile test slip Form 3.2
8.5 Now in PC enter data in UTE software sample Register No, Sample Id, Gauge diameter, gauge length,
etc, prior to start testing all required information should be entered in to the software.
8.6 Release the Dead Weight/ dead load by applied initial hydraulic load until readings comes near about
zero (by help of Close the Left side Valve and Open the right side Valve).
8.7 Now fix the sample on in both jaws and lock the screw nut.
8.8 Click on Tare load and Start test on software screen / panel and apply the hydraulic load.
8.9 Now on the screen the progress of testing in the form of plot will be displayed. For proof stress load v/s
Extension should be selected if required, the plot of the same will be displayed. Remove extensometer
when approximately 0.2 to 0.5% stress is assumed or Screen show off a message to remove
Extensometer (if required).
8.10 Apply load till the specimen fails / Broken.
8.11 After breakage remove the broken pieces of specimen.
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8.12 Measure the diameter at the point of breakage, measure final gauge length and final diameter. Note
down all this dimensions in the Form-3.2 & also enter in UTE software.
8.13 Now on computer UTE software-click on Data analysis, then click on Test report (Std), which will show
all results and plots of desire i.e. Load V/S Displacement or Load V/S Extension. Now by Click on
“Print” on UTE- Software screen then the results and plot can be printed.
9.0 Recording of observations:
Record all the data in Form No.3.2

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10.0 Estimation of uncertainly:

 Reported Uncertainty of calibration certificate (Normal Distribution)
 Uncertainty due to accuracy of the equipment, ±1% (Rectangular Distribution)
 Uncertainty due to resolution of the equipment, 0.05kN (Rectangular Distribution)

How to Calculation:
Sr
Parameters Unit Measured by Formula
No.
Vernier Caliper / Direct measured on
1 Dia (D) / Width mm
Micrometer specimen
Vernier Caliper / Direct measured on
2 Gauge Dia / Thk mm
Micrometer specimen
Observed value by
3 Cross Section Area mm2 Vernier Caliper / ( ÷4) x D2 or Width x Thk
Micrometer
4D or 5.65 X
4 Initial Gauge Length Marking (OGL) mm Vernier Caliper

Visually observed in
5 Yield Load(YL) / 0.2% Proof Load N or Kg --
Panel or Software
Observed Load ÷ Cross
6 Yield Stress(YS) / 0.2% Proof Stress N/ mm2 or Mpa Observed value
Section Area
Visually observed in
7 Ultimate Load (UL) N or Kg --
Panel or Software
Maximum Pick Maximum Pick Load Value
8 Ultimate Tensile Stress (UTS) N/ mm2 or Mpa
Load Value ÷ Cross Section Area
After Breaking test piece
9 Final Gauge Length mm Vernier Caliper joint them manually and
measured OGL
Observed value by After Breaking test piece
10 Final Dia / Reduction of Dia mm Vernier Caliper / joint them manually and
Micrometer measured broken diameter
Vernier Caliper /
11 Cross Section Area of Final Dia mm2 ( ÷4) x D2 or Width x Thk
Micrometer
From Observed
{(FGL – OGL) ÷ OGL} x
12 Elongation (E) % Value of Gauge
100
length
{(O. Cross Sec. Area – Final
From Observed
Cross Sec. Area)
13 Reduction of Area (RA) % Value of Cross
÷ O. Cross Sec. Area } x
Sectional Area
100

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Test Method For Tensile Testing of Metallic Material
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Quality Manager Technical Manager