International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology

© 2019 IJSRCSEIT | Volume 5 | Issue 1 | ISSN : 2456-3307

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32628/CSEIT195155

A Review Paper on IoT Based Smart Irrigation System

Anjali Dokhande1, Chetna Bomble1, Rakshanda Patil1, Puja Khandekar1, Nayan Dhone1,
Prof. Chandrashekhar Gode2
1BE Students, Department Computer Science and Engineering, Priyadarshini J.L. College of Engineering,
Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
2Assistant Professor, Department Computer Science and Engineering, Priyadarshini J.L. College of Engineering,
Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT

Automation of farm activities can transform agricultural domain from being manual and static to intelligent and
dynamic leading to higher production with lesser human supervision. This paper proposes an automated
irrigation system which monitors and maintains the desired soil moisture content via automatic watering.
Microcontroller ATMEGA328P on arduino uno platform is used to implement the control unit. The setup uses
soil moisture sensors which measure the exact moisture level in soil. This value enables the system to use
appropriate quantity of water which avoids over/under irrigation. IOT is used to keep the farmers updated
about the status of sprinklers. Information from the sensors is regularly updated on a App using WiFi modem
through which a farmer can check whether the water sprinklers are ON/OFF at any given time. Also, the
sensor readings are transmitted to a Thing speak channel to generate graphs for analysis.
Keywords : Irrigation System, Soil Moisture Sensor, Temperature Sensor, Humidity Sensor, IOT, Android

I. INTRODUCTION promising solution to farmers where the presence of

farmer in the field is not compulsory. Now a day's
In our country, agriculture is a major source of food internet is widely used. Using internet farmer know
production to the growing demand of the human about the agriculture field irrigation status. Thus,
population. In agriculture, irrigation is an essential mobile applications will be helpful in fulfilling this
process that influences crop production by supplying purpose. It helps farmers to know the status of farm
water to the needed land. Farmers have to visit their field moisture and temperature through a mobile app
land to check how much amount of water is required and it will make the farmer at some remote places to
for their field. This irrigation method takes a lot of decide whether he needs to water the field or not. The
time and effort particularly when a farmer needs to soil moisture sensor is used for sensing moisture level
irrigate multiple agriculture fields distributed in to find out whether the soil is dry or wet. The
different geographical areas. Traditionally farmers will moisture sensor and temperature sensor are interfaced
present in their fields to do irrigation process. But with Arduino microcontroller. Based on that sensor
nowadays farmers need to manage their agricultural values, the controller will activate the DC motor or
activity along with other occupations. Automation in pump by sending the commands from the mobile
irrigation system makes farmer work much easier. phone that will operate the pump through the relay.
Sensor-based automated irrigation system provides a Water is a very precious resource and must be

CSEIT195155 | Received : 25 Jan 2019 | Accepted : 05 Feb 2019 | January-February -2019 [ 5 (1) : 191-196 ]
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properly utilized. Agriculture is one of those areas

which consume a lot of water. The aim of the paper is
to develop an intelligent irrigation system controller
which measures the moisture of the soil and
temperature of the atmosphere and helps to take
decision accordingly to turns on or off the water
supply system. It is important to know the amount of
water that has been used in the irrigation process
during agriculture. This paper describes a simple
system by using Arduino microcontroller and Android
software to automate the existing manual irrigation
system.

II. RELATED WORK Fig 1. water holding property of soil

A. Moisture Measurement This stage is called as the field limit. Void spaces are
currently loaded with water and air parcels (Fig. 1(b)).
Soil is comprised of blend of segments including Each harvest has a Critical Soil Moisture Deficit level,
mineral and natural particles, with water and air enabling soil to dry out past this level, water pulling
making up the spaces in the middle. Soil can be from edit can't occur, diminishing the yield. Advance
essentially characterized into following 4 classes: more water expulsion from soil lead little holding of
water by soil particles much firmly on account of
surface strain impact for the yield to remove this is
said to be as withering point as appeared in figure 1(c).
The accessible water limit is the measure of water a
dirt can make accessible to plants, by and large
It is encouraged to break down soil to reason its
characterized as the contrast between measure of
classification. Every classification has distinctive
water put away in a dirt at field limit and the measure
properties henceforth their water holding limit
of water put away in the dirt at the lasting shrinking
changes from one sort to the next. As water invades
point. Plants get the vast majority of water from the
soil, it begins to fill the hole between the void spaces
upper part of the root zone.
in the middle of soil particles (Fig. 1(a)), when every
one of the spaces are totally immersed with the water,
The term viable root zone alludes to about the upper
the state is known as immersion point. This state goes
portion of the root zone profundity, where around 70%
on for brief time. With time overabundance water
of harvests water is taken up.
permeates descending through water profile because
of gravitational power. At same time narrow activity
give inverse power to gravity and give adjusted
condition so descending development of water is
ruined.

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changes relying upon the air temperature. More

sizzling air, for instance, can hold more moisture.

III. LITERATURE REVIEW

For the development of automated irrigation structure,

soil moisture content is increasingly basic parameter
when stood out from others as it has a significant part
in plant improvement segment and availability of
water for irrigation is genuine stress for the farmers
uncommonly the ones who are dependent on rain. In
this manner, water organization has a high need while
arranging an automated irrigation system as saw in
most of the composition. The experts have used
Fig 2. Effective root zone
distinctive systems to evaluate moisture substance
precisely. The electrical conductivity estimation is the
Numbers of techniques are produced for soil moisture
most fundamental, sagacious and control capable
estimation from straightforward feel strategy to most
strategy for all. In any case, it isn't correct and its
progress electronic ones.
results vacillate after some time. In spite of its burdens,
it is comprehensively supported by various
B. Temperature Measurement
investigators. [5] Have used this technique to execute
Temperature monitoring is key in numerous modern
an automated irrigation control structure using spill
situations. It likewise assumes imperative part in plant
irrigation framework. The data was accumulated and
development subsequently monitoring temperature is
arranged by the ARM7 board. To give UI GSM
basic for good farming practice. Numerous standard
technique was used and at the customer end android
methods exist which relies on estimation of physical
based application was created to demonstrate data and
properties of the working material that differs with
with that information, the customer can pick what
temperature. Thermocouple, thermistor, RTD,
move to make. According to the call given by the
pyrometer, Langmuir tests, infrared, and so forth are a
customer, the solenoid valve was attempted to control
portion of the cases.
the irrigation. An abnormal state of flexibility was
obtained with this execution. The remaining burden
C. Humidity Measurement
for the farmer was decreased and moreover increase in
There are three approaches to speak to Humidity. It is
the benefit of the estate was viewed.
the measure of water vapour (water that has
abandoned a fluid to an undetectable gas) noticeable
In [6] acoustic methodology has been used to measure
all around. Outright humidity is the genuine measure
water substance of the earth in transit that
of water vapour in a predetermined volume of air.
development time of sound wave is assorted in dry
Relative humidity is the proportion of moisture
and wet soil. In light of the discernment, the chart
noticeable all around when contrasted with the most
was set up for development time versus moisture
extreme measure of moisture the air can hold, which
content from which moisture can be found. Another

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methodology for moisture estimation is assessing moisture sensor (VH400) in the perspective of
assortment in dielectric steady [7]. Dielectric electromagnetic estimation and second is soil
unfaltering of water is (~80) high when appeared temperature sensor (DS1822). The recorded data was
differently in relation to dry soil (2-3). In [8] secured locally in the memory chip and was moreover
assortment of the dielectric was assessed as an transmitted to the web. The system is controlled
assortment in the capacitor using capacitor and capable and thoroughly wears down sun controlled
resistor interface. The response is generally immediate essentialness. The promising delayed consequence of
which is required in case of exactness agriculture. S. S. around 90% water saving was viewed. P. Bhosale and
Mathurkar and D. S. Chaudhari [9] showed a model in V. Dixit made atmosphere monitoring structure. They
perspective of moisture, temperature and humidity used a broad assortment of sensors for monitoring
sensor. All of the sensors were balanced for the specifically ecological temperature and humidity
straight response. The standard purpose of the (SHT1x), Soil temperature (LM35), Radiation and
structure is to develop an exact system which can be sunshine, soil moisture (gypsum square in perspective
utilized in real estate and offer preferences to the of the resistive framework), wind speed and course
farmer. (anemometer) and rainfall. In control board, PIC
microcontroller was used. The total data was secured
An epic method to manage design automated in memory card amassing and was also sent to the
irrigation system is the use of Plant water weight remote customer by methods for the GSM module.
examination. It is overcome selection of optical and IR Powerful usage of water was practiced through this
pictures of plant overhang. This particular enrollment structure [12].
speaks to a couple of challenges as no anticipated
essential segment or right organizing can be found IV. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
from the data pictures. X. Wang et al [10] developed
an Automatic Cross-Correlation course of action Nowadays agricultural field is facing lot of problems
count which uses the information of smart picture due to lack of water resources. In order to help the
structure yet clears out the effect of picture shading farmers to overcome the difficulties, smart irrigation
and power in the relationship method and thusly system has been used. In this system, various sensors
achieves a pleasing enlistment result. They similarly such as pH, soil moisture and DHT11 are connected to
realized capable computation approach which can the input pins of Arduino microcontroller. The sensed
fundamentally diminish the estimation eccentrics of values from the sensors are displayed in LCD. If the
the ACC count while keeping up needed exactness. sensed value goes beyond the threshold values set in
Game plan control was also improved by accepting N- the program, the pump will be automatically switched
maxima procedure in the control point count. ON/OFF by the relay circuit and it is connected to the
Preliminary comes about showed that the proposed driver circuit which helps to switch the voltage. The
system defeated each and every other procedure for farmer will be intimated about the current field
region-based methods. J. Gutierrez et al [11] executed condition through Wi-Fi module and also updated in
amazingly capable automated system with remote the web page. By using this system, the farmer can
sensor arrange. The remote interface was given access the details about the condition of the field
through the GPRS module (MTSMC-G2-SP). The anywhere at any time.
structure has two information parameters at first is

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V. COMPONENTS USED
• Wi-Fi Module
• Soil Moisture Sensor The ESP8266 Wi-Fi module is a self-contained SOC
Soil Moisture sensor is used to measure the moisture (System on Chip) with integrated TCP/IP
content present in the soil. When the soil moisture (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
value read by the sensor is above the threshold value, protocol stack that can give any microcontroller
low level (0V) will be the digital output and if it is access to any Wi-Fi network. Each ESP8266 module
below the threshold level, high level (5V) will be the comes preprogrammed meaning, it can be simply
digital output. The digital pin is used to directly read hooked up to Arduino device to get Wi-Fi ability. This
current soil moisture value to see if it is above module has a powerful enough on-boarding process
threshold or not. The threshold voltage can be and high storage capacity that allows it to be
regulated with help of potentiometer. integrated with the sensors and other application
specific devices.

VI. APPLICATION

• On different region of land: It can be used on

shallow soil-hilltops, hillsides and throughout
mountain regions.
• For Greenhouse: Smart Greenhouse parameter-
watering of crops, on fertilizers, temperature and
moisture level.
• Very Efficient for Paddy, Rice Fields-This plant
Fig 3. Moisture Sensor requires much water that’s why apply system on
their farm.
• DHT11 SENSOR • Irrigation in Fields: This is used to give watering
DHT11 sensor is used for measuring temperature and to the crop fields.
humidity. It uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a • Food production and safety etc.
thermistor to measure the surrounding air. This sensor
is cost effective, provides low power consumption and VII.ADVANTAGES
up-to 20 meter signal transmission is possible.
• Increase the productivity: Productivity on
farmland is going too increased.
• Reduce water consumption.
• No manpower required.
• Reduce soil erosion and nutrient leaching.
• Cost effective method.
• High quality crop production.
• System not damage by weathers and birds.
Fig 4. DHT11 Sensor
• Efficient use of water.

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VIII. CONCLUSIONS Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 53, No.

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control proficient thus devours less power and depend [9]. S. Mathurkar and D. Chaudhari, Smart Sensors
on auxiliary sources such sunlight based vitality for Based Monitoring System for Agriculture using
finish independence. Field Programmable Gate Array”, International
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measurement, IEEE transactions on Journal URL : http://ijsrcseit.com/CSEIT195155

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