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Quick Review Number Systems

This document provides a summary of key concepts from chapter 1 on number systems. It discusses different types of numbers like rational and irrational numbers. It also outlines properties of real numbers, complex numbers, and equality/inequality.

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Zaid Babar
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25 views2 pages

Quick Review Number Systems

This document provides a summary of key concepts from chapter 1 on number systems. It discusses different types of numbers like rational and irrational numbers. It also outlines properties of real numbers, complex numbers, and equality/inequality.

Uploaded by

Zaid Babar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Suppose Math, session 2024

(Preparation for Lecturer Test)


Quick Review

Chapter # 01 Number Systems

These notes are the summary of the whole chapter

1. Around 5000 B.C, the Egyptians had a number system based on 10.

2. The set of rational numbers is Q = { pq : p, q ∈ Z ∧ q ̸= 0}.

3. Those real numbers which are not rational are called irrational numbers. i.e.,
p
Q′ = {x ̸= : p, q ∈ Z ∧ q ̸= 0}
q

4. A decimal which has only a finite number of digits in its decimal part, is called a terminating
decimal . For example 2.333.

5. A decimal in which one or more digits repeat is called A recurring or periodic decimal .
For example 2.333...

6. Terminating or recurring decimals are rational numbers. All others (non terminating, non
recurring) are irrational numbers.
√ √
7. For any real number n, if qn isq not a complete square, then n is an irrational number. In
√ √ √
particular 3, 12 = 2 3, 57 , 27 4
= 3√2
3
... are irrational numbers.

8. The ratio of circumference of any circle and length of its diameter is an irrational number π.

9. A binary operation in a set A is a rule that assigns to every pair of elements of A, another
element of A. Two binary operations in R are addition and multiplication.

10. The numbers of the form z = a + ib are called complex numbers, where i2 = −1 and a, b are
real numbers.

11. The real and imaginary parts of a complex number z = a + ib are a and b respectively.

12. Every real number is a complex number with zero as its imaginary part.

13. If z = a + ib, then the conjugate of z is z = a − ib. For example if z = 3 − 4i, then z = 3 + 4i.
a −b
14. The multiplicative inverse of (a, b) is ( a2 +b2 , a2 +b2 ).

15. The sum and product of any two conjugate complex numbers is a real number.

16. In an ordered pair (a, b), a is called abscissa and b is called ordinate.

17. The figure representing one or more complex numbers on the complex plane is called an Argand
diagram.

Notes by: Akhtar Abbas (M.Phil QAU), Lecturer at University of Jhang 0332-6297570
Mathematics Mathematics — Mathematics Page 2 of 2
√
18. If z = a + ib, then the modulus of z is |z| = a2 + b2 . The modulus of z is the distance from
the origin to the point representing z.

19. For all complex numbers z, z1 , z2 , we have

z=z |z| = | − z| = |z| = | − z| zz = |z|2


z1 + z2 = z1 + z 2 z1 z 2 = z 1 z 2 ( zz12 ) = zz12
|z1 z2 | = |z1 ||z2 | |z1 | − |z2 | ≤ |z1 + z2 | ≤ |z1 | + |z2 |

Properties of Real Numbers

Closure Law w.r.t. Addition ∀ a, b ∈ R, a + b ∈ R


Closure Law w.r.t. Multiplication ∀ a, b ∈ R, ab ∈ R
Associative Law w.r.t. Addition ∀ a, b, c ∈ R, a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c
Associative Law w.r.t. Multiplication ∀ a, b, c ∈ R, a(bc) = (ab)c
Additive Identity ∀ a ∈ R, ∃ 0 ∈ R s.t. a + 0 = a = 0 + a
Multiplicative Identity ∀ a ∈ R, ∃ 1 ∈ R s.t. a1 = a = 1a
Additive Inverse ∀ a ∈ R, ∃ (−a) ∈ R s.t. a + (−a) = 0 = (−a) + a
Multiplicative Inverse ∀ a(̸= 0) ∈ R, ∃ a1 ∈ R s.t. a( a1 ) = 1 = ( a1 )a
Commutative Law of Addition ∀ a, b ∈ R, a + b = b + a
Commutative Law of Multiplication ∀ a, b ∈ R, ab = ba

Properties of Equality

For all a, b, c ∈ R,

Reflexive Property a=a


Symmetric Property a=b⇒b=a
Transitive Property a=b∧b=c⇒a=c
Additive Property a=b⇒a+c=b+c
Multiplicative Property a = b ⇒ ac = bc
Cancellation Property w.r.t. Addition a+c=b+c⇒a=b
Cancellation Property w.r.t. Multiplication ac = bc ⇒ a = b, c ̸= 0

Properties of Inequality

For all a, b, c ∈ R,

Trichotomy Property either a = b or a < b or b < a


Transitive Property a<b∧b<c⇒a<c
Additive Property a<b⇒a+c<b+c
Multiplicative Property If c > 0 a < b ⇒ ac < bc and if c < 0, then a < b ⇒ ac > bc.

You just can´t beat the person who never gives up. Babe Ruth

Best Of Luck

Notes by: Akhtar Abbas (M.Phil QAU), Lecturer at University of Jhang 0332-6297570

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