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Self-Learning Kit
Mathematics
Quarter 3 - Week 1

MARIA ANTONIA B. PEŇAS

Writer
Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Self-Learning Kit
Quarter 3 – Week 1
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Self-Learning Kit

Writer: Maria Antonia B. Peňas

Editors: Mary Ann E. Ramos
Reviewers: Mary Ann E. Ramos
Illustrator: John Orven V. Saldaña
Layout Artist: Joel R. Capuyan
Management Team: Leah P. Noveras, Ed.D., CESO VI
Bernadette A. Susvilla, Ed.D., CESO VI
Lilia R. Ybañez
Mary Ann E. Ramos
Reynilda G. Ramoneda
Joel R. Capuyan
Raymond L. Ceniza

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Region VII Schools Division of Danao City

Office Address: Sitio Upland, National Road, Danao City,

Cebu Telephone No.(032) 262-6211
Telefax: danao.city@deped.gov.ph
E-mail Address: depeddanaocity.com

i
Note to the Learner

This Self-Learning Kit is prepared for you to learn the specified competencies
based on the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) for Statistics and
Probability, Quarter 3, Week 1. It is designed in a simplified structure to help you easily
understand the lesson for the week. It contains the following parts:

I Have Includes an activity that aims to check what

Known you already know about this lesson

I Can Consists of activities that will help you view

Connect the previous lesson and prepare you to the
new one

Details the presentation and discussion of the

I Can Learn
concepts that you need to learn in this new lesson

Comprises of activities for independent practice to

I Can Try
check understanding of the new concepts learned

I Can Contains exercises to validate your knowledge and

Assess understanding of the concepts learned

I Can Covers activities and exercises that you can do

Do More further to enrich your learning

Answer Key Contains the key to correction of all the exercises

Indicates the sources in the development of

References
this Self- Learning Kit (SLK)

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Lesson Title Random Variables and Probability
Distribution of a Discrete Random
Variables and its Properties
Learning  Illustrates a random variable (discrete
Competencies and continuous
 Distinguishes between a discrete and
a continuous random variable
 Finds the possible values of a
random variable
 Illustrates a probability distribution for a
discrete random variable and its
properties
 Computes probabilities corresponding to
a given random variable.
MELC Codes M11/12SP-IIIa-1, M11/12SP-IIIa-2, M11/12SP-IIIa-3,
M11/12SP-IIIa-4, M11/12SP-IIIa-6

I Have Known

A. Directions: Read the items carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer
on your answer sheet.

1. Which of the following is a discrete random variable?

A. Times it takes to travel from Danao City to Cebu City
B. Number of Quarantine pass in Barangay Guinsay
C. Height of female students in RMDSF-STEC
D. Temperature of Danao City every December
2. Which of the following best describes a variable that can be counted?
A. Discrete C. Continuous
B. Nominal D. Qualitative
3. Which of the following is a variable whose value is obtained
by measuring?
A. Discrete C. Continuous
B. Nominal D. Qualitative
4. Which of the following is NOT a continuous random variable?
A. A person’s weight each month
B. A person’s water consumption each day
C. A person’s height each year
D. A person’s number of ballpens

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 5. If two coins are tossed, which is NOT a possible value of the
random variable for the number of tails?
A. 3 C. 1
B. 2 D. 0
6. Which of the following statement is TRUE?
A. The value of a random variable could be zero.
B. Tossing a coin has three possible values.
C. The possible value of a random variable is always zero.
D. The largest possible value in rolling a die is 7.
7. Which of the following can serve as the values of a probability distribution?
A. P(1)  0.42, P(2)  0.31, P(3)  0.37

B. P(1)  9 , P(2)  4 , P(3)  114

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C. P(1)  0.88, P(2)  0.12, P(3)  0.24
D. P(1)  10 , P(2)  1 , P(3)  4
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8. What is the sum of the probabilities of all values of a random variable?
A.  P( X )  C. P( X )  1
0 D.  P( X )  10
B.  P( X )  110
9. Which of the following is a discrete random variable?
A. Junrell is 165 cm tall C. Junrell weighs 70 kilograms
B. Junrell has three sisters D. Junrell’s temperature in a day
10. A variable whose values are determined by chance?
A. Random variable C. Continuous variable
B. Discrete variable D. Nominal variable

I Can Connect

Everyday, we come across and encounter the idea of chance. We talk

about chances because we are not certain what will happen to that day. There
are some events that have greater chances of occurring than others. Knowing
these chances aid us in making decisions, like bringing an umbrella if there is a
great chance of raining or wearing a sweatshirt if it is raining.

In Mathematics, the everyday language of chance is termed as

probability. When you were in your elementary and Junior High School, the
concept of probability has already been taught; you have discovered that an
experiment is any activity which can be done repeatedly under the same
conditions. The list of all possible outcomes of an experiment is referred to as a
sample space. You have also learned how to systematically list the possible
outcomes of an experiment and how to find its corresponding probability. The
table below contains examples of experiments with its corresponding sample
space.
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 Experiment Sample Space
1. Tossing two coins {𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝑇}
2. Rolling a die {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
3. Drawing a club from a 𝐴𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑙𝑢𝑏, 𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑙𝑢𝑏, 𝑄𝑢𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑙𝑢𝑏,
standard deck of cards { 𝐽𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑙𝑢𝑏,
} 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2
If two coins are tossed, what numbers can be assigned for the frequency
of heads that will occur? If three cards are drawn from a deck of card, what
number can be assigned for the frequency of face cards that will occur? The
answers to these questions require an understanding of random variables.

I Can Learn

Recall that in your Junior high school classes, a variable is a characteristic

or attribute that can assume different values. It can be represented by any small
letters in the alphabet that represent an unknown number. In Probability, we also
encounter variables to represent the outcome of a statistical experiment and
refer to it as random variable. We normally use capital letters like X, Y and Z to
denote a random variable which can take different values depending on the
situation or the experiment involved. Each value is determined by chance alone
and has a probability of occurrence associated with it.
This lesson introduces the concept of random variables and the
probability distribution of a discrete random variable with its properties. One
good example in introducing the concept of random variable is tossing of coins. If
two coins are tossed, the samples space consists of {𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝑇}. We want to
count the number of tails from each outcome in the sample space and assign a
number. The corresponding number will be {0, 1, 1, 2}, respectively. The
number of tails represents a random variable, and its possible values are 0, 1
and 2.
Suppose three laptops are to be tested randomly. We want to find out the
number of defective laptops that occur. Thus, each outcome in the sample
space shall be assigned by a value. These are 0, 1,2, or 3. If there is no defective
laptops, we assign 0; if there is one defective laptops we assign 1; if there are
two defective laptops, we assign the number 2; and if there are three defective
laptops we assign the number 3. The number of defective laptops is a random
variable. The possible values of this random variable are 0, 1,2, and 3.
Illustration:
Let D represents the defective laptop and N represents the non-defective
laptops. If we let X be the random variable representing the number of
defective laptops, can you show the values of the random variable X? The table
below shows the possible values of the random variable X.

Possible Outcomes Value of the Random Variable X

(number of defective laptops)
DDD 3

3
 DDN 2

DND 2
DNN 1
NNN 0
NND 1
NDN 1
NDD 2

A random variable is a variable that assumes numerical values associated with

the random outcome of an experiment, where one (and only one) numerical
value is assigned to each sample point. It is a variable whose values are
determined by chances and is denoted by a capital letter. From the table above,
the random variable Y represents the number of defective laptops while its
possible values are 0, 1, 2, 3.
There are two types of random variables, namely: discrete random
variable and continuous random variable. What is the difference between the
two? The previous examples are discrete random variables.
To know about a continuous random variable, let as assume that there is
an experiment to be conducted to determine the distance travelled of a certain
type of car using 10 liters of gasoline over a prescribed test of course. If
distance is a random variable, then we have an infinite number of distances
that cannot be equated to the number of whole numbers. This is an example of a
continuous random variable.
A discrete random variable can assume a countable number of
values. Examples:
 Number of COVID patients from March 2020-July 2020
 Number of calls
 Number of defective cellphones
 People in line
 Mistakes per page
A continuous random variable can assume any value along a given interval of
a number line. It usually represents measured data.
Examples:
 Length
 Time
 Volume
 Weight
 Depth

Probability Distributions for Discrete Random Variables

Decision-making is an important aspect in business, education, insurance, and
other real-life situations. Many decisions are made by assigning probabilities to all
possible outcomes pertaining to the situation and then evaluating the results.

Example 1:
Number of Tails
Suppose two coins are tossed. Let Y be the random variable representing the
number of tails that occur. Find the probability of each of the values of the
random variable Y.
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5
Solution:
Steps Solution
1. Determine the sample space. {𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝑇}
2. Count the number of tails in each Possible Value of the
outcome in the sample space and Outcomes Random Variable
assign this number to this outcome. Y (number of tails)
HH 0
HT 1
TH 1
TT 2
3. Assign the probability values P(Y) to Number of Tails Y Probability P(Y)
each to each value of the random
variable.
 There are four possible 1
outcomes and one of the 0 4
outcomes appears that no tail
occurs once, so the probability
we shall assign 2
1 1
to the random variable 0 is . 4
4 2 1
 There are two outcomes that a 4
tail will occur, so the probability
we shall assign to the
random
2
variable 1 is .
4
 There is 1 outcome that two
tails will occur, so the
probability we shall assign to
the random
1
variable 2 is .
4
The table below shows the probability distribution of the number of tails in when two
coins are tossed.

The Probability Distribution of the Discrete Random variable Y

Number of Tails Y 0 1 2
P(Y) 1 2 1
4 4 4

Example 2:
Number of Defective Laptops
Suppose three laptops are to be tested randomly. Let D represents the defective
and N for non-defective laptops. If we let X be the random variable for the
number of defective laptops, construct the probability distribution for the random
variable X.
Solution:
Steps Solution
1. Determine the sample space. {𝐷𝐷𝐷, 𝐷𝐷𝑁, 𝐷𝑁𝐷, 𝐷𝑁𝑁, 𝑁𝑁𝑁, 𝑁𝑁𝐷, 𝑁𝐷𝑁, 𝑁𝐷𝐷}

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2. Count the number of tails in each Possible Outcomes Value of the
outcome in the sample space and Random Variable
assign this number to this outcome. X
(number of
defective laptops)
DDD 3
DDN 2
DND 2
DNN 1
NNN 0
NND 1
NDN 1
NDD 2
3.Assign the probability values P(Y) to Number of Probability P(X)
each to each value of the random Defective
variable. Laptops
 There are eight possible X
outcomes and no defective
laptop occurs once, so the 1
probability we shall assign to 0 8
1
the random variable 0 is .
8
 There are eight possible 3
outcomes and one defective 1 8
laptop occurs thrice, so the 2 3
probability we shall assign to 8
3
the random variable 1 is . 3 1
8 8
 There are eight possible
outcomes and two defective
laptops occur thrice, so the
probability we shall assign to
3
the random variable 2 is .
8
 There are eight possible
outcomes and three defective
laptops occur once, so the
probability we shall assign to
1
the random variable 3 is .
8

The table below shows the probability distribution of the number of defective
laptops.

The Probability Distribution of the Discrete Random variable Y

Number of
Defective Laptops 0 1 2 3
X
1 3 3 1
7
 8 8 8 8

The probability distribution or probability mass function of a discrete random variable

is a graph, table or formula that specifies the probability associated with each

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possible outcome the random variable can assume. It is the listing of the values
of a random variable with its corresponding probability. The graph of the
probability distribution is a histogram.
To construct a histogram:
1. Plot the values of the random variable along the horizontal axis.
2. Plot the probabilities along the vertical axis.

The Histogram below is the graph of the probability distribution of number of

defective laptops.

P(X) 3/8

2/8

1/8

0 1 2 3
Values of Random Variable (X)

Properties of a probability distribution

a. The probability of each value of the random variable must be between or
equal to 0 and 1.
In symbol, we write it as 0  P( X )  1.
b. The sum of the probabilities of all values of the random variable must be
equal to 1.
In symbol,  P(X )  1.
Determine whether the distribution represents a probability distribution. Explain
your answer.
1.
X 1 5 8 7 9
P(X) 1 1 1 1 1
3 3 3 3 3
2.
X 0 2 4 6 8
P(X) 1 1 1 1 1
6 6 3 6 6

3. P(1)  0.25, P(2)  0.75, P(3)  0.25, P(4)  0.25

4. P( X ) X 2
for X  1,2,3,4,5
 5
5. P(1) 1 10 5 3
, P(2)  , P(3)  , P(4) 

19 19 19 19

Numbers 2 and 5 are distributions which represent probability distributions, when you
are going to add their probabilities the sum would be equal to 1 and at the same
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time the probabilities are greater than 0 but less than 1. So, the properties of a
probability distribution are meet.
The numbers 1, 3, and 5 do not represent probability distributions. For number 1,
the distribution satisfies the first property, but it does not satisfy the second
property because the sum of the probabilities is more than 1. For number 3, it
does satisfy the second property, but it does not satisfy with the first property.
Lastly, for number 5, it does not satisfy both properties.

I Can Try

A. Directions: Find the possible values of the random variables.

1. Suppose three coins are to be tossed. Let Y be the random variable
representing the number of tails. Find the values of the random variable
y. Complete the table below.

POSSIBLE VALUES VALUE OF THE RANDOM VARIABLE Y

(number of tails)

2. Two balls are drawn in succession without replacement from an urn

containing 5 red balls and 6 blue balls. Let Z be the random variable
representing the number of blue balls. Find the values of the random
variable
Z. Complete the table below.

POSSIBLE VALUES VALUE OF THE RANDOM VARIABLE Z

(number of blue balls)

B.Directions: Classify the following random variables as discrete or continuous.

1. The number of people who died from COVID-19

2. Time it takes a student to travel from Danao City to RMDSF-STEC
3. Temperature of Danao City during summer
4. Speed of a motorcycle
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 5. Number of babies born in Danao City Provincial Hospital in a week
6. Amount of paint used in a wall
7. Number of teachers in Maslog National High School
8. Number of absentees in a day
9. Number of COVID-19 patients in Danao City
10. The weights of Grade 11 students in RMDMNHS

C. Directions: Solve what is asked from the problem below.

The daily demand for copies of a movie magazine at a variety store has the probability
distribution as follows.
Number of copies X Probability P(X)
0 0.06
1 0.14
2 0.16
3 0.14
4 0.12
5 0.10
6 0.08
7 0.07
8 0.06
9 0.04
10 0.03

a. What is the probability that three or more copies will be demanded

in a particular day?

b. What is the probability that the demand will be at least two but not
more than six?

I Can Assess

A. Directions: Write COUNTABLE if the given random variable is discrete,

otherwise, write MEASURABLE if the random variable is continuous.

1. The number of test kits for COVID-19 in Danao City

2. The number of surgical masks a nurse wears in a week
3. Dosage of dexamethasone for COVID-19 patients
4. Number of students who choose blended learning.
5. Time it takes an ambulance to travel from Danao
City to Cebu City
6. Average amount of electricity consumed per school
7. Amount of sugar in a cup of coffee
8. Number of ALS enrollees in a school year
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 9. Foot-length of adult males
10. Number of quarantine pass in Barangay Guinsay

B. Directions: Find the possible values of the random variables by

completing the tables below.

1. Four coins are tossed. Let Z be the random variable representing

the number of tails.

2. In a box are 2 balls - one white and one yellow. Two balls are picked
one at a time with replacement. Let X be the random variable
representing the number of white balls.

C. Directions: Solve what is being asked from the problem.

The following data show the probabilities for the number of cars sold in each day
at a car dealer store.
Number of cars sold X P(X)
0 0.100
1 0.150
2 0.250
3 0.140
4 0.090
5 0.080
6 0.060
7 0.050
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 8 0.040
9 0.025
10 0.015
Find the following:

a. P( X  2)

b. P( X  7)

c. P(1  X  5)

I Can Do More

Directions: Do as instructed.

1. Give five examples of each type of random variables.

2. A pregnant woman was having an ultrasound during the first trimester of

her pregnancy. It was found out that she is having twins. The
grandparents are having a bet on the genders of the baby.

a. list all the elements of the sample space (possible gender of the babies)

b. find the possible values of the random variable X, the number of males.

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 Answer Key

b.
C..60a.
0
0.78nuous
10. Conti
Discrete 9.
8. Discrete
7. Discrete
6. Continuous
Discrete 5.
4. Continuous
3. Continuous
Continuous 2.
Discrete 1.
B.
are 0,1 and 2
The possible values of the ran.dom variable

2 BB
1 BR
1 RB
0 RR
balls)
(number of blue
RANDOM VARIABLE
Z VALUE OF THE POSSIBLE VALUES
2.
0,1,2 and 3.
The possible values of the random variable Y
0 HHH
1 THH
1 HTH
1 HHT
2 HTT
2 THT
2 TTH
3 TTT
of
tails
(nu )
mber
Y
VARIABLE
A 10. RANDOM are 0, 1,
.
2varia ble X
9. OF THE VALUES
B C
8. VALU POSSIBLE random
7. E 1. values of a
AB 6. I Can Try b.
5. A Possible
4. D MF, FM, FF}
3. C 2. a. S = {MM,
A 2. may
1. 1. . Answers
vary
B
I Have Known I Can Do More

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 References

 Belencia, Rene R., Baccay, Elisa S., and Mateo, Efren B. Statistics
and Probability. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc. (RBSI). 2016.
 Reston, Enriqueta D., Argenal, Rene N., Baterna, Margie L.,
Punzalan, Teodora J., Seeing the World Through Statistics
and Probability. Cebu: Verbum Books. 2017.
 https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/random-variables.html

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

DepEd – Danao City Division –Curriculum Implementation Division
Sitio Upland, National Road, Poblacion, Danao City, Cebu
Email Address: danao.city@deped.gov.ph
Website: depeddanaocity.com
Telephone No.: (032) 262-6211

15
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF DANAO CITY

WEEKLY LEARNING PLAN IN STATISTICS AND

PROBABILITY QUARTER 3-WEEK 1
Learning Competency/ies  Illustrates a random variable (discrete and continuous
 Distinguishes between a discrete and a continuous
random variable
 Finds the possible values of a random variable
 Illustrates a probability distribution for a discrete random
variable and its properties
 Computes probabilities corresponding to a given random variable.
Learning Tasks/Learning
Resources
A. Teacher’s Tasks:
1. Perform daily routine
 Prayer
 Greetings
 Attendance Check
2. Administer pre-test
 Let the leaners answer “I Have Known”, (SLK pp.1-2)
3. Conduct review
 Review concepts on basic probability. Refer to “I Can Connect”, (SLK p.2-3)
4. Deliver the new lesson
 Discuss the new lesson by following the activities found in “I Can Learn”, (SLK pp.
3- 8)
5. Check learner’s understanding
 Let the leaners do activities in “I Can Try”, (SLK, pp 8-9)
6. Validate learning
 Let the leaners answer “I Can Assess”, (SLK pp.9-11)
7. Provide enrichment activity
 Let the leaners perform activities in “I Can Do More”, (SLK p. 11)

B. Learner’s Tasks:
1. Answer “I Have Known”, (SLK pp 1-2) and check your answer. Refer to Answer Key p.12
2. Read and review concepts in “I Can Connect”, (SLK p.2-3)
3. Read and understand the new lesson presented in “I Can Learn”, (SLK pp. 3-8)
4. Do activities in “I Can Try”, (SLK pp. 8-9). Check your work by referring to the answer
key found in p. 12
5. Answer “I Can Assess”, (SLK pp.9-11) and submit your answer sheet.
6. Perform activities in “I Can Do More”, (SLK p. 11). Check against the answer key on p. 12

Prepared by:
MARIA ANTONIA B. PEŇAS
Writer

16
 Contact No: 0917 700 3873
Email Account: mariaantonia.penas@deped.gov.ph
FB Account: Na-am Saňep
Key for I Can Assess

A.

1. COUNTABLE
2. COUNTABLE
3. MEASURABLE
4. COUNTABLE
5. MEASURABLE
6. MEASURABLE
7. MEASURABLE
8. COUNTABLE
9. MEASURABLE
10.COUNTABLE

B. 1.

Value of Random Variable Z

Possible Outcomes
(number of tails)
HHHH 0
HHHT 1
HHTH 1
HHTT 2
HTHH 1
HTHT 2
HTTH 2
HTTT 3
THHH 1
THHT 2
THTH 2
THTT 3
TTHH 2
TTHT 3
TTTH 3
TTTT 4
The possible values of the random variable are 0, 1, 2 3, 4.

2.

Value of Random Variable X

Possible Outcomes
(number of white balls)
WW 0
WY 1
YW 1
YY 2
The possible values of the random variable X are 0, 1, 2.

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C.

a. 0.50

b. 0.13

c. 0.71

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