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B. Chaitanya Reddy IPS (UPSC AIR 161 - 2021)

B. Ravikiran Reddy (UPSC EO/AO AIR 29 - 2020)
Simon
Commission
&
the Nehru
Report
CHAPTER 18
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The Copyright Act, 1957
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@chaitanya.ips

@iravikiranreddy

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 Foreword

This is not a study material for History.

This is merely a free supplementary
resource that helps you to remember
things easily. We have taken Spectrum
by Rajiv Ahir (widely read by the
aspirants) as the frame of reference for
creating a skeletal structure for Modern
History. This also includes a few extra
mnemonics that are important for the
exam and related to the chapter.
Therefore, some mnemonics may not be
present in the respective chapter of the
spectrum.

@chaitanya.ips

@mnemonicsdaddy
 Dear Aspirant

We would like to improve this work

further. We need your suggestions for
enhancing the mnemonics. If you feel
any Mnemonic can be improved
further or want to make a mnemonic
suggestion or want to suggest
anything to maximize the utility of this
project to the aspirants, I request you
to message me personally on either
Instagram, Twitter, or LinkedIn handles.
I would love to hear from you.

@iravikiranreddy

@mnemonicsdaddy
 Winston Churchill belongs to
Conservative Party

[Imp for Prelims]

Winston
Churchill
I’m PM of UK
(1940 to 1945)
during WWII

I called Gandhi as a
'seditious Middle
Temple Lawyer' now
'posing as a half-
Church is naked fakir'.

Conservative and so
is Churchill
(Just for the sake of
remembering) Winston Churchill

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 Clement Attlee belongs to
Labour Party

[Imp for Prelims]

Clement Attlee

I’m PM of UK
(1945 to 51) during
Clement has India’s
Cement which Independence

is associated
with Labour.
So Labour
Party

Clement Atlee

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 Trump is from Republican Party

[Just to know]

t R ump

Link R with
Republican Party
(Republican Elephant)

Trump

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 Biden is from Democratic Party

[Just to know]

Bi D en

Link D with
Democratic Party
& Donkey Symbol
(Democratic Donkey)

Biden

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 Appointment of Simon
Commission - 1927

[V.Imp for Prelims]

All-white Commission has 7

members (4 Conservatives + 2
Labourites + 1 Liberal)

Nov 8

1927
Seven & Simon
are Rhyming words Sir John Simon

Simon chaired Indian Constitutional Development Committee / Indian Statutory

Commission / Simon Commission - for Constitutional Reforms of India

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 Joint Chairmanship of Simon
Commission - SimonCA

[Mnemonics Technique - Associate a new word (mostly

in short form) with a familiar word. Try to make it a
pronounceable word either attaching it as a Prefix or
Suffix] [V.Imp for Prelims]

SimonCA Clement
Atlee

He becomes PM of UK
(1945 to 51) (Labour Party)
Sir John Simon Clement Atlee

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 UK PM who appointed Simon commission

[Imp for Prelims]

Simon

Stanley
Bald-win
Britain PM Stanley Bald-win sends
Simon to win the confidence of Stalnley Bald-Win
Indians by drafting constitution

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 Factors that led to appointing Simon
commission 2 years ahead - Defeat & Failure

(Govt of India, 1919 had a provision that a commission

would be appointed 10 years from the date to study
Constitutional Reforms..... but it was appointed in 1927
itself) [Imp for Mains]

Defeat Conservative government feared

defeat by Labour Party and
therefore didn’t want to leave
the question of future of Britain’s
most priced colony to Labour
Party

Failure By mid-1920's, failure of the 1919

Act to create a stable imperial
power had led to several
Parliamentary Reports &
Enquiries - LeMuL Commissions
(Lee, Muddiman, Linlithgow)

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 By the mid-1920s, the failure of the 1919 Act
to create a stable imperial power had led to
several commissions - LeMuL Commissions

[Imp for Prelims]

Le Mu L
Lee Muddiman Linglithgow
1923 1924 1926

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 Lee Commission or Royal Commission on
Superior Civil Services in India (1923)

[Imp for Prelims & Mains]

E
192
LEE Commission

Link E with Executives (Superior Civil Servants)

RECOMMENDATIONS
proposed that 40% of future entrants should be British, 40% Indians
directly recruited, and 20% Indians promoted from the provincial
services
setting up of a PS (as envisaged in GoI Act, 1919) --> led to the
establishment of the 1st PSC on 1 October 1926 under the
chairmanship of Sir Ross Barker

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 Evolution of UPSC

E [Imp for Prelims & Mains]

192
LEE Commission

Link E with Executives (Civil Servants)

setting up of a PS (as envisaged in GoI Act, 1919) -->

led to the establishment of the 1st PSC on 1 October
1926 under the chairmanship of Sir Ross Barker

Problem: limited advisory function was granted to PSC

and the leaders of the freedom movement asked for more

Result: Reorganization of PSC into Federal PSC

under GoI Act, 1935 Act

Post Independence: Renamed as UPSC

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 "Muddiman's Mixed Message in '24:
Majority’s Minor Modifications &
Minorities Major Overhaul"

[Imp for Prelims & Mains]

1924
MuDDiman - REC
Reforms
Enquiry Commission

Link D with Dyarchy. It was formed to investigate Dyarchy

issue (working of constitution as per GoI Act, 1919)

DECODING
Muddiman Mixed Message (given a Majority Report & a Minority
Report - Not a unanimous Report) in ‘24 (means 1924)
Majority’s Minor Modifications = Majority Report (by Officials)
says that Minor modifications are needed
Minority’s Major Overhaul = Minority Report (by Non-Official
Indians) says that Major changes are needed like Abolishing
Dyarchy and making the constitution Permanent & Democratic

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 "Linlithgow
Lifts '26 Farms &
Boosts '28 Bulls"

[Imp for Prelims

& Mains]

1926-28
Linlithgow - RCA
Royal Commission on
Agriculture

Agriculture

DECODING
Linlithgow Lifts: Signifies the Linlithgow Commission's role in
elevating agricultural standards.
'26 Farms: Indicates the commission was established in 1926 with a
focus on agriculture.
Boosts '28 Bulls': This reminds you that the commission reported in
1928 and recommended boosting cattle quality with foreign bulls.

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 The Conservative Secretary
of State for India, Birken-
Head thinks that only
British have Heads

[Imp for Prelims]

Challenge accepted !!
Comes with NEHRU
REPORT (After
convening All Party
I challenge the Conference in Feb
Indian leaders to 1928)
draft a constitution
for India that is
accepted by all
sections

Lord Birken-HEAD Motilal Nehru

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy
 Simon comes in Feb 1928 and submits
report in May 1930

[V.Imp for Prelims]

Feb 3 1928 (Landed in Bombay

- Country wide Hartal)

siMon
May 1930 (Submits Report)
(took more than 2 years)
On the other hand, Motilal Nehru accepted
Birken-head’s challenge in Feb 1928 &
submitted the Nehru Report by Aug 1928

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 Simon Boycott - Supported by Hindus (HMS) +
Muslims (ML) + Congress

[V.Imp for Prelims]

Hindu Maha
Congress Muslim League
under section under Sabha - Lala

MA Ansari Jinnah in its Laipat Rai who led

Presidentship Calcutta session Anti-Simon
in 1927 in 1927 Protest in Lahore

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 Simon Boycott - Not supported by JUMA

[V.Imp for Prelims]

J U M A
Justice Party | Unionist Party | Muslim League
section under Mohammad Shafi | Ambedkar

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 During the Simon Boycott, there was severe
police repression - LNG got injured

(LNG is a widely known acronym for Liquified Natural

Gas) [V.Imp for Prelims]

Lala Lajpat Rai Gobind

- severely Nehru beaten Ballabh Pant
injured & died up in Lucknow beaten up in
on Nov 1928 Lucknow

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 1927 Delhi Session of ML - led to ML Split

[V.Imp for Prelims]

Jinnah League Shafi‘s League

Supported Joint Supported Separate

Electorate Electorate
Supported Simon Opposed Simon
Boycott (In ML Boycott (In ML
Calcutta Session) Lahore Session)

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 1926, 27, 28 INC Sessions &
Presidents - GMC SAM

(GMC is widely used acronym for Greater

Municipal Corporation. SAM is a name)
[V.Imp for Prelims]

1926 1927 1928

Guwahati Madras Calcutta

G M C
S A M
Srinivasa Iyengar | MA Ansari | Motilal Nehru
 1927 - MAdraS INC Session

[V.Imp for Prelims]

Not a Dominion Status but Poorna

Swaraj (Complete Independence)

MADraS
MA Ansari Simon Boycott

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 Impact of appointment of Simon Commission
on the National Movement

[Imp for Mains]

challenge of Lord Birkenhead

to Indian politicians to produce Upsurge among youth - Rise of
an agreed constitution was Nehru & Subash Chandra Bose.
accepted by various political It gave a stimulus to radical
Congress didn’t have any
sections, and thus prospects active programmee in
forces demanding not just
for Indian unity seemed bright hand, got an issue on complete independence but
at that point of time. which it could once again major socio-economic reforms
forge mass action on socialist lines

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 [1/3] Simon Commission Recommendations -
Army Federation has Separation & New
Provincial Legislatures
- have Separate Electorate.
But it rejected Parliamentary Responsibility &
UAF alongside abolishing dyarchy in Provinces

[V.Imp for Prelims and Mains]

Army Suggested that Indian Army should

be Indianised though British forces
must be retained

Federation Accepted the idea of federalism but

not in the near future; it suggested to
establish a Consultative Council of
Greater India (with representatives of
both the British provinces as well as
princely states)

Separation Recommended Separation of

Sindh from Bombay
Burma from India because it
was not a natural part of the
Indian subcontinent.
[2/3] Simon Commission Recommendations -
Federation has Separation & New Provincial
Legislatures have
- Separate Electorate. But it
rejected Parliamentary Responsibility & UAF
alongside abolishing dyarchy in Provinces

[V.Imp for Prelims and Mains]

New NWFP & Baluchistan should get

local legislatures (both should
Provincial
have the right to be represented
Legislatures at the center)

Separate Retain Separate Electorate

Electorate

Parliamentary Rejected Parliamentary

Responsibility at the Centre.
Responsibility
Governor General (GG) has
complete power to appoint
members of cabinet
GoI has complete control over HC
[3/3] Simon Commission Recommendations -
Federation has Separation & New Provincial
Legislatures have
- Separate Electorate. But it
rejected Parliamentary Responsibility & UAF
alongside abolishing Dyarchy in Provinces

[V.Imp for Prelims and Mains]

UAF No Universal Adult Franchise

Abolishing Abolition of dyarchy in Provinces

by establishing representative
Dyarchy in
govt (Provincial Autonomy)
Provinces It said that the Governor should
have discretionary power in
relation to internal security and
administrative powers to protect
the different communities.
The number of members of
provincial legislative council
should be increased
 Simon didn't mention about
Dominion Status

[Prelims]

SimonD
Dominion Status
 (1/2) Nehru Report - Joint Rights Dominion -
Linguistic & Secular Parliament

(Read JRD-LSP as one line)

[V.Imp for Prelims & Mains]

Joint Electorate

JE with Reservation of
seats for Muslims at
Centre and in Provinces
where they are in
Rights
Minority
Right to form Unions
Equality rights for Women
19 Fundamental Rights
Universal Adult Suffrage
Dominion
Status

On lines of
Self-governing
Dominions

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 (2/2) Nehru Report - Joint Rights Dominion -
Linguistic & Secular Parliament

(Read JRD-LSP as one line)

[V.Imp for Prelims & Mains]

Secular
Linguistic
Provinces Complete
Dissociation of
State from
Religion

Parliamentary form
of Govt.

Lower House - 500 mem - 5 Years

Upper House - 200 mem - 7 Years
GG to work with Aid & Advice of
Central Executive Council
Governor with Aid & Advice of
Provincial Executive Council

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 [1/3] Members of 1928 (Feb-Aug) - Nehru
Committee - Father is Chairperson
& Son is Secretary

[V.Imp for Prelims]

Ok Dad!!
Then, I will be
the Secretary
I’m your dad.
So I will be the
Chairman

Motilal Nehru Jawaharlal Nehru

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 [2/3] Members of 1928 (Feb-Aug) - Nehru
Committee - Muslims & Hindus Representatives

[V.Imp for Prelims]

ot
on e
t
Pho bl
la
ai
av

Ali Imam Sohaib Qureshi

M.S. Aney M.R. Jaykar

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 [3/3] Members of 1928 (Feb-Aug) - Nehru
Committee - Sikh + Non-Brahmin + Labour + Liberal
+ Congress

[V.Imp for Prelims]

ot
on e
h ot bl
P la
ai
av

Mangal SIngh (Sikh) GR Pradhan

(Non Brahmin)

Tej Bahadur Sapru

NM Joshi (Labour) SC Bose (Congress)
(Liberal)

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 Dec 1927 - Jinnah’s 4 Delhi Proposals (by ML)

(These 4 Delhi Proposals are the demands of ML meant

to be incorporated in the Draft Constitution by Motilal
Nehru. They were accepted by Madras Dec 1927
Congress Session) [V.Imp for Mains & Prelims]

We are okay with Joint Electorate but

we need Representation in
(Legislature + Punjab & Bengal + NBS)

DECODING
Legislature (1/3rd Representation) to Muslims in the
Central Legislative Assembly
Punjab & Bengal (Representation in Proportion to
Population)
NBS (Representation by forming 3 new Muslim-
majority provinces) - NBS (NWFP, Baluchistan, and
Sindh)

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 Separate Electorate & Joint Electorate

[V.Imp for Prelims]

SEPARATE JOINT
ELECTORATE ELECTORATE

Lucknow Pact is the

ML accepted for Joint
only time Congress
Electorate only in
said OK to Separate
Nehru Report
Electorate

Lala (Congress) & Jinnah (ML) Jinnah (ML) & Motilal Nehru (INC)

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

 Swaraj & Poorna Swaraj Goals

[V.Imp for Prelims]

Goal: Swaraj

Goal: Poorna Swaraj

1906 & 1927

Calcutta INC
MAdras INC
Presided by Dadabhai
Presided by MA Ansari
Naoroji

Goal: Poorna Swaraj

Goal: Swaraj

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

Lala Lajpat Rai received severe
blows on his chest in Oct 1928
during Anti-Simon Protests. He
died on Nov 17, 1928

The blows, which

fell on me today,
are the last nails
driven into the
coffin of British
Imperialism

Lala Lajpat Rai

@mnemonicsdaddy @chaitanya.ips @iravikiranreddy

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