Qu. iv. v. vi. Chapter 1 Mutimedia designer is a person who designs multimedia software by combining text, graphics. animation, audio and video Information security analyst is a person whose job is to protect information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, modification, recording and destruction. Computer teacher is a person who teaches the subject of computer science to students Computer hardware refers to the physical components that make up a computer system Computer software is a set of instructions that tells a computer what to do and how to do. System software is a collection of programs which makes the use of computer easy and efficient Operating system 1s system software that is responsible for the management and coordination of all the activities performed by the computer. Application software is developed to solve the problems of computer users such as writing letter, creating presentation or managing a database Open source software is a program that is freely available in the form of source code that allows users to study. change and improve it Shareware is trial version of software that is distributed free of cost for a limited period, usually one or two months Freeware is software given free of cost for an unlimited period of time. Select the best answer for the following MCQs. Who invented logarithm? A Blaise Pascal B._ John. Napeir c Charles Babbage o. Herman Hollerith Which generation of computer used transistor? A 1* Generation of Computers B. 2°? Generation of Computers c 3° Generation of Computers D. 4” Generation of Computers In which generation of computer microprocessor was introduced? A 1" Generation of Computers B. 2™ Generaticn of Computers C 3° Generation of Computers D. 4" Generation of Computers Which of the following computer supports thousands of users at the same time? A Microcomputer 8. Minicomputer c Mainframe computer c Laptop computer Who is responsible for protecting information and information systems from unauthorized people in an organization? A System Analyst B. Information Security Analyst Cc Network Administrator D. Hardware Engineer Which of the following is the fastest memory? A USB flash drive B. RAMChapter 1 B ROM D. Cache vii. | What type of software a device driver is? A Application software B. Business software Cc System software o. Productivity software viii, Which of the following is volatile memory? A RAM 8. ROM c USB flash drive o. Hard disk ix. Which software is distributed free of cost for a limited period as a trial version? A Open source software 8B Shareware c Freeware D. Productivity software x. When were IC chips developed? A Early 1960s B. Early 1970s c 1980s D 1990s Q2.__ Write short answers of the following questions. i. Describe Napier’s Bone and Slide Rule. Ans: Napier’s Bone: John Napier. a Scottish mathematician invented a calculating device called Napier's Bone in 1614 Construction: It consisted of a wooden box containing rotating cylinders each of which had the digits from 0 to 9 Function: It could multiply, dis addition and s: os ide and find square roots of numbers by using simple biggest achievement was the invention of logarithm. Napier's Bones Napier’s Bone Slide Rule: Based on the idea of logarithm, English mathematician, William Oughtred developed a device called Slid Rule in 1920s.Chapter 1 Function: was very useful for solving problems that involved multiplications and divisions Construction: it has three parts, slide. rule and a transparent sliding cursor as shown in Fig, Do You Know? Slide rule was replaced by electronic pocket calculator in the early 1970s. ii. Compare 1* and 3'° generation computers. Ans: First Generation Computers (4940 — 1956): Technology used: Vacuum tubes were used inthe first generation computers. Problems arising from the use of computers Vacuum tubes: Vacuum tubes generated so-rnuch heat that they had to be cooled by air conditioner. Vacuum tubes burnt out very often and it was difficult to repair and maintain the computers of first generation cf Vacuum Tube Features/ characteristics of first generation computers: The following are the characteristics of first generation computers . First generation computers used vacuum tubes. . Speed was slow and memory was very smallwww.notescity net Chapter 1 They were huge in size taking up entire room. First generation computers were very expensive and unreliable. They consumed a lot of power and generated a lot of heat. Input was based on punched cards. | Output was obtained on printouts through electric typewriter. Machine language was used in these computers Examples of first generation computers: Some examples of first generation Mini/Mainframe computers are ENIAC, UNIVAC |. IBM 604, Mark-I and EDSAC. Third Generation Computers (1963 - 1971): Technology used: Integrated Circuits (ICs), also known as semiconductor chips were used in third generation of computers instead of transistors. IC chips were developed in early 1960s IC chip: ‘A single IC chip contains a large number of transistors. IC chips increased the power and decreased the cost of computers. Invention of IC chips was a great breakthrough in advancing computer technology. IC chips are shown in Fig. ec enfe® IC Chips Features/ characteristics of third generation computers: . The following are the characteristics of third generation of computers. .. Third generation computers used IC chips. . IC chips improved the speed and memory of.computers ° Computers consumed less electricity,.became smaller, cheaper and more reliable than second generation computers. . Keyboard and monitor were used with the computer. ° These computers could run different application programs at the same time. Examples of third generation computers: Some examples of third generation computers are Burroughs 6700, IBM System/360, System 3 and Control Data Corporation's 3300 and 6600 computers. iit. Differentiate between analog and digital computers. Ans: Analog Computers: Analog computers represent and process data by measuring quantities such as voltage and current to solve a problem. They work on supply of continuous signals as input and display output simultaneously. Analog computers are special purpose devices, designed to perform single specific task. Mostly these devices are used in engineering and scientific applications Features/ characteristics of Analog Computers: The accuracy of analog computers is low but they are faster in speed as compared to digital computers. eocceeChapter 1 Construction: They mainly consist of electrical devices such as resisters. capacitors, transistors, etc. An analog computer with volt meter is shown in Fig 3 Analog Computer Digital Computer: Digital computer works with digits. Everything in a digital computer is represented with binary digits Os and 1s. It manipulates them at very fast speed Data and instructions are fed into the digital computer through an input device in the form of Os and 1s. Features/ characteristics of Digital Computer: The computer performs calculations on data according to the instructions given in acomputer program. The results of calculations are displayed on monitor or printed on printer. A digital computer is shown in Fig Digital Computer Digital computers can store and procéss large amount of information at high speed. The results produced by digital computers afé féliabie and accurate. Digital computers are general-purpose computers, used’in various fields. OR (Second Answer) Difference between an analog and a digital computer: Digital computer. A digital computer accepts data in the form of digits represents it in terms of discrete numbers and processes numbers using various Arithmetic and Ans. i- An analog computer accepts data in continuous or physical form, represents it in a suitable form to perform scientific operations. ii- These are special computers jii-These computers have no operational state. iv- Fast in processing as compare to digital computers. purpose general purpose ili-These computers have only two states On (0) and off (1). iv- Low processing speed as compare to analog computers.Chapter 1 www.notescity.net v- Accuracy is less as compare to| v- These computers are more accurate digital computers. - as compare to digital computers. vi- These computers have small | vi- The memory capacity is huge memory size. vii- These computers are used in| vii- These computers are used in complex scientific and mathematical | scientific and technical research, calculations business, education, healthcare, supermarkets, factories, banking, transportation, space exploration, art and music etc. Examples: IBM PCs. Apple Macintosh computers. Examples: Heath Kit EC-1 an educational analog computer by USA in 1960. iv. Ahmed, a class IX student is asking his father to replace his home computer CRT monitor with LCD monitor. How will you justify his demand? Ans: Justification of his demand: LCDs are free from geometric image distortions at the screen edges because they are a flat matrix display where every pixel is active. ‘ LCDs have uniform screen-brightness and the screen is covered with a flexible surface that is substantially less prone to specular glare compared to a glass covered CRT monitor screen LCDs are flicker free, which should reduce the risks of headaches and eyestrain Because LCDs are smalier than CRT monitor, LCDs required little space than CRT monitor LCD also require lesser energy than CRT Monitors. ve What will happen if storage devices are removed from a computer? Ans: Storage devices | are, core function and fundamental component of computers. The Purpose of the memory device is to|store the information and for the information retrieval. If storage devices are removed from a computer then it will not possible to store the information and information retrieval. vi. Differentiate between systems software and application software. Ans: System Sofware: System software is a collection of programs which makes the use of computer easy and efficient. Highly experienced computer programmers develop system software Following are the types of system software. i Operating system ii. Device drivers iii. Utility programs: iv. Language processors Application Software: Application software is developed for computer users to solve their problems such as preparing a letter, creating a presentation or managing a database. Commonly used application software includes productivity software, business software, entertainment software and education software.Chapter 1 How a student can use computer to improve academic performance? Using computer applications increases the students’ motivation for learning Management e Using of computer catch the attention of the students and increase their interest for learning Management. . Using computer applications lead to the development of students’ skills. . Using computer applications develops the students’ process of thinking critically . Using computer applications creates the opportunity for students to be active in class, and not passive . Using computer applications creates the opportunity for students to solve different case studies, to change the variables in these case studies and to see the results of these changes. . Using computer applications prepares the students for the knowledge-based society and economy which cannot be understood nowadays without computers in our day-to-day life . Using computer applications contributes to the students’ engagement in the process of learning Management. viii. Give any three uses of computers in a school library. Ans: Uses of computers in a school library: ° Access to large amounts of information.to users wherever they are and whenever they need it / Access to primary information.sources. Network accessibility on Intranet and Internet,» User-friendly interface Advanced search and retrieval. Multiple access/ Universal accessibility. Integration with other digital libraries. Name few house hold appliances in which microprocessor is used. Ans: Today, microprocessér is net only Used inymicrécomputers, they are also used in the devices including-mobile phones, microwave ovens, cameras, washing machines, televisions, etc. x. What are the tasks performed by operating system? Ans: The following tasks are performed by the operating system. i. It loads programs into memory and executes them. ii, It controls the operation of input/output and storage devices. It manages files and folders. iv. __Itallows to create password to protect computers from unauthorized use v. _ Itdetects hardware failures and displays messages to fix them Q3. Write long answers of the following questions. i. Describe the five generations of computers. Ans: See Q#10 Page 9, Q#11 Page 9, Q#12 Page 11, Q#2 (ii) 32. ii. Write a note on mainframe, minicomputer and microcomputer. Ans: Mainframe Computer: Mainframe computers were developed in early 1940s. NotesCity.net_© 2023Chapter 1 A mainframe computer is a very large, very powerful and expensive computer that can support hundreds and even thousands of users at the same time. Therefore, these computers are used in large organizations. The modern mainframe computers that use cutting edge technology are the foundation of today’s business in banking, insurance, education, air travel, research, health care, government and many other public and private organization. These computers can execute more than trillion instructions per second (TIPS). Some examples of mainframe computers are IBM's zEnterprise EC12, EC 196, HP 16500 Series and HP Integrity Superdome. A mainframe is shown in Fig. Mainframe computer Minicomputer: Minicomputer was introduced in the 1960s when IC chips were introduced. A minicomputer is bigger than a microcomputer but smaller than a mainframe. These computers can execute billions of instructions per second (BIPS). Therefore, they can process more data than microcomputers. Today, minicomputers with cutting edge technology are playing an important role in business organizations for their data processing requirements. These are used in organizations that have hundreds of users such as PIA, NADRA, police departments, hospitals, etc. A minicomputer is shown in Fig. Examples of minicomputers are IBM System/36 and HP 3000. Minicomputer Microcomputer: Microcomputers are the smallest and the low cost computers. These computers are most commonly used in homes and offices. Microcomputer was. introduced in 1970s when microprocessor was developed. A microprocessor is a single chip that controls the operations of the entire computer system. Modern microcomputers have large storage capacity and they can execute millions ofChapter 1 instructions per second (MIPS). A variety of software is available for use in these computers . Microcomputers are available in various forms such as desktop, laptop and tablet as shown in Fig. fz EN Microcomputer: (a)Desktop (b)Laptop (c)Tablet Microcomputer Some popular companies that manufacture microcomputers are IBM, Dell, HP, Toshiba and Acer. A microcomputer is also known as Personal Computer or PC.IBM Lenovo series, Dell XPS series and HP Envy series are some popular microcomputers Explain the basic operations of a computer. Basic Operations of a Computer: The following four basic operations are performed by computers which are shown in Fig INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT An: STORAGE Basic operations of a computer . Input operation . Processing operation . Storage operation ° Output operation Input Operation: A computer is a data processing machine. Users enter data and instructions into the computer through keyboard or mouse. It can also be provided to the computer from a storage device such as hard disk, CD-or USB memory. The input data/instructions are stored in memory for further processing. Processing Operation: Microprocessor processes the data according to the instruction given to it. The microprocessor fetches the data/instructions from the memory and stores it in instruction register. The control unit then decodes the instruction to find out which operation is to be performed. After decoding the instruction, it sends signals to other parts of the computer to execute it. Storage Operation: The results produced after processing are stored in memcry before they are sent to the output device or permanent storage device like hard disk. Output Operation: The results of data processing stored in memory must be output so that they can be seen by the user. The control unit displays the results on the monitor or NotesCity.net_© 2023Prints it on the printer. Results can also be saved in a storage device such as hard disk for use in the future. iv. Write short note on the following. . a. Hardware Engineer b. ~° Network Administrator ©. Database Administrator d._ Web Designer @. Multimedia Designer Ans: a. Hardware Engineer: Hardware engineers design and manufacture computer hardware. Their work also involves repair and maintenance of computer hardware. They have in- depth knowledge of internal working of computers, processors, circuit boards and other electronic equipment. b. Network Administrator: Network administrators are responsible for installation, configuration and maintenance of computer networks in organizations. They are in charge of maintenance of computer hardware and software that make up a computer network. They assign passwords to network users so that unauthorized people do not have access to network. C Database Administrator; Database administrator is a person who is responsible for the design, implementation and maintenance of a database in an organization. He is also responsible for maintaining securityand monitoring the performance of database. d. Web Designer: Web designer is-a) person Whose job is to plan and create websites. He designs web pages that include text, images, sound, video clips and make the website interactive. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the most commonly used language for creating websites! e. Multimedia Designer: Multimedia designers are people who organize and present information in an easy to understand and attractive manner. They combine text, graphics, animation, audio and video. Multimedia designers creaté digital, images and arrange them in sequence for animation using computer software.” They have the skills to edit and manipulate audio/video files. They usually work in film/TV industry, computer software companies and advertising companies. ve Describe the following types of application software. a. Productivity software b. Business software c Entertainment software d. Education software OR Identify the use of productivity, business, entertainment and education software. Ans: a. Productivity software: Productivity software includes word-processing, spreadsheet and database management software packages. These software packages are used by individuals to speed up their daily routine tasks by doing their work in an organized and efficient way. NotesCity.net_© 2023 Chapter 1Chapter 1 www.notescity.net b. Business software: Any software that helps in running business in a more efficient way to improve productivity is known as business software. Some examples of commonly used business software are accounting, sales and marketing, inventory control, Project management and payroll software. . c Entertainment software: Software developed to entertain people is known as entertainment software. Video games are one of the most popular forms of entertainment software. Many games are lot of fun to play but sometimes they can also help to improve skills such as typing or reading. The term edutainment merges games and education software into single software. Edutainment software is used mainly for entertainment but it educates as well d. Education software: Software developed for educational purpose is known as education software. A large variety of education software has been developed. Education software includes typing tutor, spelling tutor, language learning, medical and healthcare, driving test and flight simulation software, etc. Lab Activities Activity 1: Demonstrate how input/output devices are connected to the system unit of the computer. Activity 2: Students should be shown components of computer such as RAM, ROM, microprocessor, ports, expansion slots and power supply attached to the computer system. NotesCity.net_© 2023 n