Friction factor calculation Temperature (°C) 0 5 10

Viscosity of water 1.99 1.52 1.31

Design discharge Q = 6.27 m3/s in centistockes
Water temperature T = 25 ºC (mm2/s)
Viscosity of water at 25 ºC γ = 9.000E-07 m2/s Source: Water Supply & Sanitary Engineering, page no.- 1/1
Roughness value ε = 0.15 mm Ref: Micro-Hydro Mannual by Adam Harvey, page no.-125, T
Diameter ( mm ) D = 1800 mm Ref: ITDG mannual, page no.- 61

Roughness value (mm)

Velocity in pipe, V ( m/s ) 2.46 Use normal condition for design purpose
Reynold's number, Re 4.93E+06 OK range Age/condition
Friction factor, f 0.013 Material Good (<5
years)
Smooth pipes
PVC, HDPE, MDPE, 0.003
Glass fibre
Concrete 0.06
Mild Uncoated 0.01
steel- Galvinized 0.06
Cast iron
New 0.15
Slight corrosion 0.6
Old- Moderate corrosion 1.5
Severe corrosion 6.0
Source: Micro-Hydro Design Mannual by Adam Harvey, pag

Formula used to calculate friction factor according to Swame

1.325 where
f  2  =
   
  D 5.74  VD
 In  0 .9   R e 
  3.7 Re   =
  
5000  Re  10 8

See- ASCE/EPRI Guides 1989,

 15 20 25
1.15 1.01 0.9

ry Engineering, page no.- 1/151, Table 11.1

dam Harvey, page no.-125, Table 3.11.2

Age/condition
Normal
Poor
(5-15
(>15 years)
years)

0.01 0.05

0.15 1.5
0.1 0.5
0.15 0.3

0.3 0.6
1.5 3.0
3.0 6.0
10.0 20.0
annual by Adam Harvey, page no.-125, Table 3.11.2

n factor according to Swamee & Jain 1976

Roughness values

Reyonld's number

0  Re  10 8

- ASCE/EPRI Guides 1989, Page no. 5-6

 Middle Midim Hydropower Project, (4.8MW)
Lamjung Nepal
Power and Energy Calculation

Design Discharge (@Q40%) = 6.27 m3/s Turbine Effeciency (ht) = 93.0%

Gross Head = 106.00 m Generator Efficiency (hg) = 97.0%
Downstream Release = 0.289 m3/s Transformer Efficiency (htr) = 99.0%
Outage+Losses (Out) = 5.00% Combined Efficiency (ho) = 89.31%

Install Capacity 6,000 KW

River Plant
Headloss Net Head Average Power Energy Outage Contract Energy
Month Days Discharge Discharge
(m) (m) (KW) (KWh) (KWh) (KWh)
(m3/s) (m3/s)
E=P*D*24*
D QR QP Dh HN P=ht*hg*9.81*QP*HN Out*E E-Out*E
htr
Baisakh 31 3.16 2.87 2.46 103.54 2,631 1,937,889 96,894 1,840,995

Jesth 31 3.87 3.58 3.61 102.39 3,245 2,390,137 119,507 2,270,630

Ashar 32 6.9 6.27 10.23 95.77 5,314 4,040,340 202,017 3,838,323

Srawan 31 15.76 6.27 10.23 95.77 5,314 3,914,080 195,704 3,718,376

Bhadra 31 21.89 6.27 10.23 95.77 5,314 3,914,080 195,704 3,718,376

Asoj 31 16.27 6.27 10.23 95.77 5,314 3,914,080 195,704 3,718,376

Kartik 30 9.13 6.27 10.23 95.77 5,314 3,787,819 189,391 3,598,428

Mangsir 29 5.45 5.16 7.06 98.94 4,519 3,113,772 155,689 2,958,083

Poush 30 3.69 3.40 3.29 102.71 3,091 2,203,265 110,163 2,093,102

Magh 29 3.12 2.83 2.40 103.60 2,595 1,788,059 89,403 1,698,656

Falgun 30 2.89 2.60 2.09 103.91 2,392 1,705,018 85,251 1,619,767

Chaitra 30 2.91 2.62 2.12 103.88 2,410 1,717,848 85,892 1,631,956

Total 365 34,426,387 1,721,319 32,705,068

Dry Seasonal Energy (Poush to Chaitra) 7,043,481 KWh 21.54%

Wet Seasonal Energy (Baishak to Magh) 25,661,587 KWh 78.46%

Total Annual Energy 32,705,068 KWh 100.00%

30,910,858
Plant Factor 62.22%
 Middle Midim Hydropower Project, (4.8MW)
Lamjung Nepal
Headloss Calculation

Month Baishak Jestha Ashad Shrawan Bhadra Ashoj Kartik Mangshir Poush Magh Falgun Chaitra Remarks

3.16 3.87 6.9 15.76 21.89 16.27 9.13 5.45 3.69 3.12 2.89 2.91
Flow in River (m3/s)
6.27 6.27 6.27 6.27 6.27 6.27 6.27 6.27 6.27 6.27 6.27 6.27
Design Discharge(m3/s)
0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289
Reparian Flow(m3/s)
Flow for Power 2.871 3.581 6.27 6.27 6.27 6.27 6.27 5.161 3.401 2.831 2.601 2.621
Generation(m3/s)
Headloss Upto Headpond(m 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34
Penstock Pipe
Length(m) 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000
Diameter(m) 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8
Velocity (m/s) 1.12823 1.40724 2.46395 2.46395 2.46395 2.46395 2.46395 2.02814 1.33651 1.11251 1.02213 1.02999
Friction factor(f) 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013
Headloss(m) 1.87425 2.91589 8.93917 8.93917 8.93917 8.93917 8.93917 6.05661 2.63012 1.82239 1.53831 1.56205
Bifurcation-1 to spear needle
Length(m) 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
Diameter(m) 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
Velocity (m/s) 1.0815 1.0815 1.0815 1.0815 1.0815 1.0815 1.0815 1.0815 1.0815 1.0815 1.0815 1.0815
Friction factor(f) 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013
Headloss(m) 0.00954 0.00954 0.00954 0.00954 0.00954 0.00954 0.00954 0.00954 0.00954 0.00954 0.00954 0.00954
Bifurcation-2 to spear needle
Length(m) 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
Diameter(m) 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
Velocity (m/s) 1.0815 1.0815 1.0815 1.0815 1.0815 1.0815 1.0815 1.0815 1.0815 1.0815 1.0815 1.0815
Friction factor(f) 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013
Headloss(m) 0.0095 0.0095 0.0095 0.0095 0.0095 0.0095 0.0095 0.0095 0.0095 0.0095 0.0095 0.0095
Total Headloss 2.46 3.61 10.23 10.23 10.23 10.23 10.23 7.06 3.29 2.40 2.09 2.12