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Lecture 25

The document covers differentiation rules including the chain rule and inverse function rule. Examples are provided for applying these rules, such as taking the derivative of f(x)=sin(e^2x) and finding the rate of change of potential energy. The inverse function theorem and examples of derivatives of inverse functions are also discussed.

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37 views5 pages

Lecture 25

The document covers differentiation rules including the chain rule and inverse function rule. Examples are provided for applying these rules, such as taking the derivative of f(x)=sin(e^2x) and finding the rate of change of potential energy. The inverse function theorem and examples of derivatives of inverse functions are also discussed.

Uploaded by

The trickster
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lec 25: More differentiation rules

MATH 147 Section 2, Fall Term 2022

I (We will first cover the Chain Rule from Lecture 24)
I Examples with the Chain Rule
I Inverse Function Rule

Key references: Text book sec 3.3


Chain Rule examples

Exercise
Find the derivative function of f (x) = sin(e 2x ).

Exercise
Find the rate of change of potential energy with respect to time for an object falling from rest.
Inverse Function Rule

Theorem 5 (The Derivative of an Inverse Function/Inverse Function Theorem)


Let I be a nonempty open interval and let f be differentiable and strictly monotone on I . For any a ∈ I such
that f 0 (a) 6= 0, the inverse function f −1 is differentiable at f (a) and
0 1
f −1 (f (a)) = .
f 0 (a)

Equivalently, for any b ∈ ran(f ) such that f 0 (f −1 (b)) 6= 0, the inverse function f −1 is differentiable at b and
0 1
f −1 (y ) = .
f 0 (f −1 (b))

We will give the main idea of the proof on the next slide.
First, note that equivalence of the two statements in the theorem follow from the bijection between I and
J = ran(f ).
Since f is differentiable, it is continuous. It follows that (using Theorem 3 from Lecture 20) the range J is an
open interval and f −1 : J → I is continuous.
Proof of Inverse Function Theorem

Consider an arbitrary a ∈ I such that f 0 (a) 6= 0. Let b = f (a) ∈ J.


Now consider the Newton quotient

f −1 (b + ∆y ) − f −1 (b) ∆x
=
∆y ∆y
1
= .
(∆y )/(∆x)

We want to say that

f −1 (b + ∆y ) − f −1 (b) 1 1
(f −1 )0 (b) = lim = = 0 .
∆y →0 ∆y lim ∆y /∆x f (a)
∆x→0

This needs some justification – continuity of f and f −1 .


Examples of derivatives of inverse functions

Exercise
Use the Inverse Function Theorem to find the derivative function of:
1. f (x) = ln(x) for x > 0.
2. f (x) = arcsin(x) for |x| < 1.

Theorem 6 (The General Power Rule)


d r
For any rational number r , we have dx
x = rx r −1 , provided that x r and x r −1 are defined.

Proof.
Exercise.

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