Answers

Answers
5. (a) (i) 43 – 33 = 37
Chapter 1 53 – 43 = 61
Further Exercise 1.1 63 – 53 = 91
1. 24 (ii) No, I do not agree with James.
2. (a) True (b) (i) 43 = 64 = 13 + 15 + 17 + 19
(b) True 53 = 125 = 21 + 23 + 25 + 27 + 29
(c) False 63 = 216 = 31 + 33 + 35 + 37 + 39
(d) True + 41
3. 37 (ii) When odd numbers are added an
4. Answer varies. E.g. Multiplying 2 and 7 will ‘odd number of times’, the
give 14, which is an even number. answer is odd. When odd
5. (a) 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 numbers are added an
(b) 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 ‘even number of times’, the
(c) 3 × 5 × 11 answer is even.
(d) 2 × 3 × 5 × 11
Further Exercise 1.4
Further Exercise 1.2 1. (a) >
1. 168 (b) <
2. 4 times (c) >
3. (a) 1260 s (d) >
(b) 8 km 2. (a) (–8 + 4), (3 – 5), (5 – 6)2, (–1 + 3)3
! "
4. 15 (b) √5! , √5 + 4, ( )! , [2 × (−3)]!
#!
5. (a) 15 3. (a) 5th July, 6th July, 7th July, 1st July,
(b) 900 2nd July, 3rd July, 4th July
6. 2 (b) 6838
7. 15 (c) Four
8. 5 4. (a) 24
(b) 130
Further Exercise 1.3 (c) 18
1. (a) 10 (d) 32
(b) 14 (e) 8
(c) 42 (f) 2
(d) 210 5. (a) 5
(e) 450 (b) 19
(f) 1800 $
(c)
2. (a) 18 !
(d) 2
(b) 25
(e) 3
(c) 36 $
(d) 100 (f) 7
!
(e) 144 6. (a) 6 × (2 + 2) = 24
(f) 504 (b) (3 + 2) × 8 = 40
3. (a) y = 3 (c) 4 × (2 + 3) × 5 = 100
(b) y = 11 or y = –11 (d) 3 × (6 − 4) × 2 = 12
(c) y = 9 or y = –9 (e) (8 − 5) × (12 − 9) = 9
(d) y = 9 or y = –9 (f) (12 + 3) ÷ (10 − 7) = 5
!%
(e) y = 1 or y = –1 7.
&'
(f) y = 121
(g) y = 100
(h) y = 343
4. 4, 16, 36, 64

© 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd Answers 1

 Answers

Further Exercise 1.5 8. $12 400

1. (a) 2.71 9. No, I do not agree. Even though 30 is the
(b) 1751 same as 30.0, 30 does not have a decimal
(c) 17.989 place. Hence, 30.0 should be the correct
(d) 1 answer.
2. 39 Chapter Opener Revisit
3. Largest possible value: 992 249 999 Today, numbers are used in different contexts
Smallest possible value: 992 150 000 and for different purposes. Cardinal numbers
4. (a) Upper bound of the total length tell us how many of something there are. For
= 48.5 cm example, the amount of money that a person
Lower bound of the total length has and the number of planets in our Solar
= 45.5 cm system. Ordinal numbers tell us the position of
(b) Candy 1 and candy 2: something. For example, the placing of a
Upper bound of the difference in runner in a race (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.). Nominal
length = 6 cm numbers are used to name or identify
Lower bound of the difference in something. For example, the number on the
length = 4 cm back of a soccer player’s jersey and the zip or
Candy 1 and candy 3: postal code of a building.
Upper bound of the difference in
length = 13 cm Chapter 2
Lower bound of the difference in Further Exercise 2.1
length = 11 cm 1. (a) <
Candy 2 and candy 3: (b) <
Upper bound of the difference in (c) =
length = 8 cm (d) =
Lower bound of the difference in 2. (a) 6
length = 6 cm (b) 19
&
5. Upper bound of speed of car ≈ 33.3 m/s (
)*
Lower bound of speed of car ≈ 18.5 m/s (c) 8 &+
6. (a) 180 m $+
(d) 3
$$
(b) 2035 m2 $)
(e)
7. (a) %%
3. 28
)
4.
14.5 15.5 $+
9.5 10.5 5. (a) 804
15.5 16.5 (b) 536
10.5 11.5 $
6.
&
(b) (i) Yes, Danny can be sure that the
greeting cards will fit into the Further Exercise 2.2
envelopes. The upper bound of 1. (a) $176
the length of the greeting card is '
(b) 48 % or 48.9%
%
the same as the lower bound of
2. 234
the length of the envelope, and
3. 40%
the upper bound of the breadth
4. 10%
of the greeting card is the same
5. (a) 2400
as the lower bound of the
(b) 360
breadth of the envelope.
(c) 1440
In other words, the largest
6. (a) 12
possible greeting cards can fit
(b) 12
into the smallest possible
(c) 18
envelopes.
(d) 18
(ii) Upper bound of area = 163 cm2
Lower bound of area = 138 cm2

2 Answers © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd

 Answers

(e) Answers obtained in parts (a) and (b) Revision Exercise 1

are the same. Similarly, the answers $'*
1. (a)
obtained in parts (c) and (d) are the !++
*$
same. This means that x% of y and (b) 1
!(+
!
y% of x will result in the same value. (c) 1
$$
The operation involved in finding $%
(d)
percentage is commutative. !*
7. 5.64% 2. (a) $280
(b) $70
Chapter Opener Revisit 3. 3 times
64 800 4. (a) −40%
(b) 20%
Chapter 3 5. (a) 2 ∶ 7
Further Exercise 3.1 (b) 24 cm
1. (a) 3 : 7 6. (a) 15 min
$
(b) 3 : 6 : 7 (b) 58 % or 58.3%
)
2. 35 : 42 : 30 7. 4
3. 29 : 70 : 15 8. 30 h
4. (a) 1 : 4 9. No, I do not agree.
(b) 3 : 2 10. (a) Upper bound: 44 kg
(c) 3 : 1 : 6 Lower bound: 36 kg
5. a : b (b) 12
Since the initial amount of money that 11. 54
Dan and Eve have were doubled, the new 12. (a) Printer A
ratio will have a common factor 2, that is, (b) 42 min
2a : 2b. When this new ratio is expressed (c) 1.5 h
in the simplest form, it results in a : b. 13. (a) 10
6. (a) 1264 (b) No, I do not agree.
(b) 4 : 15 : 30
Chapter 4
Further Exercise 3.2 Further Exercise 4.1
1. (a) 35 (
(b) 6 : 5 : 6 1. (a) 𝑥
!
( (b) 7
2.
$! 2. (a) (i) 4𝑝𝑞
3. 40 (ii) 96
,
(b) (i) $
Further Exercise 3.3 -
,
1. (a) Car park A: $1.78 per hour; (ii) $ >!- − 10?
Car park B: $1.50 per hour 3. (a) 𝑛𝑑
(b) Ivan should park in car park B as the (b) Number of cookies per box = 16,
average parking fee per hour in car number of boxes = 3
park B is cheaper than in car park A.
2. 120 km/h Further Exercise 4.2
3. (a) AUD 390.41 1. (a) (i) (2𝑥 − 6) years
(b) SGD 106.60 (ii) (2𝑥 − 8) years
4. 12 (iii) 2𝑥 years
5. 100 km/h (iv) (2𝑥 + 2𝑡 − 6) years
6. 4 (b) 24 years
2. (a) 20𝑠 + 2𝑡 − 7𝑟
Chapter Opener Revisit (b) −70
Her speed is 15 km/h or 4.17 m/s. 3. (a) (10 + 3𝑦 + 7𝑧) buttons
Yes, her “speed” will change as the total time (b) (6𝑦 − 2𝑧 − 10) more buttons
she takes now will be 27 + 5 = 32 min.

Answers © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 3

 Answers

4. (a) 6𝑚𝑛 − 6𝑚𝑝 + 3 Further Exercise 4.4

(b) 2𝑥 ! + 4𝑦 ! 1. (a) −
./ !
(c) 4 − 𝑐! "
!()1#$)
5. (a) 65 (b)
!1#)
(b) (i) 𝑛 + 11 !3! 4 "
2. (a)
(ii) 𝑛 + 22 (5 "
(c) (i) 3𝑛 + 33 (b) – 2𝑏&
)1(!-#1)
(d) Yes, Xavier is correct. (c)
(-61)(16$)
6. Answer varies. Example: 3. (a)
$
4ℎ − 3𝑘 − ℎ + 𝑘 = 3ℎ − 2𝑘 3#)
(
(b)
(#)4
Further Exercise 4.3 )((#)5)
(c)
1. (a) −3𝑎 − 𝑏 ()#!5)"
#7(!76$)
(b) −6𝑐 + 8𝑑 (d)
((#!7)($#7)
(c) 15ℎ! − 7ℎ + 8 !($#8)
(e)
(d) 4𝑘 ! − 13𝑘 8(8#))
!.6%
2. (a) 2(6𝑎 − 4𝑏 + 9𝑎𝑏) (f)
(.6$)(.6))
(b) −𝑐𝑑! (𝑐 + 𝑑𝑒) 4. (b) 𝑘 = 5
(c) (2𝑓 + 5)(4𝑓 − 3)
(d) (3ℎ − 2)(ℎ − 7) Chapter Opener Revisit
3. (a) 3𝑝! − 14𝑝 − 24 Assume the age is less than 100 years old, and
(b) 𝑟 ! + 11𝑟 − 35 is written as 𝑥𝑦 years old, where 𝑥 is the digit in
(c) 15𝑢 − 2𝑣 + 𝑢𝑣 − 8 the tens place, and 𝑦 is the digit in the ones
(d) 𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑥𝑧 + 2𝑤𝑦 − 6𝑤𝑧 place.
(e) 2𝑎) + 3𝑎! − 1
(f) −2𝑐 ) + 6𝑐 ! + 2𝑐 − 3
4. (a) 2(2𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘 − 1)
(b) (4𝑝 + 3𝑟)(𝑝 + 2𝑟)
(c) 𝑦(𝑥 + 1)(𝑦 − 3)

5. (a) 𝑎 = 6
(b) (−1)(𝑏) must give the positive
constant 3. If b is a positive integer,
The answer in the numerical example is
then (−1)(𝑏) will be negative, which
1523. The first two digits 15 reveal the age.
is incorrect. Hence, Andrew is wrong
to say that b is a positive integer.
From the algebraic expression, the age is
𝑏 = −3
represented by 1000𝑥 + 100𝑦 + 2030 −
(c) 𝑐 = −11
𝑌𝑌𝑌𝑌, where 2030 − 𝑌𝑌𝑌𝑌 is a 2-digit
6. (a) (2𝑐 − 3𝑑)(𝑐 + 4𝑑)
constant, denoted by 𝑚𝑛. Hence, the 4-digit
(b) (2 − 3𝑑) and (1 + 4𝑑)
result can be written as 𝑥𝑦𝑚𝑛, where 𝑥, 𝑦,
7. (a) (i) 𝑥 ! + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 !
𝑚 and 𝑛 are integers from 0 to 9. The first
(ii) 10 404
two digits 𝑥𝑦 is the person’s age.
(iii) 𝑥𝑦 = −24
(b) (i) 𝑎! − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏!
Fun with Maths!
(ii) 39 204
(iii) 𝑎! + 𝑏! = 6404
Area of largest square
8. (a) 𝑎! − 𝑏!
= (𝑎 + 𝑏)!
(b) 89 999
= 𝑎! + 𝑏! + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏
(c) 3800
= 𝑎! + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏!

∴ (𝑎 + 𝑏)! = 𝑎! + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏!

4 Answers © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd

 Answers

))+
Area of square 𝑋 9. (a) min
1
= (𝑎 − 𝑏)! ))+
= 𝑎! − 𝑏! − 2𝑏(𝑎 − 𝑏) (b) min
1#$!.(
= 𝑎! − 𝑏! − 2𝑎𝑏 + 2𝑏! (c)
))+
−
))+
= 10
1#$!.( 1
= 𝑎! − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏!
(d) 𝑦 = 27.5 or 𝑦 = −15
! !
∴ (𝑎 − 𝑏) = 𝑎 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 ! (e) The rate of painting cannot be a
negative value.
Area of remaining figure after square 𝑌 is cut (f) 12 min
out
= 𝑎! − 𝑏 ! Further Exercise 5.2
= 𝑎(𝑎 − 𝑏) + (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑏 1. 𝑥 = 4 and 𝑦 = 1
) (
= (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏) 2. 𝑝 = and 𝑞 =
* *
3. 𝑥 = 7 and 𝑦 = 11
Chapter 5 4. 𝑝 = 2 and 𝑞 = 0
Further Exercise 5.1 5. (a) 15𝑥 + 18𝑦 = 399
1. (a) 𝑎 = −5 (b) 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 24
(b) 𝑏 = 13 (c) 𝑥 = 11 and 𝑦 = 13
2. 55 cents (d) 234 oranges
3. (a) 𝑝 = 1
% 6. Peach: $1.60, mango: $1.25
!! 7. (a) 𝑥 = 2 or 𝑥 = −4
(b) 𝑡 = 28
! (b) (i) 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = 0 or
(c) 𝑥 = 1 𝑥 = −4 and 𝑦 = 6
(
(d) 𝑡 = 4 (ii) 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 1
$
4. (a) 𝑣 = −10 8. (a) Answers vary. Example:
!
(b) 𝑤 = 12 𝑥 = 4 and 𝑦 = 1 or
!
(c) 𝑢 = 12 or 𝑢 = −12 𝑥 = 5 and 𝑦 = 1 )
$$
(d) 𝑤 = − or 𝑤 = 4 (b) This pair of equations has an infinite
$*
! ! number of solutions.
5. (a) 𝑏 = or 𝑏 = −
) ) 9. (a) 6𝑥 + 4𝑦 cannot be 5 and 14 at the
(b) 𝑐 = 7 or 𝑐 = −13 same time.
(c) 𝑑 ≈ 8.09 or 𝑑 ≈ −3.09 (b) This pair of equations do not have
(d) 𝑥 ≈ −0.438 or 𝑥 ≈ −4.56 any solutions.
(e) 𝑦 = −5 or 𝑦 = 8
(f) 𝑥 ≈ 1.29 or 𝑥 ≈ 0.310 Further Exercise 5.3
6. Ann: $66, Bilal: $51, Chris: $43 1. (a) 𝐴 = 1232
7. (a) 3 − 𝑛 :
(b) (i) ℎ = −𝑟
(b) 𝑛! + (3 − 𝑛)! = 65 !;<
$*
(c) 𝑛 = 7 or 𝑛 = −4 (ii) ℎ = 2 *+
(d) −4 and 7 ),
((+
2. (a) 𝑥 = $';#=
8. (a) h
-
((+
(b) 𝑥 = ±X𝑦 − 𝑞𝑡
(b) h '1 !
-#!+
((+ ((+
(c) 𝑥=
(1#!)!
(c)
-#!+
− - =1
! !16&
(d) 𝑥 ≈ 115 or 𝑥 ≈ −95.4 (d) 𝑥 = Y
1#$
(e) 4.77 h )
(f) (i) The time that the train took on
3. (a) 𝑎=2
(
Monday will be shorter. (b) 𝑏 = ±√5𝑎 − 4
(ii) The time that the train took on (c) 𝑏 = ±9
Wednesday will be shorter. 4. 𝑘 = 4, 𝑛 = 2
5. (a) 𝑉 = 3
$
(b) 𝑚 = (𝑉 ) + 𝐴)
)
(c) 𝑚 = 4

Answers © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 5

 Answers

6. (a) (i) 96°F 4. (a) 18th March at 00:22 am

(ii) 𝐹 = 2𝐶 + 30 (b) 7 h 44 min
(b) 𝐶 = 10, 𝐹 = 50 (c) 12 h 32 min
( (d) (i) 5:17 pm
(c) (i) 𝐶 = (𝐹 − 32)
%
(ii) 3:25 am is too early and too
(ii) 26.7°C
dark. This can be dangerous
for Judy’s safety.
Further Exercise 5.4
(e) (i) 16th March and 17th March
1. (a) 𝑥 ≥ −2
(ii) 9th March, 10th March and
(b) 2
11th March
2. (a) −5 < 𝑥 < 5
(b) 0, 1 and 4
Further Exercise 6.2
(c) perfect squares or square numbers
$ 1. $42.12
3. (a) 𝑐 ≤ 8 2. 2.05%
!
(b) 𝑐 > 3 3. 20%
(c) 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 4. Account A
4. (a) 𝑦 = −3 and 𝑦 = −1
$
5. (a) 𝑝 ≤ 10 Further Exercise 6.3
)
(b) 𝑝 > 8 1. (a) 𝑛 = 80(1 − 0.0035)>
(d) 9 and 10 (b) 78
$ 2. (a) 𝑣 = 6500(1 − 0.143)>
(e) 10
) (b) $3004.81
& $
6. (a) 4 <𝑥< 7 3. 112%
( )
(c) 5, 7
! Chapter Opener Revisit
7. (a) 8 ≤ ℎ < 9
) Amount at the end of 5 years = $1100,
(b) (i) 9
Interest earned = $100
(ii) 8

Chapter Opener Revisit Revision Exercise 2

Ben could replace each picture of a strawberry 1. (a) 𝑥 − 2
with the variable 𝑥, and each picture of a comb (b) $(6𝑥 − 5)
of five bananas with the variable 𝑦 to form two 2. (a) (i) −20.3
equations. He can then solve the simultaneous (ii) −22.4
equations to find the values of 𝑥 and 𝑦. From (iii) 39.69
there, he can find the values represented by the (iv) 4.41
strawberry and the comb of five bananas. (b) 1.05
3. (a) (i) 6𝑎𝑏! − 2𝑎! 𝑏
(ii) 2𝑐 ! − 20𝑐 + 9
Chapter 6
(iii) 28𝑛! − 𝑛 − 2
Further Exercise 6.1
(b) (i) ℎ𝑘(ℎ + 𝑘)
1. (a) 6 h 41 min
(ii) (3𝑝 + 2)(𝑞 − 4)
(b)
(iii) (2𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 2)
(c) (i) 3.75
(ii) 11 000
&?#*
4. (a)
"
(!-6$)()#-)
(b)
(-#$)(-6$)
2. Sunday at 1:10 pm %1#*
3. 3 min (c)
()1#!)"

6 Answers © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd

 Answers

)16!;
5. (a) 𝑡= 2. (a) 2$'
$#1
(b) 𝑎$*
(b) (i) 𝑘 = 7
(c) 36𝑏!
(ii) 𝑛 = 0 or 𝑛 = −5
(d) 4𝑏!
(c) 𝑥 = √2 and 𝑦 = √2 − 1 or (e) 6𝑏
𝑥 = −√2 and 𝑦 = −√2 − 1 (f) 4𝑥 #$ 𝑦 )
6. (b) −3 < 𝑝 ≤ 4.75 51
(c) (i) −1, 0 and 1 3. (a)
70
(ii) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 1
!*
7. (a) 𝑥 > 4.5 (c) 2
&-
(b) 𝑘 = 3, 𝑛 = −5 -!
(d)
8. (a) 8 1"
(b) 𝑎 = 13, 𝑏 = 5 4. (a) 64
9. (a) 3𝑝 − 5𝑞 = −11, 𝑝 − 2𝑞 = −5 (b) 3
$
(b) 𝑝 = 3, 𝑞 = 4 (c)
(
(c) 40 cm (d) 1
&+++
10. (a) km/h (e) 9
>
&+++ (f) 1
(b) km/h
>6$ (g) 9
&+++ &+++
(c)
>
− >6$ = 50 (h) 64
(d) 𝑡 = 8.46 or 𝑡 = −9.46 5. (a)
$+!&
𝑑! 𝑓 *
%
(e) Only one of the solutions is accepted !- 1
as the time taken. This is because the (b)
)1
other solution is negative. Time 6. (a) 𝑥 =1
taken cannot be negative. (b) 𝑥 =2
(f) 423 km/h (c) 𝑥 =0
11. 3:00 am on Monday, 18th April (d) 𝑥 =2
12. (e) 𝑥 =1
Programme Time in 12-hour clock Time in 24-hour clock Duration
A 10: 30 am to 11: 45 am 10 30 to 11 45 1 h 15 min (f) 𝑥 =0
B 1: 30 pm to 3: 20 pm 13 30 to 15 20 1 h 50 min
C 8: 45 pm to 10: 30 pm 20 45 to 22 30 1 h 45 min
Further Exercise 7.2
1. (a) 4.800 × 10!
13. (a)
Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri Sat Sun (b) 9.600 × 10#!
7 h 30 min 0h 6 h 45 min 7 h 20 min 7 h 30 min 7 h 30 min 0h (c) 1.095 × 10(
(b) $768.25 (d) 8.333 × 10#$$
14. $310 2. 2 × 10%
15. $1700 3. (a) 4.2 × 10"
16. 4% (b) 1.62 × 10&
17. $62 500 (c) 3.0258 × 10+
18. 80.8% (d) 2.704 × 10)
19. 370 (e) 8.281 × 10*
(f) 3 × 10$+
Chapter 7 4. (a) 2 × 10)
Further Exercise 7.1 (b) 5.6 × 10#$"
1. (a) 2𝑑% (c) 2.9 × 10#)
(b) 𝑒$+ (d) 1.356 × 10&
(c) 10𝑐 #( (e) 2 × 10&
(d) 𝑔#& (f) 9 × 10
(e) 6ℎ$& 5. 3.64 × 10#$+ m
. ./ 0
(f) 𝑎! 𝑏 ! 𝑐 ! 6. (a) 1.37 × 10' s
(b) 1.30 × 10& years
7. 6.32 × 10#) m

Answers © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 7

 Answers

Further Practice 7.3 4. (a)

1. (a) −60√6
(b) −3√5
(c) 90√2
(d) 10√10
(e) 18√6 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
(f) 11√12 + 16
(g) 37 − 20√3 (b) 224
$ (c) Column 5
(h)
)@√( (d) 𝑦 = 7𝑘 − 6
)!√)#&$
2. (a) (e) 𝑚 = 7𝑘 − 3
$+*
$+ % (f) 7𝑚
(b) − − √2
* $&
$6 √!
(c) Further Exercise 8.2
) $ $
3. (74 + 2√5) m 2 1. (a) ,−
'$ )
$ $
4. c6 + √2d m (b) ,
$! !&
5. (4 + 8√2) m 2. (a)

Chapter Opener Revisit

We can express this distance in a simpler way –81
using standard form. 8
–648
Chapter 8 (b) (i) A= = −(−3)=#$
Further Exercise 8.1 (ii) B= = 2=#!
1. (a) Term-to-term rule: (c) 𝑛 = 9
𝑛th term = 2.5 + (𝑛 − 1)th term; (d) C= = A= × B=
Missing terms: –0.5, 4.5 (e) 𝑛 = 7
(b) Term-to-term rule: 3. (a) $507.54
$
𝑛th term = (𝑛 − 1)th term – ; (b) $528.20
"
$ $
Missing terms: !, "
Further Exercise 8.3
(c) (i) 3𝑚 − 4𝑛, 7𝑚 − 10𝑛
1. (a) 3, –2
(ii) His claim is correct.
(b) 12, 10, 7, 3
2. (a) –19
(c) (i) (𝑛 + 2)!
(b) 1 − 4𝑘
(ii) (𝑛 + 2)! + 1
3. (a)
2. (a) –27, 216
(b) (−1)= 𝑛)
–6 3. (a) 0, 12
(b) 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
6
(c) 2𝑛
0 (d) 50th and 51st terms
4. (a) 92 = 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11 + 12
(b) (i) 19 − 5𝑛
+ 13
(ii) 4𝑛 − 14
(b) 𝑦 = 37
(c) Sequence C = Sequence A +
(c) 𝑁 = 2𝑛 − 1, 𝑧 = 3𝑛 − 2
Sequence B
(d) No

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 Answers

Further Exercise 8.4 Chapter 9

1. (a) Further Exercise 9.1
1. (a) 𝑤 = 65, 𝑥 = 65, 𝑦 = 140, 𝑧 = 75
(b) 𝑥 = 44, 𝑦 = 70
2. (a) 𝑥 = 180 − 𝑝 + 𝑞
(b) 𝑥 = 𝑝 + 𝑞 − 𝑟 − 180
3. (a) 98°
4 13 (c) 42°
5 16 4. (a) 𝑥 = 26°
(b) 𝑥 = 25°
(b) (i) 𝑡=𝑛
(ii) 𝑠 = 3𝑛 + 1 Further Exercise 9.2
(c) 14 1. (a) 𝑥 = 40, 𝑦 = 100
(d) 33 (b) (i) 65°
(e) Up to pattern 8 (ii) 25°
2. (a)
2. 270°
3. 𝑥 = 38
4. (a) 𝑥 = 71
(b) 142°
5. 77° and 103°
(b)
Further Exercise 9.3
1. (a) 14
9 11
(b) 77.15°
2. (a) 36°
16 25
(b) 𝑥 = 72
(c) (i) 𝑛! 3. 𝑥 = 100
(ii) 2𝑛 + 1 4. (a) 𝑥 = 40
(d) 400 (b) No, 𝐷𝐸 is not parallel to 𝐶𝐹.
5. (a) 117°
3. (a) (b) 22.5°
$ $ $
6. (a)
=
− )= = !&
(b) 𝑛 = 16
(c) 172.5°
7. (a) 𝑥 = 75
(b) Smaller polygon: 8 sides,
larger polygon: 12 sides
61 8. (a) Angle 𝑄𝑅𝑆 = 156°;
D𝑅𝑆𝑋 is not an
(b) ℎ = 91, 𝑏 = 150 equilateral triangle.
(c) 𝑏 = 6(𝑛 − 1)! (b) 99°
(d) 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = −3 9. (a) 108°
(e) 726 (b) 162°
(c) 10 pentagons and 10 squares
Chapter Opener Revisit
1225 handshakes took place in the meeting Further Exercise 9.4
altogether. 1. (d) Extend the lines drawn at 𝐵 and at 𝐷
such that they intersect. Label this
point as 𝐶. Quadrilateral 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is
formed.
2. (a) 14 cm
(b) 448 000 m3

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 Answers

3. (a) 120 km2 angle 𝐶𝐴𝐷 = 90°.

(b) 20 cm2 (c) (ii) 690 m
(iii) 54°
Chapter Opener Revisit (iv) 272 500 m2
Answer varies.
Chapter 10
Revision Exercise 3 Further Exercise 10.1
1. (a) 2 1. (a) 200 000 000 cm2
(b) 54𝑦 & (b) 10 000 s
(c) 4𝑓 " 2. 406 ml
<" 3. (a) 30 g
(d)
$!(;" C " (b) 80 bottles
2. (a) 𝑥 = 14 4. The new block has the same density as
(b) 𝑥=7 water. Thus, the new block will not float or
3. 512 sink.
4. (a) 3.49 × 10!! N
(b) 6.37 × 10" m Chapter Opener Revisit
(c) Six million, three hundred and 160 km
seventy thousand metres
5. (a) 40 m Chapter 11
(b) (104 − 12√3) m2 Further Exercise 11.1
6. (a) –1, –2, –1, 2, 7, 14 1. (a)
(b) B= = (2 − 𝑛)! + 1
7. (a) Brand Tally Frequency
Honday |||| || 7
Vapid |||| 4
Hyundon |||| |||| 9
(b) 𝑥 = 6
(c) 15 Mercy |||| | 6
$ $
(d) 𝑎 = , 𝑏 = Wagons | 1
! !
My answer for part (c) is correct. Liat ||| 3
8. (a) 𝑥 = 50
(b) 𝑦 = 85
(c) 𝑧 = 275 (b) 3
(c) No, do not agree with Jane. The data
9. (a) 29°
only shows the number of cars sold
(b) 122°
by a particular car dealership in a
(c) 90°
particular month. The lone data is
10. 𝑥 = 92, 𝑦 = 59
not representative of the entire
11. (a) 6
world. So, Jane cannot think that
(b) 𝑛 = 17
Hyundon is the most popular car in
12. (a) 105°
the world.
(b) 𝑛 = 8
2. (a)
(c) 112.5°
Width
(d) 30°
13. (a) (i) 𝑠 = 144 5 15 25
(ii) 𝑡 = 108
10 17 0 0
(b) 10
Length

14. (a) 4 cm 20 6 8 0
(b) 1 : 3
30 1 9 7
15. (a) 25°
(b) Trapezium. It has one pair of parallel
(b) 10 × 5
sides, 𝐴𝐷 and 𝐵𝐶, as angle 𝐵𝐶𝐴 =

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 Answers

(c) Papers with the dimensions 10 × 5 (c) The cheetahs are heavier. The total
do not seem to sell as much, mass and the average mass of the
compared to papers with the cheetahs are greater than the total
other dimensions. Hence, the mass and the average mass of the
company should reduce the panthers.
production of papers with this
dimension. Further Exercise 11.3
1. (b) There is a positive correlation
Further Exercise 11.2 between the number of siblings and
1. (a) 3 kg the time spent after official
(b) 43 kg curriculum hours. As the number of
(c) The increase in mass for the first six siblings increases, the time spent in
years is smaller than the increase in school also increases.
mass for the next six years. (c) No, I do not agree. Even though
2. (b) Answers vary. Example: there is a positive correlation
Yes, I agree. The increase in the between the number of siblings and
number of male donors is more than the time spent after official
the increase in the number of female curriculum hours, it does not imply
donors. causation. There may be other
No, I do not agree. Both the male and reasons why a high schooler will
female donors increased by almost spend more time in school after
100% from 2015 to 2020. official curriculum hours.
3. (a) Girls: pop music 2. (b) There is a negative correlation
Boys: Heavy metal between the average amount of time
(b) 10 spent exercising and the resting
(d) The “pop music” genre is the most heartbeat. So, a possible relationship
popular among the students in the is the more time is spent on
school. exercising, the lower is the resting
4. (a) Country A heartbeat.
(c) Country B. It has an almost equal 3. (b) The airline officer can conclude that
number of males and females there is almost zero correlation
compared to the other countries. between the duration of a traveller’s
5. (b) 40 holiday and the mass of the
6. (a) 11 traveller’s luggage.
(b) 60
7. (a) 20 Further Exercise 11.4
(b) 8.29 km 1. (a)
(c) 660 km Phone usage (min) Frequency density Frequency
8. (a) Minimum: 52 kg 0 < x ≤ 10 0.1 1
10 < x ≤ 20 0.2 2
Maximum: 69 kg 20 < x ≤ 30 0.4 4
(b) The masses of the cheetahs are 30 < x ≤ 40 0.3 3
arranged in ascending order from 40 < x ≤ 50 0.4 4
50 < x ≤ 60 0.3 3
right to left, while the masses of the 60 < x ≤ 70 0.6 6
panthers are arranged in ascending 70 < x ≤ 80 0.3 3
order from left to right. 80 < x ≤ 90 0.4 4

There are two stems for 4 because (b) 14

there are many data for 4. So, the
data for 4 is split into two groups; the
first stem is for 40–44 kg and the
second stem is for 45–49 kg.
Likewise, there are two stems for 5
and two stems for 6.

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 Answers

2. (a) 2. (a) 2
Age Frequency (b) Infinite
15 < x ≤ 25 7 (c) 2
25 < x ≤ 30 11 (d) 2
30 < x ≤ 40 12 (e) 2
40 < x ≤ 50 9 (f) 4
50 < x ≤ 55 8
55 < x ≤ 70 3 Chapter Opener Revisit
(c) 60% From the front, there is one line of symmetry
3. (a) 150 that cuts the Taj Mahal into two identical parts.
(c) If the data range remains the same, From the top, there are four lines of symmetry.
there will no bars to represent the So, from the top view, the Taj Mahal has a
number of students who received rotational symmetry of order 4.
$20 or less. The heights of the other
three bars in the histogram will Fun with Maths!
increase. All the real-life paintings have at least one line
of symmetry. The architect painting is the
Chapter Opener Revisit painting with only one line of symmetry.
Company X sells more coffee than companies
R, S, T and U. Revision Exercise 4
The scale of the chart could be misleading. 1. (a) 1.5625 × 10& m3
(b) 1.5625 × 10$+ cm3
Fun with Maths! (c) 1.5625 × 10$) mm3
For both questions, it depends on the number 2. 0.102 kg
of different countries that we want to compare. 3. (a) (i) 8 cm
If we are comparing a small number of (ii) 120 cm2
countries (around 2 to 5), using a pie chart can (iii) 0.012 m2
give a good representation. If we are (b) 0.000 036 m3
comparing more than 5 countries, then a bar 4. (a) Country A. In each year from 2015 to
chart will give a better representation. In 2018, the bar for Country A is taller
addition, if we need to further analyse the than the bar for Country B.
various groups within the countries (e.g. by (b) 640 000 tonnes
gender, race or religion), then a comparison bar (c) Answers vary. Example:
chart will be the best. Country A. Country A was generating
more food waste than Country B.
Chapter 12 Country B. Country B was generating
Further Exercise 12.1 an increasing amount of food waste
2. (a) 2 compared to Country A.
(b) 1 5. 300
(c) 2 6. (a) 140
(d) 4 (b) 2018
(e) 9 (c) 25%
(f) 4 7. (a) Green beans. For each stem, the
(g) 6 height of the green bean sprouts are
(h) 3 generally taller than the height of the
red bean sprouts.
Further Exercise 12.2 (b) 𝑥 = 4. The heights of the green bean
1. (a) 2 sprouts are arranged in an ascending
(b) 9 order from right to left. Since x is
(c) 2 between two ‘4’s, it is not possible
(d) Infinite for x to have any other values apart
(e) 3 from 4.
(f) Infinite

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 Answers

(c)Minimum average height = 3.576 cm, 7. X2𝑥 ! + 4𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑦 ! cm

(i)
maximum average height = 3.608 cm X2𝑦 ! cm
(ii)
8. (b) Sammy can conclude that the more
√2(𝑥 + 𝑦) cm
(iii)
practice a team commits in a month,
8. (a)
(i) 29.1 m
the more the number of games that
(ii) 21.2 m
they can win.
(b) (i) 25.0 m
(c) Sammy should get the team to
(ii) 42.1 m
commit more hours of practice to
9. (a) 10.8 cm
ensure that his soccer team can win
(b) 12.9 cm
more games.
10. Yes, Bob has planted the flagpole upright.
9. (a) 60
(b) 11
Further Exercise 13.2
(c) 9
1. (a) 12 cm
10. (a)
(c) (i) The two sides 𝑃𝑄 and 𝑆𝑄 are
Mass (kg) Frequency perpendicular to each other.
0<x≤2 4 (ii) Trapezium
2<x≤4 6 2. (a) (i) 7.63 cm
4<x≤6 14 (ii) 7.60 cm
6<x≤8 6 (b) No, angle 𝐸𝐴𝐶 is not 90°.
(c) 𝐴𝐵 = 6 cm, 𝐵𝐶 = 8 cm
(c)The 6-month old pet may be of a (d) 1 : 12 500
different species or kind (e.g. dog,
cat, hamster) from the pets that were Chapter Opener Revisit
surveyed. 50 m
11. (a) Isosceles triangle
(b) Equilateral triangle Chapter 14
(c) Oval or rectangle Further Exercise 14.1
) & )
(d) Square 1. (a) (i) sin 𝜃 = , cos 𝜃 = , tan 𝜃 =
( ( &
14. (a) 4 $! (
(ii) sin 𝜃 = , cos 𝜃 = ,
(b) 2 $) $)
$!
tan 𝜃 = (
Chapter 13 ) & )
(iii) sin 𝜃 = (, cos 𝜃 = (, tan 𝜃 = &
Further Exercise 13.1 DEF G
1. (a) 24! + (7𝑦 − 3)! = (7𝑦 + 9)! (d)
HID G
= tan 𝜃
' $( '
(b) 𝑦 = 3 2. (a) sin 𝜃 = $*, cos 𝜃 = $*, tan 𝜃 = $(
(c) 72 cm $! ( $!
(b) sin 𝜃 = $), cos 𝜃 = $), tan 𝜃 =
2. (a) 𝑥 ! + (2𝑥 − 1)! = (3𝑥 − 7)! (
) 3. (a) 𝑥 = 27.1 cm, 𝑦 = 17.0 cm
(b) 𝑥 = or 𝑥 = 8
! (b) 𝑥 = 6.29 m, 𝑦 = 8.54 m
)
(c) 𝑥 = ! is undefined as it will give a 4. (a) 𝜃 = 36.9°
negative value for the length of 𝑅𝑄. (b) 𝜃 = 37.4°
)
(d) 60 cm2 5.
(
3. $10 277 6. 1.88 cm
4. (a) (i) 46.1 cm 7. 𝑥 = 18
(ii) 14.3 cm
(b) 43.9 cm Further Exercise 14.2
5. Only candles of sizes A and B can fit in the 1. (a) 094°
gift bag. (b) 044°
6. (a) 114 mm
2. (a) 150°
(b) No, John is not correct.
(b) 330°
(c) 54𝑛 + 6
3. 18.4°
(d) 186
4. 1.50 m

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 Answers

5. (a) 2.24 cm Fun with Maths!

(b) 35.3 cm Answers vary. Example:
(c) 14.4 m Drink can: No, the drink can is not filled to the
brim with liquid.
Chapter Opener Revisit My house: I would use volume to determine the
Use the inverse trigonometric functions and amount of paint needed.
the trigonometric ratios to find the angle.
Revision Exercise 5
Chapter 15 1. 403 m
Further Exercise 15.1 2. (a) 18 cm
1. (a) 13 cm (b) No, D𝐴𝐵𝐶 is not a right-angled
(b) 103 cm2 triangle.
2. (a) 4√6 cm 3. 69 cm
(b) 16√6 cm2 4. 27.8 m
3. Perimeter » 38.8 cm, 5. 𝑥 = 6, 𝑦 = 36.9°
area = 16 cm2 6. (a) 65.0°
4. 25% increase (b) 2.80 m
7. 88.0 cm
Further Exercise 15.2 8. (a) 130°
1. Perimeter » 460 m, area » 12 250 m2 (b) 145°
2. Perimeter » 64.3 cm, area » 69.5 cm2 9. 8.97 m
3. (a) 16.5 cm 10. 14.2 cm
(b) 35.1 cm2 11. (b) 11.6 cm2
4. (a) 8.49 cm 12. (a) (2𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3) = 49
(b) 82.2 cm2 (b) 𝑥 = −6.5 (rejected) or 𝑥 = 4
5. (a) 103.5 cm (c) 10 cm
(b) 245.4 cm2 13. 𝜃 = 120°
6. (a) 50.3 cm 14. (b) 9000 cm2
(b) 39.1 cm (c) 80
(c) 56.5 cm 15. (a) Design A will be more profitable for
the company.
Further Exercise 15.3 (b) $81
1. (a) 20 cm
(c) 252 cm2 Chapter 16
2. 268.1 cm3 Further Exercise 16.1
3. Total surface area = 14 500 cm2, 1. (a) Draw any two isosceles triangles with
volume = 138 000 cm3 different interior angles.
4. (a) 360 cm3 (b) Draw any two circles with different
(b) 328 cm2 radii.
5. (a) 219 cm2 (c) Example: Draw a rectangle and a
(b) 7.75 cm square with the same area.
(c) 288 cm3 (d) Example: Draw a rectangle and a
6. 4.58 cm square with the same perimeter.
2. n = 34
Chapter Opener Revisit 3. (a) 5 cm
(a) 2500 m3 of water is needed to fill the (b) x = 117, y = 225
pool. 4. (a) Quadrilateral ABCD º Quadrilateral
(b) 1250 m3 more water is needed to fill EFDC
the pool as compared to an Olympic (b) x = 80, y = 106
swimming pool.
Further Exercise 16.2
1. x = 6
2. x = 7

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3. x = 4, y = 1.8, z = 134 Chapter 17

4. (a) DGAB / DCEF / DCDB Further Exercise 17.1
(b) 6 cm 1. (a) (i) A(2, –2)
(c) 14 cm (ii) B(–2, 1)
5. (a) They are similar because they have (iii) C(2, 4)
two equal corresponding angles. (b) The x-coordinate of points A and C
(b) CE = 9 cm, DE = 12 cm are the same. Thus, AC is a vertical
6. Using the properties of similar triangles. line segment.
Height of tower = 387 m (c) Rhombus
2. (b) Isosceles triangle
Further Exercise 16.3 (c) Midpoint of AB = (–1, 0.5)
!(
1. Midpoint of AC = (0, 0)
)"
!( Midpoint of BC = (–0.5, –1)
2. (d) –1 and 0
&%
3. (a) DAEB is similar to DDEC because
they have two equal Further Exercise 17.2
)
corresponding angles. 1. (a)
&
(b) 75 cm2 $
4. (a) 6 cm (b) > , 0?
!
(b) 128 cm2 (c) (0, 11)
%
5. (a) 2. (a) 1
&%
% (b) k = 6
(b)
*+ (c) (15, 0)
$(
3. k= !
Further Exercise 16.4
1. (a) 3.125 cm 4. a = 1 or –6
(b) 19.5 cm2
2. x = 4802 Further Exercise 17.3
$ (
3. (a) 3 : 2 1. (a) y = – x –
! !
(b) 2 : 3 ( (
(b) >− , − ?
(c) 1134 cm3 ! &
2. y = –2x – 3
) $
Chapter Opener Revisit 3. (a) y=–&x–!
Answers vary. Sample: The proposal is feasible
(b) a = –7
when the outline of the four divided lands suits (
the facilities of the resort. 4. (a)
&
'
(b) >− , 8?
Fun with Maths! (
:J :L , $ (
Let = = , where n > m. 5. y=!x+!
:K :M =
:J :J , :J , $
= :J6JK = = Þ JK = =#, 6. (a) −!
:K
:L :L , :L , $
:M
= :L6LM = = Þ :L = =#, (b) y = – x + 11
!
:J :L ,
Hence
JK
= KM = =#,.
Further Exercise 17.4
! &
1. (a) y = – x –
) )
(b) Line 𝑙)
! $
(c) y=–)x+)

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 Answers

2. (a) 0 Fun with Maths!

(b) Since CF∥ DE and CD∥ EF, (a) 0 ≤ a ≤ 8 and 0 ≤ b ≤ 8
quadrilateral CDEF is a parallelogram. (b) b = √64 − 𝑎!
(c) Equation of CF : y = –3x – 3 (c) No, the centre of the ladder does
Equation of DE : y = –3x + 15 not lie on a straight line.
* *
3. (a) B>− & , 0?, C>0, !?
Chapter 18
(b) y = 2x – 2
* ) Further Exercise 18.1
(c) > , ? 1. (a) $0.67/kg
& !
! (b) $60/kg
4. (a)
) (c) (i) When the demand for rice is
$
(b) >−1, − ? between 0 kg to 120 kg per 100
)
! people, the price increases at a
(c) y=)x+7
rate of $0.67 per kg.
5. Trapezium (ii) The initial cost of rice
production is $20 per kg.
Further Exercise 17.5 (d) $80/kg
!
1. (b) 𝑐 (e) A possible reason is that more
)
2. a = 1, b = –1 farmers started to produce rice,
3. If P lies on the line x = 2, the coordinates of increasing the supply faster than the
P are in the form (2, k). demand. This results in a drop in
Gradient of AP = k price of rice.
/ 2. (a) AUD 1 = SGD 1.05
Gradient of BP = )
(c) AUD 285.71
If 𝐴𝑃 and 𝐵𝑃 are perpendicular, (d) SGD 285
/
k × ) = –1. Since there are no real values of (e) SGD 30
k that satisfies the equation, we cannot
find such a point P. Further Exercise 18.2
4. –m2p 1. (a) 08 50
(b) 09 40
Further Exercise 17.6 (c) 30 km/h
1. (a) AB = √34 units, AC = √18 units, 2. (a) No
BC = √40 units (b) 8.70 km/h
(b) Angle 𝐴 (c) 10 24
2. a = –2 or 6 (d) 10 42
(e) A: 10 km/h, B: 8 km/h
Further Exercise 17.7 3. (a) 140 km
) $% (b) (i) 12:18 pm, 76 km
1. (a) y = x +
! ! (ii) 32 km
2. (a) Yes, P lies on line 𝐿$ . 1
(c) 1 km/min or 80 km/h
(b) (3, 0) 3
$! 4. (a) 20 m
(c) a =
( (b) 1.25 m/s
$
3. (a) >0, !? (c) Speed for the first 4 s = 1.5 m/s,
! $ speed for the last 2 s = 5 m/s
(b) y = x + 5. (b) (i) 10 03 (± 5 mins)
( !
( (ii) 8.5 km
(c)
!
(d) √29 units
Further Exercise 18.3
1. (a) T = 40
Chapter Opener Revisit
(b) 1080 m
Coordinates of C are (1.5, 3.75). (c) 12 s

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2. (a) 1.5 m/s2 7. (a) x = 4, y = –1

(b) 300 m (
(b) y = – x + 9
!
(c) k = 40
! 8. (a) √13 units
3. (b) 21) m/s
(b) (2, 3)
(
(c) u = 50$! (c) (4, 0)
4. (b) 4 m/s 9. (a) $1.60
(d) 24 m/s (b) C = 100 + 0.06N
(e) 22217.14 km/h2 (d) 24
5. (a) 3 m/s2 10. (a) 20 min
(b) 195 m (c) 40 km/h
(c) From t = 0 s to t = 5 s: 11. (a) 55 km
acceleration = 3 m/s2 (b) The two cyclists meet at 09 45, 30 km
From t = 5 s to t = 10 s: from Point Y.
acceleration = 0 m/s2 (c) Cyclist A’s fastest speed is 14 km/h
From t = 10 s to t = 12 s: from 08 00 to 10 30.
!
deceleration = 3 m/s2 Cyclist B’s fastest speed is 26 ) km/h
From t = 12 s to t = 17 s: from 08 00 to 08 45.
acceleration = 0 m/s2 $
(d) 9 " km/h
From t = 17 s to t = 20 s:
acceleration = 7 m/s2 12. (a) 4 m/s2
(b) The lorry decelerates at 1 m/s2 for
Chapter Opener Revisit 10 s < t < 20 s.
Cost of solar energy for 20kWh of energy (c) 16.9 m/s
consumption = $2 13. (a) 1.5 m/s2
The cost per kWh for solar energy is higher than (b) (ii) 1050 m
the cost per kWh for wind energy. (iii) 16 s
14. (a) 25 s
Fun with Maths! (b) 55 s
5
See worked solutions. (c) 15 9 m/s
15. (a) The runner accelerates uniformly at
(
Revision Exercise 6 m/s2 from rest until he reaches a
"
1. (a) 49π cm2 speed of 10 m/s in 12 s.
(b) 14π cm He runs at this constant speed for
!
2. (a) 2 cm2 another 16 s. He then accelerates
)
! $
(b) 16 cm2 uniformly at ! m/s2 until he reaches a
)
3. (a) Angle AGE = angle DGC since they speed of 14 m/s at 36 s.
are vertically opposite angles. (b) 33.75 m
$
Angle GAE = angle GDC since DAEF is (d)
&
(t + 12)(t – 28) m
congruent to DDBE.
Hence DAEG is similar to DDCG by Chapter 19
AAA test.
! Further Exercise 19.1
(b) (i) 1 cm 1. (a) –5
)
)(
4. (a) A (0, 4), B (2, 0), C (–1, 6) (b) k =
'
(b) y = –2x + 4 2. (a) x ³ 0
$
5. (a) (b) k = 16
&
$ $( (c) f(4x) = 2√x
(b) y =&x+ ! 3. x = 0 or x = 9
(c) 8√2 units ) $
4. x = or x = −
! !
(d) (14, 7)
6. D (–3, 4)

Answers © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 17

 Answers

5. (a) x = 2 or x = –2 (b) hf(x) = (ax + b + e)2 + m

(b) 1 – 2(x + 1)2 fh(x) = a(x + e)2 + am + b
$
(c) k = − The composite functions are not the same
!
type of function as f(x), but they are the
Further Exercise 19.2 same type of function as h(x), which is a
-#$ -1 )-6" quadratic function.
1. (a) f–1(x) =
!
, g (x) = - , x ¹ 0 (c) ph(x) = k[(x + e)2 + m]2
2. x = –12 hp(x) = (kx2 + e)2 + m
"
3. (a) f–1(x) = ,x¹5 No, the composite functions are not the
(#-
(b) x = 2 or x = 3 same type of functions as the individual
$ functions. They are polynomial functions
4. (a) k = −
! with degree 4.
-6$
(b) g–1(x) = −
!-
,x¹0
4
5. 𝑥= $#3
, a ¹ 0, 1 Chapter 20
Further Exercise 20.1
$ )
Further Exercise 19.3 1. (a) y > – x + 111, y ≤ – x +6
' &
1. (a) 1 !
(b) 11
(b) x = –1 or x = –3 !!
2. (a) gf(x) = (4 – 2x) 2 + 3 2. (a) y ≥ 0, x < 6, 4y < 3x
Since (4 – 2x) 2 ≥ 0 for all x, hence (b) 12
$
gf(x) ³ 3 for all real x. 4. (a) x + y < 6, y ≥ x, x > 1 1
!
(b) x = 3 or x = –2 (b) (iv) 4
(c) p = 16, q = 67
)
3. (b) k = Further Exercise 20.2
!
!-#) 1. (a) (i) x = –0.25 and x = –8.25
(c) ff(x) = (#!-
(ii) x = 1.5 and x = 6.5
$
(d) −) (b) x2 – 6x – 10 = 0
(e) x=2 (c) (4, 18)
4. (a) g(x) = x + 3 2. (a) a = –6, b = –1
(b) g(x) = 3x + 14 (c) x = –0.2 and x = 6.2
5. (a) g2(x) = 9x + 8 (d) Minimum value of y = –10 when
$ x = 3.
(c)
!+ (e) x = 1.4 and x = 5.6
3. (b) p = 3600, q = 6000
Chapter Opener Revisit (d) 3750 m2
Use the composite function NT(t) to find the (e) x = 32 and x = 188
number of bacteria on the meat if the meat has (f) 6050 m2
been left outside the refrigerator for t = 5 (g) x = 64 and x = 156
minutes. 4. (b) 20 m
Number of bacteria at t = 5 is NT(5) = 1435. (c) (i) 26.25 m
(ii) 7.6 m
Fun with Maths! (iii) 3.6 m
(a) fg(x) = acx + ad + b (d) d = 6.4
gf(x) = acx + bc + d (e) a = 5, b = 20
Yes, the composite functions are the same
type of functions as the individual Further Exercise 20.3
functions. They are linear functions but 1. (a) a = –2.3, b = –2.7
they are not equal. (d) 2.2
2. (a) a = 0.33, b = –0.5
(c) x = 2.8 and x = 7.2
(d) x = 2.6 and x = 5.6

18 Answers © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd

 Answers

$ $ Further Exercise 20.5

3. (a) a = – !, n = –2 or a = – &, 𝑛 = −3
1. (a) (i) p = 18
(b) −2√2
(iii) 20.8
4. (a) a = 0, 𝑏 = 2, 𝑐 = 1.5
(b) (i) q = 5.7
(c) When the value of 𝑡 approaches 0,
! $
(c) x = 1.2 and x = 3.3
the value >2 − ? tends to −¥, (d) 0.1 < x < 3.5
√> √>
thus 𝑡 = 0 is a vertical asymptote. 2. (a)
(d) (1, 2) x –2 –1 –0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
& !
(e) − > – mt = 0 y 2.94 2.83 2.71 2.50 2.13 1.50 0.40 –1.50 –4.79
√>
& ! (c) y-intercept: y = 2.5
− > = mt
√>
Asymptote: y = 3
The line y = mt passes through the
(d) x = –0.8 and x = 1.4
origin and it can intersect the curve
(e) 1 solution
at 0, 1 or 2 points. It is not true that
& ! 3. (a) (i)
the equation − > – mt = 0 always x –0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
√>
has two roots. y 3.5 1.0 –0.1 –0.6 –0.8 –0.92 –1.0 –0.98
(b) y = –1
Further Exercise 20.4
(c) x = 0.5
1. (a) a = 10, b = 40
(d) m<0
(c) x = 3.5
(e) k = –1
(d) (ii) 1.6 ≤ x ≤ 4.4
(f) 2 real roots
2. (a) p = 0, q = 0
4. (a) k = 10
(c) (i) x = 4.7
(b) n = 0.25
(ii) x = –0.8 and x = 0.9
(c)
(e) x = 0
t 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13
3. (a) f = 45, g = 175
(c) x = 3.5 y 10 8.4 5.9 4.2 3.0 2.1 1.5 1.1
(d) x = 4.0 (e) 1.2 g
4. (a) For y = –2x3 + x +1:
maximum point = (0.4, 1.3) Further Exercise 20.6
minimum point = (−0.4, 7) 1. (b) x = 1.5
For y = x3 – 3x2 + 2x: (c) y=
!(
x
maximum point = (0.4, 0.4) )

minimum point = (1.6, −0.4) 2. (a) P(0, 12), Q(3, 0), R(4, 0)
(b) When the product of the (b) (3.5, −0.25)
y-coordinates of the turning points 4. (a) n = –2
is positive, the curve has one x- 5. (a) a = 3, k = –2
intercept. (b) (i) y = 0
When the product of the (ii) y = 1
y-coordinates of the turning points 6. (a) (0, 0), (√3, 0), (−√3, 0)
is negative, the curve has three x- (c) −2 < k < 2
intercepts.
(c) k > 1.3, 0.4 < k < 0.7 or k < –0.24 Chapter Opener Revisit
(d) x3 – 3x2 + 2x = 0 Some possible observable characteristics of the
x (x2 – 3x + 2) = 0 curve are:
The graph y = x3 – 3x2 + 2x has • it has a maximum point;
three x-intercepts at x = 0, x = 1 • it has a vertical line of symmetry;
and 𝑥 = 2. Since x = 0 is a root for passing through the maximum point,
x (x2 – 3x + 2) = 0, the other roots of • it has two points on the ground. Thus,
x3 – 3x2 + 2x = 0 is x = 1 and x = 2. it has two points of intersection with
(e) x = 1 the x-axis.

Answers © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 19

 Answers

Fun with Maths! Revision Exercise 7

(a) (i) 10 units 1. (a) 12
(ii) 10 units (b) -6
(iii) The length of FB is the same as the (c) g–1(x) = 10 – x
length of BC. (d) ff(x) = 4x – 24
(b) PF = (b + 1)2 units, PD = (b + 1) units (e) k=3
The distance PF and PD are the same. (f) x = 16
(c) The respective ‘mirror’ lines are 2. (a) ff(x) = 2 + (2 + x2)2
perpendicular to the parabola at points P Since x2 ≥ 0, 2 +x2 ≥ 2 for all real
and B. Since the dotted line is a tangent to values of x. Thus, 2 + (2 +x2)2 ≥ 22 + 2
the parabola at P and B, they are = 6. Hence, ff(x) ≥ 6 for all real values
perpendicular to the ‘mirror’ lines. of x.
(b) g(1 – x) = 1 + 2x, x = 1
Chapter 21 (c) 3
Further Exercise 21.1 (d) 9.88
1. x = –1 or x = 15 (e) k = 3
2. y = 128 '-#$(
3. (a)
-#)
3. (a) V = 2.05T
(b) x = 5
(b) 574 cm3
4. (a) A = –3, B = 4
(d) 2.05
(b) x2 – 3x + 4
4. (a) C = 30 + 2N
5. (b)(i) x = –3, 1
(b) $40
(ii) x = 1.4
(c) Shop B
(iii) x = –1.8, 2.8
5. Shop M
6. (a) (i) c = –24
6. (a) T = 6.3L
(ii) b = –2
(b) g = 0.995
(b) x = 1
(c) 252 s )
7. (a) m = , c = –6
&
Further Exercise 21.2 (b) 10 units
1. x = 4.0625 (c) 0.5
2. (a) A = LB (d) x = 3.75
(b) L = √2𝐴 9. (a)
&%++ x 1 1 1
3. (a) h = " 0 1 1 2 2 3 4
<
(hours) 2 2 2
y (°C) 100 65.8 46 34.6 28 24.2 22 20
(b) r = 9.9 cm
4. y = –10.5 (i) x = 1.25
(c)
(ii) 0.55
Chapter Opener Revisit (d) (1.25, 40)
10. (a)
10 workers can build 2 houses in 125 days.
t 0 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
10 workers would take 625 days to build
d 1 5.1 7.7 10.8 14.5 18.7 23.4 28.6 34.3
10 houses.
"!( (c) 2.6 minutes
x workers would take - days to build a house.
(d) 6.86 m/min
The company would need to hire 7 workers
11. (a) p = –0.5 and q = 1
if the company wants to build the house in
(c) x = 1.7
90 days.
12. (a) a = 1.8
$
Fun with Maths! (d) Equating y = − 𝑥 + 2 and
!
(a) Bob 10y – 15x + x3 and simplifying it
(c) Alice’s speed = 0.314 m/s results in x3 – 20x + 20 = 0. So, the
Bob’s speed = 2.827 m/s solution to this equation is the same
Hence Bob’s speed is faster than Alice’s as finding the points of
speed. intersection of the first two graphs.
(e) 1.05 < x < 3.9, x = –0.7 and 4.2

20 Answers © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd

 Answers

14. (a) d is directly proportional to t. As d (b) n(𝐴) = 3

increases, t also increases linearly. n(𝐵) = 6
(b) d = 31t 2. (a) No, 15 is not a prime number.
(c) It represents the distance travelled (b) (3, 11) and (3, 13)
per hour by the train/the train is 3. (a) Finite
travelling at a constant speed of 31 (b) Infinite
km/h. (c) Finite
(d) 6 h (d) Infinite
!(! $)
15. B = , A = 3969 4. (a) Yes. 3.25 = , it can be expressed in
√: &
R
16. (a) R=
!& the form S where 𝑄 ≠ 0.
Q
(b) I = 6 A (b) No. p cannot be expressed in the
R
form where 𝑄 ≠ 0.
S
!
Chapter 22 (c) Yes. 0.6̇ = ) , it can be expressed in
Further Exercise 22.1 R
the form S where 𝑄 ≠ 0.
1. (a) 6.87
(b) 6 5. (a) True
(c) 5 (b) False
2. (a) 1.875 (c) True
(b) 2 6. (a) ∉
(c) 1 (b) ∉
3. (a) 86.5 km/h 7. (a) 𝐻 is a null set. There are no values of
(b) 80.5 km/h 𝑘 where it is a natural number and
(c) 80 km/h satisfies 2𝑘 = 5.
(d) 65 km/h (b) n(𝐻) = 0
4. (a) n = 8 8. They are not equal sets since 𝑇 = {5} and 𝑈
(b) 5 = {5, –5}.
(c) 23
(d) 3 Further Exercise 23.2
1. (a) Answers vary. Example: triangle with
Further Exercise 22.2 angles 30°, 45° and 105°.
1. (a) $21 per hour 2. (b) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {6}
(b) 10 < W ≤ 20 (c) n(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵) = 2
2. 34.9 m 3. (a) (i) 10
3. (a) 65.75 kg (ii) 38
(b) 60 < m ≤ 70 (b) 𝑆 ∩ 𝐷′
4. $18.20 4. 𝑇 ⊆ 𝐶
5. (a) (i) {4, 6}
Chapter Opener Revisit (ii) {0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
Average score = 9.4 points (iii) {0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10}
(b) (i) 5
Fun with Maths! (ii) 5
(a) 3 (iii) 0
(b) 0 or 6 6. (a) 𝑋′ ∪ 𝑌
(c) 27 (b) 𝑋′ ∩ 𝑌
(d) 195
(e) –12 7. (a) (i) 𝐶∩𝐺 =∅
(ii) 𝐶⊆𝑀
Chapter 23 (b) (i) Students who study Geography
Further Exercise 23.1 but not Mathematics.
1. (a) (i) 𝐴 = {0, 2, 4} (ii) Students who study
(ii) 𝐵 = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36} Mathematics but not
Geography and Chemistry.

Answers © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 21

 Answers

Chapter Opener Revisit $

2. (a)
(!
Three types of devices are used in the
$$
home-based learning – laptops, smartphones (b)
$)
and tablets.
)!#-
Define the three sets and the universal set: 3. (a)
(+
𝜉 = {students who participated in the survey}
𝐿 = {students who used laptops} (b) x = 12
𝑆 = {students who used smartphones} 4. (a)
$
𝑇 = {students who used tablets} !(+

Relate the sets by drawing a Venn diagram. (b) 133

Fill in each subset with the number of students. $))
164 students participated in the survey. (c)
!(+

5. (a)
Fun with Maths!
30 = 2 ´ 3 ´ 5
F30 = {2a, 3a, 5a}
F42 = {2a, 3a, 7a}
F252 = {2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 7a} (
(b)(i)
$'
The HCF and LCM of 42 and 252 are 42 and 252 *
respectively. (ii)
%
$
6. (a)
Chapter 24 &
Further Exercise 24.1 )
$
(b)
&
1. (a)
"
$ (c) The answer in part (a) would be P(C)
(b) $
)
= ), and the answer in part (b) would
(c) 20 times !
* be P(C’) = ).
2. (a)
$+
(b) 168 (d) 10
(c) The probability of getting a tail is
higher than getting a head. Chapter Opener Revisit
3. (a)
&) Answers vary. Example: To predict the
$++
&)
winner of a match, I can look at the player’s
(b) win or loss streak for the year. If they have
$++
(c) 4200 more wins than losses, the probability that
4. (a) 280 they will win a match is higher.
)
(b)
!(
Fun with Maths!
(c) 4000 ! ! !
(d) The number of darts landing in No. The probability is " × # × 1 = $.
region D will increase while the
number of darts landing outside the Revision Exercise 8
dart board will decrease. The number
1. (a) $10
of darts landing in regions A, B and C
(b) $10
will remain the same.
(c) $10.83
(d) 13.18
Further Exercise 24.2
$ 2. 𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 8
1. (a) 3. (a) 25
"
$ (b) 41 km
(b) (c) 41.88 km
!
(d) 45 km
4. 100

22 Answers © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd

 Answers

5. (a) 2< 𝑛 ≤4 4. (a) 14.3 cm

(b) 4.3 (b) 17.4 cm
(c) $25.60 (c) 20 cm
6. (b) (i) {3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15} 5. 66.3 cm2
(ii) {8, 12} 6. (a) 10 cm
(c) 7 (b) 11.5 cm
7. (b) 𝑅T = {12, 13, 14 ,15, 20, 21} 7. (a) Isosceles triangle
(c) n[(𝑃 ∪ 𝑄)T ∩ 𝑅] = 1 (b) 54°
(d) 13 (c) 13.6 cm
8. (a) 𝑥 = 27
(b) 𝑦 = 40 Further Exercise 25.2
(c) 𝑧 = 17 1. (a) 57°
(d) 131 (b) Yes, angle TSQ = 90°.
9. (a) 𝐹 is an infinite set. There is an infinite (angle in semicircle)
number of elements in 𝐹. (c) 35°
(b) 𝑎 = –1, 𝑏 = 5 2. (a) 64°
(c) (i) 𝑚 = 2 (b) 116°
(ii) If 𝑐 = 5, 𝐹 ∩ 𝐺 ≠ ∅. 3. (a) 18°
(iii) Any real value of 𝑐 ¹ 5 (b) 54°
10. (a) 𝐹$! = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12} (c) 54°
(b) (i) n(𝐹&+ ) = 8 4. (a) 23°
(ii) n(𝐹)" ) = 9 (b) 44°
(c) 𝑘=1 (c) 46°
(d) (i) prime number
5. (a) 120°
(ii) square of a prime number
(b) 72°
(e) Possible values of 𝑝 = 1, 2, 3, 6 or 9
$$
(c) 24°
11. (a) (i) (d) 12°
&)
( 6. (a) (i) 40°
(ii)
&)
$$
(ii) 32°
(b) (i) (iii) 18°
&)
(ii)
(
(b) No, angle LKJ ¹ angle JLK
&)
7. (a) (i) p
12. 𝑥 = 2
(ii) (156 – p)°
13. (a) 0
$ (iii) (150 – p)°
(b) (b) p = 63
!
)
(c)
&
14. (a) 22
!) Chapter Opener Revisit
(b) (i) The archeologist may work out the diameter in
$++
$) the following steps:
(ii)
(+
)*
Step 1 : Measure the width from one end of the
(iii) plate to another.
(+
Step 2: Find its midpoint.
Chapter 25 Step 3: Find the shortest distance from the
Further Exercise 25.1 midpoint to the edge of the plate.
1. (a) a = 62 Step 4: Use the measurements in the above
(b) b = 28 steps to estimate the diameter of the plate.
(c) c = 34
2. (a) 60°
(b) 60°
3. 4.6125 cm

Answers © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 23

 Answers

Fun with Maths!

Some of the different methods include: 5. (a) 130°
- Folding the paper to find a line of symmetry (b) 145°
- Using any two chords of the circle (c) 193°
- Using equal chords of the circle 6. (a) 125.7 m
- Using two tangents to the circle (b) 072.1°
(c) 133°
Chapter 26 (d) 8.1°
Further Exercise 26.1 (e) 25.0°
1. –0.410 7. (a) (i) 340°
√) (ii) 70°
2. (a)
!
$ (iii) 309 m
(b) − (iv) 18.5°
√!
& (v) 27 100 m2
3. (a)
(
)
(b) (i) 169 m
(b) − (ii) 11.7°
(
&
(c) −)
&+
Further Exercise 26.4
4. (a) 1. (a) 14.1 cm
&$
% (b) 24.5 cm
(b) −
&$ (c) 28.3 cm
5. (a) 0.414 2. (a) AC = 10 cm, VX = 12 cm
(b) –0.910 (b) 45.2°
6. –0.514 (c) 17.2°
3. (a) 18.8 m
Further Exercise 26.2 (b) 9.43 m
1. (a) 45°, 135° (c) 17.7 m
(b) 131.8°, 228.2° (d) 81.4°
(c) 36.9°, 143.1° (e) 82.6 m2
(d) 45°, 135°, 225°, 315° 4. (a) 115 m
(e) 45°, 315° (b) 35.3°
(f) 30°, 150°, 210°, 330° (c) 3850 m2
2. (a) 64.6°, 295.4°
(b) 19.5°, 160.5° Chapter Opener Revisit
(c) 49.5°, 130.5°, 229.5°, 310.5° The slant height is about 220 m and its total
3. (a) 270° surface area is about 86 400 m2.
(b) 120°, 240°
(c) 90° Fun with Maths!
4. (a) 27.3°, 332.7° (a) The minimum distance is 32.2 m.
(b) 95.7°, 264.3° (b) No. The customers have to be able to see
the top of the screen and not just the
Further Exercise 26.3 bottom, so the actual angle of extension
1. (a) 11.0 m would be larger, meaning that customers
(b) 23.0 m have to tilt their heads upwards beyond
2. x = 5.97 25° to see the whole screen. Hence the
3. (b) x = 2.61 method in (a) is not an accurate method
(c) 0.577 cm as it underestimates the actual angle of
4. (a) 23.4 m extension as it only considers that the
(b) 59.9° customer only views the bottom of the
(c) 362 m2 screen.

24 Answers © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd

 Answers

Chapter 27 Fun With Maths!

Further Exercise 27.1 (a) 2 km/min or 120 km/h
1. (0.15, 6.1) and (2.5, -0.9) (b) The tangent at (25, 25) is parallel to OA.
2. (a) 1.92 (Accept answers ± 0.1) (c) Yes. The car exceeds the speed limit
5
(b) 1.2 (Accept answers ± 0.2) from time 20 minutes.
3
3. 1.4
4. -2.8, 2.8 Revision Exercise 9
5. (a) 2
1. (a) 54°
(b) 1 unit2
(b) 36°
Further Exercise 27.2 (c) 63°
$ (d) 27°
1. (a) p = , q = 2
& 2. (a) (i) 38°
(
(b) p = , q = 3 (ii) 56°
)
$ (iii) 112°
(c) p = − &, q = 4
(iv) 56°
)
(d) p = , q = 5 (b) P lies inside the circle. AC is the
(
$ diameter. The largest angle
2. a=! subtended by the diameter on the
3. a = 2, b = -4 circle is 90°. Any angle subtended by
4. (b) 3x2 – 3xh + h2 the diameter outside the circle is
(c) f’(x) = 3x2 always acute. Since angle APC is
5. y = 11x – 15, y = 11x + 17 obtuse, P lies inside the circle.
6. (0.5, –5) 3. (a) 72°
(b) 10.0 cm
Further Exercise 27.3 4. (a) 62°
1. (a) 2ax + b (b) 62°
4
(b) x = – (c) 56°
!3
4 (d) 66°
(c) If a > 0, f‘(x) < 0 to the left of x = – !3
5. (a) (i) 30°
4
and f’(x) > 0 to the right of x = – !3. (ii) 60°
So, it is a minimum. If a < 0, f’(x) > 0 (b) Yes. Angle RPT = 60°, TPQ = 90°.
4 Angle subtended by the diameter on
to the left of – !3 and f’(x) < 0 to the
the circle is 90°.
4
right of – !3. So, it is a maximum. (c) Yes. Angle XPT = 60°. Since XT = XP =
! #$# XQ, X is the midpoint of QT. Given QT
2. Minimum at !– , $ and (4, –93), is a diameter of the circle, X is the
" %$&
maximum at (0, 3). centre of the circle.
! ! 6. 1.12
3. m by m by 13 m (
) ) 7. − $)
4. 22.5 hours
5. (b) 2.5 km by 2.5 km 8. (a) 5.04 cm
6. (b) 2 m by 2 m by 2 m (b) 19.0 cm2
9. (a) 0.5 (Accept answers ± 0.1)
Chapter Opener Revisit 10. 3.125 units2
With reference to Review Question 5 in the 11. (2, -12), (-2, 16)
Student’s Book, the maximum height of an 12. (a) 2x – 1
U" (b) 5
object tossed upwards at v m/s is m.
!+ (c) (3, 10)
U"
Equating !+ = 6, v » 11 m/s.

Answers © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 25

 Answers

VW V" W (c) Median = 450 kg;

13. (a)
V-
= 30t – 3t2, V- " = 30 – 6t
Lower quartile = 410 kg;
(b) t = 2
Upper quartile = 510 kg;
(0, 30) is a minimum point and
(d) 0.48
(10, 530) is a maximum point.
6. (b) Median age of Town A = 54
Chapter 28 Median age of Town B = 48
Further Exercise 28.1 (c) Since the interquartile range is
1. (a) Median = 7; similar (28 compared to 30), the
Lower quartile = 2; spread of the lifespan of the
Upper quartile = 12; residents in both towns
Interquartile range = 10 is almost equal.
(b) Median = 29;
Lower quartile = 24; Chapter Opener Revisit
Upper quartile = 37; The median time spent in the mall by
Interquartile range = 13 customers. The longer the time that customers
(c) Median = 60; spend in a mall, the better to open a shop in
Lower quartile = 31; the mall.
Upper quartile = 79;
Interquartile range = 48 Fun with Maths!
2. (a) 6 Compare the cumulative frequency curves of
(b) 3 the two groups and interpreting each graph by
(c) 25% finding its median, lower quartile, upper
3. (a) 36.3 °C quartile, and interquartile range.
(b) 40th percentile = 36.2 °C
80th percentile = 36.64 °C
Chapter 29
(c) 12%
Further Exercise 29.1
4. (a) Simon = $460; Jeremy = $550 $
(b) Both Simon and Jeremy received the 1. (a)
&
bonus in the past month. (b)
$
(c) Jeremy was the better (
!
salesperson. The median sales of (c)
(
Jeremy was higher than the $
2. (a)
median sales of Simon. Jeremy’s (
*
cumulative frequency diagram is (b)
!(
shifted more to the right, which
3. x = 28, y = 45
shows that Jeremy generally
achieved higher sales.
Further Exercise 29.2
5. (a) (
1. (b) (i)
Cumulative $'
Mass (kg) Frequency $
Frequency (ii)
"
m ≤ 300 0 0 &
(iii)
m ≤ 350 2 2 %
!
m ≤ 400 8 10 2. (a)
(
m ≤ 450 14 24 $
(b)
m ≤ 500 10 34 "
*
m ≤ 550 7 41 (c)
$(
m ≤ 600 4 45 3. (b) It represents the prime numbers that
m ≤ 650 3 48 are not a multiple of 3.
m ≤ 700 2 50 )
(c) (i)
$+
(ii) 0
$
(iii)
!+

26 Answers © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd

 Answers

Further Exercise 29.3 (c) 48.5 g

1. (a) 0.24 (d) The curve will be gentler and shifted
(b) 0.72 more to the left.
2. (b) (i) 0.07875 3. (a)
(ii) 0.92125 Die 1
$ ! ÷ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3. (a) p = (, q = % 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
$* 2 2 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
(b)
&( 3 3 1.5 1 1.3 1.7 2 2.3 2.7

Die 2
4 4 2 1.3 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2
Further Exercise 29.4 5 5 2.5 1.7 1.25 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
" 6 6 3 2 1.5 1.2 1 1.2 1.3
1. (a)
!( 7 7 3.5 2.3 1.75 1.4 1.2 1 1.1
) 8 8 4 2.7 2 1.6 1.3 1.1 1
(b)
( $
% (b) (i)
2. (a) !
(++ $
% (ii)
(b) &
(+ &%
$ 4. (b)
3. (a) $&&
"& %(
$ (c)
(b) $&&
!''
)%
5. (a) x = 64
4. (a) (
$++ (b)
$ %
(b) "&
( (c)
$ $%$
5. (a) 6. (a) 0.24
!
( (b) 0.16
(b)
%
$ (c) 0
6. (a) (d) 0.40
'+
$$
(b)
$"
Chapter 30
Further Exercise 30.1
Chapter Opener Revisit
1. (a) 13
Probability of guessing the correct hand 12
! ! ! (b) Answers vary. Example: 𝐛 = > ?
twice = # × # = % −5
3 4
If I need to guess the correct hand twice in 2. (a) 𝐚 = > ?, 𝐛 = > ?
−4 3
order to win the game, I have a lower chance
6
of winning as compared to guessing the (b) ŠŠŠŠŠ⃗
𝑃𝑄 = > ?
−8
correct hand once.
−1
Proability of guessing the correct hand 3 (c) Point 𝑀 = > ?
! ! ! !
−3
times = # × # × # = & ŠŠŠŠŠ⃗
3. (a) 𝑂𝑇 = 3𝐰 − 𝐯

Fun with Maths! Further Exercise 30.2

Yes, it is to my advantage to switch my choice. 10
1. (a) > ?
2
1
Revision Exercise 10 (b) > ?
3
1. (a) 49 (c) (5, 7)
(b) 39 2. (a) 𝐜 − 𝐚
(c) 64 (b) 12
*
(d) 3. (a) 3𝐚 − 2𝐛
!+
2. (a) 55.5 g (d) ℎ = 3, 𝑘 = −1
(b) 11.5 g (e) 𝐚 and 𝐜 are parallel, and they are
in the same direction.

Answers © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 27

 Answers

0 ŠŠŠŠŠŠ⃗ = 𝐵𝐴
𝐵𝑀 ŠŠŠŠŠ⃗ + ŠŠŠŠŠŠ⃗
𝐴𝑀
4. (b) % ! '
ŠŠŠŠŠ⃗
= 𝐶𝐷 + 𝑀𝐶 ŠŠŠŠŠŠ⃗
$
= ŠŠŠŠŠŠ⃗
𝑀𝐶 + 𝐶𝐷 ŠŠŠŠŠ⃗
Further Exercise 30.3 ŠŠŠŠŠŠ⃗
= 𝑀𝐷
$
1. (a) (𝐛 − 𝐚) So, 𝑀 is also the midpoint of 𝐵𝐷.
)
$ (b) Let 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 be a quadrilateral, and 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶
(b)
! and 𝐷 be the midpoints of the sides
(c) 2√26 𝑃𝑄, 𝑄𝑅, 𝑅𝑆 and 𝑆𝑃 respectively.
2. (a)
)
𝐚 ŠŠŠŠŠ⃗ = 𝐚, 𝑄𝑅
𝑃𝑄 ŠŠŠŠŠ⃗ = 𝐛, 𝑅𝑆 ŠŠŠŠŠ⃗ = 𝐜 and ŠŠŠŠ⃗
𝑆𝑃 = 𝐝.
!
)
𝐚+𝐛+𝐜+𝐝=0
(b)
!
𝐚 − 3𝐛 𝐚 + 𝐛 = −(𝐜 + 𝐝)
(c)
)
𝐛− 𝐚
) ŠŠŠŠŠ⃗ = 𝐴𝑄
𝐴𝐵 ŠŠŠŠŠ⃗ + ŠŠŠŠŠ⃗
𝑄𝐵
! & $
$ = (𝐚 + 𝐛)
(d) !
! $
3. (a) 2𝐚 − 3𝐛 = − ! (𝐜 + 𝐝)
(b) ŠŠŠŠŠŠ⃗
𝑋𝑀 = 3𝐛 − 10𝐚 = −𝐶𝐷 ŠŠŠŠŠ⃗
ŠŠŠŠŠŠ⃗
𝑀𝑌 = (6𝑘 − 3)𝐛 − 2𝐚 = ŠŠŠŠŠ⃗
𝐷𝐶
)
(c) 𝑘 = Similarly, we can prove ŠŠŠŠŠ⃗
𝐵𝐶 = ŠŠŠŠŠ⃗
𝐴𝐷.
(
4. (a) (i) 4𝐛 − 12𝐚
(ii) 3𝐛 − 9𝐚 Chapter 31
(iii) 3𝐚 + 3𝐛 Further Exercise 31.1
(iv) 3𝐛 − 𝐚 1. (a) 𝐴𝐶 ŠŠŠŠŠ⃗ = c!d
!
(b) (i) (4 − ℎ)𝐚 + 3ℎ𝐛
2. (a) ŠŠŠŠŠŠ⃗
𝐺𝐻 = c ! d
(ii) 4(−𝐚 + 𝑘𝐛) #$
(c) ℎ = 4, 𝑘 = 3 3. (a) c!$d
(b) 𝑎 = 1, 𝑘 = −2
!
5. (a) D𝐴𝐵𝐸 is similar to D𝐶𝐷𝐸. 4. (b) c#! d
(b) (i) 5𝐛 − 5𝐚 (c) C(2, 0)
(ii)
$(
𝐚 5. (a) 𝑛 = 2, 𝑘 = 1
!
!
(b) c#*)
d
(d) (i) (c) (2, 0)
)
& (d) 𝑛 = 7, 𝑘 = −3
(ii)
%
!
6. (a) 𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = −3
(iii) (b) 𝑎 = −14, 𝑏 = −4
(
(e) 27 cm2 7. (a) (3, 7)
2 (b) (3, 7)
6. (a) > ?
−4
$ Further Exercise 31.2
(b) (ii) ℎ =
& 2. (a) x = 2
(b) 𝑦 = 1
Chapter Opener Revisit 3. (a) 𝑦 = −𝑥 − 2
5
I should hit the ball in the direction > ?. (b) 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 2
6
(c) 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 6
Fun with Maths! (d) 𝑦 = −𝑥
(a) Let the diagonals 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐵𝐷 intersect at 4. (a) (i) (7, 2)
𝐸. (ii) (7, −6)
Let 𝑀 be the midpoint of 𝐴𝐶. (b) (7, −6)
ŠŠŠŠŠŠ⃗ = 𝑀𝐶
ŠŠŠŠŠŠ⃗ . 6. 2𝑦 = 𝑥 + 4
So, 𝐴𝑀

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 Answers

Further Exercise 31.3 Fun with Maths!

2. (b) 𝐴$ (3, 0), 𝐵$ (3, 2), 𝐶$ (1, 2), 𝐷$ (1, 0) D𝑋𝑌𝑍 can be mapped onto D𝑋! 𝑌! 𝑍! by an
(c) 𝐴! (2, 5), 𝐵! (4, 5), 𝐶! (4, 3), 𝐷! (2, 3) anticlockwise rotation of 90° about 𝐶.
3. (a) (4, −2) Conclusion: Two successive reflections in two
(b) (−4, 2) lines inclined at an acute angle q, is the same as
(c) (−3, 5) a single anticlockwise rotation of 2q about the
(d) (−4, 0) point of intersection.
4. (b) 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 2
(c) (1, 2) Revision Exercise 11
5. (a) R1 is a rotation of 90° anticlockwise 1. (a) c$! d
*
about (1, 0).
(b) 10 units
(b) R2 is a rotation of 180° about (0, 1).
)
(c) R3 is a rotation of 90° clockwise about (c) k=−!
(0, 0). 2. (a) a = -4 and b = 1
(d) It is a reflection in the line 𝑦 = 1. (b) c = -1 or –3
(e) It is a translation by the vector c#! #!
d. 3. (a) (i) 2a + (k + 1)b
(ii) 4a – 3b
Further Exercise 31.4 (
(b) (i) k = −
1. (a) (i) (0, 0) !
(ii) 3 (ii) 2 : 1
(
(b) (i) (12, 0) (c) 5a – ! b
(ii) 0.5
4. (a) p
2. (b) (ii) 14 cm2
(b) 2p + q
3. (a) (1, 1)
(c) 2p – q
(b) 2 !
4. 10 cm (d) (i) (2p – q)
(
5. (a) (0, 0) &
(ii) (p + 2q)
$ (
(b) − $
!
(iii) (p + 2q)
6. (c) It is an enlargement with centre (
(−2, 3) and scale factor 2. (e) 4:1
7. (a) c#) #)
d (f) (i) 2
(b) (0, 0), −1 (ii) 4
(c) (−1, 1); −2 5. (a) An enlargement with centre O and
(d) (1, 3); −2 scale factor 0.5.
(e) 𝑦 = 1, scale factor = 2 (b) A rotation 60° clockwise about O.
6. (a) (ii) 4
Chapter Opener Revisit 7. (b) (i) 90°
'
The transformations are reflections, rotations (ii) c#& d
and translation. In each ‘rhombus’, the half-fish (c) x + y = -5
undergoes a reflection about a vertical line, a 8. (c) It is a reflection about the line y = -x.
rotation about a centre, followed by a suitable
translation.

Answers © 2023 Marshall Cavendish Education Pte Ltd 29