734 Answers

Working with unfamiliar problems: Part 1 Chapter 1

1A
1 5050
Building understanding
2 Almost 20
Answers

3 1 111 111 101 1 a 43 b 34 c 111 d 501

4 12 144 e 347 f 16 g 44 h 131
5 245 × 13 = 3185 2 a 7 b 6 c 9 d 6
6 16 3 2 13
5 10 11 8 Now you try
9 6 7 12 Example 1
4 15 14 1 a 214 b 473
10 + 11 + 6 + 7 = 34 Example 2
7 10 cm, 6.25 cm2 a 913 b 176
8 5070
9 Answers may vary. Exercise 1A
10 1058 cm2
11 70° 1 a i 119 ii 663
12 16 896 b i 239 ii 653
13 A square of side 24 cm 2 a 32 b 387 c 1143 d 55
WWUP1

14 66 e 163 f 216 g 79 h 391

15 1h i 701 j 229 k 39 l 161
3 a 174 b 431 c 10 362 d 2579
e 58 f 217 g 27 h 13 744
Working with unfamiliar problems: Part 2 i 888 j 23 021 k 75 l 9088
4 a $5 b $8 c $11
d $6 e $19 f $3
1 5 242 880 5 a 110 b 20 c 2300
2 F = 2, O = 9, U = 7, R = 0, I = 1, V = 8, N = 5, E = 4 i.e. d 1800 e 2 f 43 000
2970 + 2184 = 5154 6 678 km
5 7 22
3
16 8 Answers given from top row down and from left to right.
4 a 1868 a 7, 3, 3 b 1, 7, 8 c 2, 5, 3
b 1565 d 5, 4 e 4, 2, 8 f 0, 0, 7, 1
c 2454, 3666 9 43 marbles
d 2151, 3969 10 a 100 b 50
5 34% 11 a The sum of two 3-digit numbers cannot be bigger than
6 Side 16 cm, 8 blocks left over 1998.
7 10a − 15, 5(2a − 3) b Subtracting 32_ from 3_6 will give a maximum of
8 22.5 cm 76 (396 − 320).
9 a (1) + (3 + 5) + (7 + 9 + 11) + (13 + 15 + 17 + 19) 12 a x + y + z = z + x + y
= 13 + 23 + 33 + 43 b x−y+z=z−y+x=x+z−y
13 a The third number is always 3 and others are
b 1 = 12
(9, 3), (8, 4), (7, 5), (6, 6), (5, 7), (4, 8), (3, 9), giving
1 +3 = 22
7 combinations. A 1 has to be carried from the middle
1+3 +5 = 32
column.
1+3+5 +7 = 42
b The second number is always 7 and others are
1+3+5+7 +9 = 52
(0, 6), (1, 7), (2, 8), (3, 9), giving 4 combinations. A 1
c 28
has to be used from the left column.
d i 28 ii 1275
14 a 2
10 a 15, 17, 21, 23, 27, 29
b 19, 25, 31, 37, 43, 49 6 5
c Dominic
d Beau 8 7
e 205 numbers 1 9 4 3

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 Answers 735

b 5 totals, 17, 19, 20, 21 and 23 3 a Prime b Composite c Prime

c 17 in 2 ways, 19 in 4 ways, 20 in 6 ways, 21 in 4 ways and d Composite e Composite f Composite
23 in 2 ways g Composite h Composite
4 a True b False c False d True
1B e True f False g True h False

Answers
Building understanding Now you try
1 a 56 b 1 c 3 Example 5
2 a 99 b 42 c 72 d 132 a 40 b 14
e 32 f 63 g 11 h 11
Example 6
i 12 j 8 k 11 l 13
a 49 b 8 c 27 d 10
3 a True b True c False d True
e False f True g True h True
i True j False
Exercise 1C
1 a i 20 ii 30
Now you try b i 12 ii 3
Example 3 2 a 6 b 45 c 24
a 1200 b 728 c 208 d 8 e 50 f 36
3 a 2 b 9 c 8
Example 4
d 6 e 1 f 1
a 13 280 b 86 rem. 6
4 a 16 b 100 c 169 d 225

1A
Exercise 1B e 10 000 f 400 g 5 h 7
i 11 j 30 k 40 l 16
1 a i 600 ii 700 5 a 8 b 64 c 343 d 125
b i 273 ii 396 e 216 f 1000 g 3 h 2
c i 16 ii 18 i 5 j 8 k 9 l 100
2 a 130 b 260 c 140 d 68 6 a 24 b 105 c 5 d 4
e 17 000 f 13 600 g 413 h 714 7 4 ways
i 459 j 366 k 1008 l 5988 8 30 minutes
m 16 n 63 o 41 p 127 9 25
q 16 r 127 s 420 t 38 10 a 55 b They are square numbers.
3 a 603 b 516 c 3822 d 90 360 11 15 minutes
e 9660 f 413 090 g 34 194 h 344 223 12 The number one (1) does not have two or more factors, it just
4 a 28 rem. 1 b 30 rem. 4 c 416 rem. 7 has one factor, being itself.
d 13 rem. 0 e 13 rem. 12 f 166 rem. 8 13 All even numbers greater than 2 have 2 as a factor as well as
g 7 rem. 0 h 1054 rem. 16 1 and itself, and therefore have more than 2 factors.
5 a $15 b $70 c $400 14 All pairs of factors form groups of 2 except for the repeated
d $5 e $24 f $50 factor with a square number, e.g. 9 has 1, 3 and 9 where 3 is
6 $25 the repeated factor.
7 2358 packets 15 a False, LCM of 4 and 8 is 8 not 32.
8 option B by $88 b True c True
9 58 loads 16 a i 28 = 23 + 5 ii 62 = 43 + 19
10 Numbers are given from top down and left to right. iii 116 = 97 + 19
a 3, 6, 3 b 3, 4, 5, 7, 3, 2 b 11 and 17
c 6 d 3, 2 17 (3, 5), (5, 7), (11, 13), (17, 19), (29, 31), (41, 43),
11 a 1 b a c 0 d 25 (59, 61), (71, 73)
12 a 34 b 18 c 29 d 17
13 a 1700 b 560 c 12 000 d 300
1D
14 a 10 (8 child and 2 adult) b 15 (14 child and 1 adult)
c Take the maximum number of child tickets that leaves a Building understanding
multiple of the adult price remaining.
1 a 1, 3, 5, 15 b 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
1C c 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 40
d 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 12, 14, 21, 28, 42, 84
Building understanding 2 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29
3 a True b False c True
1 a 14 b 45 c 43 d 40
d False e True f True
2 a 6 b 3

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 736 Answers

Now you try Now you try

Example 7 Example 10
140 = 22 × 5 × 7 a –5 b 7 c –6 d –8
Example 8
Answers

Divisible by 2, 3, 6 and 9; not divisible by 4, 5 or 8. Exercise 1E

Example 9
1 a i −3 ii −4
LCM = 189, HCF = 9
b i 3 ii 4
c i −1 ii −5
Exercise 1D d i −5 ii −16
2 a 1 b 4 c 1 d 8
1 a 36 b 270
e 15 f 102 g −5 h −7
i −7 j −14 k −94 l −12
2 18 2 135 3 a −1 b −5 c −26 d −17
e −91 f −74 g −11 h −31
i −29 j −110 k −437 l −564
2 9 3 45
4 a 1 − 4 = −3 b −9 + 3 = −6
c −1 + 5 = 4 d −15 − 5 = −20
3 3 3 15
5 a 6 b −4 c −14 d 11
∴ 36 = 22 × 32
3 5 e 15 f 5 g −3 h 12
6 a −1 b 8 c −7 d −1
1D

∴ 270 = 2 × 33 × 5
7 Ground floor
2 a 22 × 5 b 22 × 7 c 23 × 5 8 a − b −, + c −, −
d 2 × 32 × 5 e 23 × 5 × 7 f 22 × 72 9 $7
g 23 × 32 × 5 h 22 × 3 × 5 × 11 10 −23°C
3 a 3 : 2, 3, 5 b 2 : 3, 7 11 a Always true b Not always true c Not always true
c 3 : 2, 3, 5 d 3 : 5, 7, 11 d Always true e Not always true f Not always true
4 a Divisible by 3 b Divisible by 2, 3, 6, 9 12 a True b False c True
c Divisible by 2, 4, 8 d Divisible by 3, 9 13 0
e Divide by 3, 5, 9 f None 14 500, pair to give 500 pairs each with a total of 1.
g 2, 3, 6 h None 15 a a = 1, b = 4 b a = −7, b = 3
5 a 5 b 3 c 2 d 7 c a = −5, b = 2 d a = −10, b = 2
6 a 60, 2 b 28, 14 c 120, 3 d 60, 3
e 140, 4 f 390, 1 g 126, 3 h 630, 21
Progress quiz
7 210 days
8 61 soldiers 1 a 33 b 42 c 358 d 392
9 a True b False, 12 c True d False, 12 2 a 323 b 37 c 543 d 2067
10 a 2 and 7 b 2 and 11 3 a 700 b 294 c 16 d 423
c 3 and 5 d 7 and 11 4 a 222 b 67 233
11 a 2 × 34 b 25 × 3 c 61 d 23 rem. 2
c 32 × 54 d 28 × 7 5 a 24 b 6
12 a i 2 ii 8 iii 11 iv 15 6 a 36 b 900 c 8 d 50
v 28 vi 39 vii 94 viii 820 7 a 8 b 1 000 000
b i 5 ii 5 iii Result is 0 c 3 d 5
c Result is 11 8 23 × 32 × 5
d i 11 ii 11 iii 0 iv 0 9 Divisible by: 2 (last digit 6 is even); 3 (1 + 2 + 6 = 9 which is
e The difference between the sum of the alternating digits is divisible by 3); 6 (divisible by both 2 and 3); 9 (1 + 2 + 6 = 9
0 or a multiple of 11. which is divisible by 9)
Not divisible by: 4 (26 not divisible by 4); 5 (last digit not 0 or
1E 5); 8 (last 3 digits not divisible by 8)
10 a HCF = 6; LCM = 126
Building understanding b HCF = 15; LCM = 630
11 a 14 b −17 c −74
1 a > b < c < d >
e > f < g > h < d −452 e −13 f −70
2 a −1, 2 b −1, − 4 c − 4, −2 d 0, −10 12 a Each team has 18 students
b 9 teams with green uniform; 6 teams with red uniform;
3 a −2°C b −1°C c −9°C d 3°C
8 teams with blue uniform

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 Answers 737

1F 1G
Building understanding Building understanding
1 a 6 b −38 c −88 d 349 1 a
□ △ □ ×△

Answers
2 a subtract b add
3 a False b True c True 3 5 15
d False e True f False 2 5 10
g False h True i False 5 5
1
0 5 0
Now you try
–1 5 –5
Example 11 –2 5 –10
a 2 b −6 c 8 d −3
–3 5 –15

b
Exercise 1F □ △ □ ×△
1 a i 3 ii 6 3 –5 –15
b i −4 ii −18 2 –5 –10
c i 8 ii 23 1 –5 −5
d i −6 ii −7
0 –5 0
2 a 4 b 3 c −5 d 15

1F
e −2 f −14 g −9 h −21 −1 –5 5
i −38 j −86 k −105 l −259 −2 –5 10
3 a 5 b 8 c 21 d 38
−3 –5 15
e 72 f 467 g −2 h 2
i 3 j 32 k −57 l 76
4 a −3 b −6 c 1 d 10 2 a 15, 3 b −15, −3 c −15, −3 d 15, −3
e 2 f −14 g −2 h −4 3 a True b False c True
i −30 j −5 k −6 l 65 d True e False
5 a b 2
−3
Now you try
2 1 −2 −3
Example 12
a −24 b 10 c −3 d 4
−2 0 −1 0 −1 1
Example 13
6 a –1 –6 1 b –12 –19 –14 100

0 –2 –4 –17 –15 –13

–5 2 –3 –16 –11 –18
Exercise 1G

7 a a = −3, b = −5 b a = −15, b = −9 1 a i −20 ii −30

b i 21 ii 77
8 −$40
9 3 and −8 c i −4 ii −8
10 15 and − 4 d i 9 ii 12
2 a −20 b −54 c −40 d −99
11 a Should be 5 + 2. b Left off negative on the 2.
12 a Always < 0 b Always < 0 e 6 f 105 g 400 h 300
c Not always < 0 d Always < 0 i −152 j −123 k 54 l 765
3 a −5 b −2 c −4 d −30
13 a No b Yes c Yes d No
14 a e −2 f −26 g −45 h −36
x –2 –1 0 1 2 3 i 3 j 3 k 9 l 6
y 7 6 5 4 3 2 4 a −3 b −5 c 7
d 6 e −3 f −72
b 18 c − 45
g −252 h −5 i −30
15 a
x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
y 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

b 15 c −9

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 738 Answers

5 a 1 b 14 c 160 7 a 22 b 4 c 28 d 122
d −29 e −120 f 20 e −32 f −16 g 152 h 16
6 a ×, ÷ b ×, ÷ c ÷, × 8 a −15 b 5 c 16 d 14
d ÷, ÷ e ×, ÷ f ×, ÷ e 9 f 28 g −1 h 0
7 0 i −12 j 19 k 7 l 37
Answers

8 −16 9 a 12 b 16 c 2 d 1
9 −8 and 3 e 3 f −23 g 0 h 3
10 8 and −2 or −8 and 2 i 28 j 26 k 0 l −22
11 a i 4 ii −27 iii −64 iv 25 10 −3°C
b Yes, it will be a product of 2 numbers of the same sign. 11 a (−2 + 1) × 3 = −3 b −10 ÷ (3 − (−2)) = −2
c Yes, the product of 3 negative numbers will be negative. c −8 ÷ (−1 + 5) = −2
12 a True b False c True d (−1 − 4) × (2 + (−3)) = 5
13 a 2 b −1 c −2 d 48 e (−4 + −2) ÷ (10 + (−7)) = −2
14 If √−9 was to exist, then you could find a value of a for f 20 + ((2 − 8) × (−3)) = 38
which a2 = −9. This is not possible using real numbers. g (1 − (−7) × 3) × 2 = 44
15 Yes, a cube of a negative number gives a negative number. h (4 + −5 ÷ 5) × (−2) = −6
(−3) 3 = −27 so √3 −27 = −3 12 a Always true b Not always true c Always true
16 a y = −3x − 1 b y = −7x − 3 c y = x2 + 1 d Not always true e Not always true f Always true
13 a 4 b 1 c −7 d −4
14 a −18 b 4 c −1
1H
15 a (1 − 3 × (−4)) ÷ (−13) = −1
1G

Building understanding b 4 ÷ (3 + (−7)) × (−5) = 5

c 6 − (7 ÷ (−7) + 6) = 1
1 a Equal b Equal c Not equal or (6 − 7) ÷ ((−7) + 6) = 1
d Not equal e Not equal f Equal d −1 − (5 + (−2)) × (1 − 4) = 8
2 Missing numbers are: 16 There are 5 answers.
a 4, −3 b −6, 18 17 Answers may vary.
c −3, −3, 1 d −6, −36, − 4
3 Missing numbers are:
a −3, 8, 5 b 6, 18
Problems and challenges
1 4, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 21, 22, 25, 26, 33, 34, 35, 38, 39, 46, 49
Now you try 2 a 13 cm b 9 cm
3 2520
Example 14 4 a −105 b 16 c −39
a 17 b −24 c 18 5 a −5 × (3 ÷ (−3) + 2) − (4 + (−3)) = −6
Example 15 b −100 ÷ (4 × (−2) − 2) × 3 − (−2) = 32
a −16 b −7 c −17 6 a 6 b 1000 c 210 d 96
7 a y=3−x b y = x2 − 3
3
Exercise 1H c y = x3 + 4 d y = y = 2 √x − 1
8 a 0 b 2
1 a i 6 ii 76 9 a = 7, b = 3; HCF = 63
b i −2 ii −5
c i 5 ii −3 Short-answer questions
2 a −30 b −12 c 12
d −11 e −10 f 5 1 a 497 b 412 c 129 d 67
g 24 h −60 i 40 e 112 f 139 g 1999 h 5675
3 a −6 b 24 c 2 d 7 2 a 539 b 2030 c 61 d 3074
e 0 f 3 g −11 h 2 3 a 170 b 297 c 336 d 423
i −44 j 1 k −12 l 1 e 41 f 119 g 103 h 201
4 a 2 b 25 c 20 d −3 4 a 1668 b 21 294 c 281 d 122
e −5 f 4 g −30 h −7 5 a 3 b 1 c 1 d 7
5 a −1 b −3 c −5 6 a 9 b 11 c 49 d 400
d 3 e −6 f 7 e 3 f 4 g 125 h 1000
g 0 h −2 i −5 7 a 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 60
6 a −15 b −15 c 2 d −8 b 112, 119, 126, 133, 140, 147
e 8 f 1 g −4 h 10 c 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59
d 24 e 6

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 Answers 739

8 a 22 × 32 b 22 × 3 × 7 c 2 × 32 × 11 4 a 270° b 90°
9 a Divisible by 2, 3, 4, 6 b Divisible by 5 c . 0° (or 360°) d 180°
c Divisible by 2, 4 d Divisible by 3, 9 e 315° f 135°
10 a 380 b 2 g 225° h 45°
11 a 3 b −5 c −8 d −31 5 a S b N c W d E

Answers
e −76 f −330 g −1 h 98 e NE f NW g SW h SE
12 a 2 b −8 c −64 d −39 6 a 40° b 72° c 120° d 200°
e 16 f 12 g −20 h 92 7 a 60 b 135 c 35
13 a True b False c False d True d 15 e 36 f 45
14 a −10 b 88 c −63 d 200 8 a 105° b 97.5° c 170° d 170°
e 2 f −3 g −4 h 3 e 132.5° f 27.5° g 144° h 151.5°
15 a −4 b −1 c −8 d 26 9 a Supplementary angles should add to 180°.
e −10 f −1 g −1 h −20 b Angles in a revolution should add to 360°.
16 a −11 b 1 c 7 d 30 c Angles on straight line should add to 180°.
e 7 f −128 g −5 h 145 10 a a + 3b = 360 b a + 2b = 180
c a + b = 90
Multiple-choice questions 11 a a = 110
b (a + 50)° should be the larger looking angle
1 B 2 C 3 E 4 E 5 E 12 a 30 b 54 c 55
6 C 7 A 8 E 9 B 10 D d 34 e 30 f 17

Ch1 Review
Extended-response questions 2B
1 a a = $112, b = −$208, c = $ 323, d = −$275, e = $240 Building understanding
b $228 c $160
2 a 72 b 30 = 2 × 3 × 5, 42 = 2 × 3 × 7 1 a equal b supplementary
c LCM = 210, HCF = 6 d 6 e 210 c equal
2 a ∠BCH b ∠ABE c ∠GCB d ∠BCH
e ∠FBC f ∠GCB g ∠FBC h ∠DCG
Chapter 2
Now you try
2A
Example 2
Building understanding a a = 70 (corresponding to 70° angle), b = 70 (vertically
opposite to 70°) and c = 110 (cointerior to ∠b°)
1 a complementary b supplementary
(other combinations of reasons are possible)
c revolution
b a = 65 (cointerior to 115° angle), b = 115 (cointerior to ∠a°)
2 a 45 b 130 c 120
d 240 e 90 f 100
3 a 40° b 110° c 220° Exercise 2B
1 a a = 75 (vertically opposite to 75°)
Now you try
b = 105 (cointerior to 75°)
Example 1 c = 75 (alternate to 75°)
a a = 50, b = 180 b a = 125, b = 55 b a = 60 (cointerior to 120°)
b = 120 (cointerior to 60°)
2 All reasons assume that lines are parallel.
Exercise 2A
a a = 110 (corresponding to 110°), b = 70 (supplementary
1 a a = 63, b = 270 b a = 108, b = 72 to a°)
2 a a = 70, b = 270 b a = 25, b = 90 b a = 120 (alternate to 120°), b = 60 (co-interior to a°),
c a = 128, b = 52 d a = 34, b = 146 c = 120 (corresponding to 120°)
e a = 25 f a = 40 c a = 74 (alternate to 74°), b = 106 (co-interior to 74°),
g a = 120 h a = 50, b = 90 c = 106 (supplementary to a°)
i a = 140 j a = 110, b = 70 d a = 100 (supplementary to 80°), b = 100 (co-interior to
k a = 148 l a = 90, b = 41, c = 139 80°)
3 a ∠DOE b ∠AOB e a = 95 (corresponding to 95°), b = 85 (supplementary
c ∠DOE or ∠AOB d ∠COD to a°)
f a = 40 (alternate to 40°), b = 140 (co-interior to 40°)

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