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11 views2 pages

HW#3

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asusephex
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UZB 301E Measurement Techniques

Fall 2023, Dr. Cetiner & Dr. Yılmaz


Homework #3

1) Ahmet is using a 12-bit A/D converter with a range of -10 to 10 V. His input signal comes from a pressure
transducer, and has a range of -15 to 15 mV. Ahmet also has an amplifier circuit (output = G·input, where G is
the gain of the amplifier) which he installs in series between the transducer output and the A/D converter input.
A switch on the amplifier enables him to select the gain as G = 10, 100, or 1000.
a) Which gain should Ahmet use to minimize the effect of quantization errors – in other words, to be able to
utilize as much of the range of the A/D as possible, so as to sample data with the best precision?
b) When the transducer output is 3.75 mV and using the gain of Part (a), calculate the quantizing error as a
percent of the A/D input voltage reading.
c) Consider the best possible situation (best case scenario), defined such that the signal coming into the A/D
system uses the entire dynamic range of the A/D system, yet without clipping. Use the same transducer
output range of Part (a), but suppose you have an additional piece of electronic equipment that lets you
attenuate (reduce the amplitude of) the signal before sending it to the amplifier. In order to use the
amplifier gain setting of 1000, by what factor should the signal first be attenuated? Finally, find the
quantizing error for this best case scenario as a percent of the A/D voltage reading. Is the error better than
that of Part (b)?

2) A voltage signal consists of the following periodical waveform:


𝑉(𝑡) = 10 sin 502.7𝑡 + 5 sin 94.2𝑡 + 15 sin 942.5𝑡
where t is in seconds and V in volts. This signal is sampled digitally at a sampling frequency of 200 Hz. 128 data
points are taken.
a) Recommend additional procedures to sample the signal properly in the frequency domain considering the
sampling conditions given above.
b) Sketch what the frequency spectrum would look like if you were to perform an FFT on these sampled data.
Label your axes carefully.
c) Calculate:
- the total sampling time
- the time increment between sampled data points
- the frequency resolution of the frequency spectrum
- the Nyquist frequency

3) A voltage signal is of the following standard functional form: 𝑉(𝑡) = 𝐶 + 𝐴 sin(2𝜋𝑓𝑡 − 𝜙), where C is the DC
offset voltage, A is the amplitude (also in volts), f is the physical frequency of the signal, t is the time, and ϕ is
the phase shift. Here, C = 1.00 V, A = 2.00 V, f = 20.0 Hz, and ϕ = 0 radians. A lab group consisting of Erdi, Ceyda,
and Mert sample this signal with an A/D converter that has a range of 0 to 2 volts. They sample at a sampling
frequency of 35 Hz, and their first data point is taken at t = 0.0200 seconds.
a) Plot the true signal, V(t) for time ranging from 0 to 0.5 seconds. For consistency, use a smooth solid
line with no symbols, and set the ordinate axis to -1.5 to 3.5 volts. (It is recommended that you use
Excel or Matlab for this problem.)
b) On the same plot, draw symbols showing the data points that Erdi, Ceyda, and Mert sampled with
their data acquisition system. For consistency, connect the symbols by straight line segments so that
you can show the perceived signal, as recorded by the data acquisition system.
c) What frequency is observed from the perceived signal as recorded by the data acquisition system? Hint:
From your plot, count the number of cycles or periods divided by the time span.

4) An analog signal having oscillations at frequencies of 20 and 50 Hz is sampled at 500 Hz for a time period of 5
seconds.
a) Considering the oscillations at 20 Hz how many samples are acquired in one period?
b) What is the frequency resolution of the power spectrum obtained by the digital Fourier
transformation?
c) What is the highest frequency value that can be determined by this power spectrum?

1
5) Consider the signal given by

𝜋
𝑓(𝑡) = 1.8 + 1.3 sin(30𝜋𝑡) − 0.95 cos(80𝜋𝑡 − )
3
a) What two frequency components are present in the signal?
b) Plot the signal from t = 0 to t = 0.5 seconds. Choose a small time increment (like Δt = 0.001 or 0.002 s) so
that the curve is nice and smooth. Plot using a smoothed solid line only, no symbols.
c) Now simulate digital data acquisition at sampling frequency fs = 50 Hz with N = 256 data points, beginning
at t = 0. Plot the digitally acquired data on the same plot, using symbols connected by straight line
segments (do not smooth).
d) Calculate the following properties of an FFT of these digitally acquired data: total sample time T, frequency
resolution Δf, and Nyquist (or folding) frequency fNyquist.

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