pram Singh are Publications” peri tof Quantum Page Pet. LA) — AU Qed tira Ares, CONTENTS =e BN rata 26010 KE 7 Phone: 0120-3160879 ‘C60; Antenna © Wave Propagation > rat un eater ontampacela ‘ea pent aaa ve Shara, De 1: Coononue sree a El, Es ut Nog Shahar, Debit 00n2 Sleiman spar aNeeORUTON 1 At Spel Mgt a and volume pence snd vos ne ‘Au Rraty Restavt Cuneta ecer Sekar hese Die thar, Sates an hsp ramen Stes thooem Laplacon ot rsedue ns OO Ss pt ft pablo ra me q ree tees meant, without poration 7 ene = deed mous iat ter eee AAS aaa mins wo ed om oes = oer ‘a ey ert nie ose eee apace eat her the publisher nor the authors for compeleness of any information pulser nor the authors or damages ecwacy however ei aie the aceFY abled erin and ter He pobise ral be response for any errors, cisions ring out of ese of hs infcrmaton. iit The mite commana Seiriorene rato GN Antunsiepertns hae UNIT-4 : ANTENNA DESIGN [Antenna & Wave Propagation (BC : Sem) Se pl Theat ce (1Ateaz0n) ee Sra SSLSES Dat dpe aaa te ee eines ‘Stanton neste to aoi2i3 rent rind cote 2013-14 neon Felded dae enn’: Yap+Udaonemas desgn Lngwice 2201816 units : wave PROP @ Eaiton : 2015-16 Mae earth election Spee (1At05-37) ewe and me nave pu fe 7 Béition : 2016.17 rerun: nauten Fldstrengireion itcsefimpercter 8° Editon : 2017-18 2 Baton : 201819 ‘orn tuyeses ty ne ona 10° Edition : 2019-20 EER, Vent anda ds Cane DS 11 Elion 202021 (Thoraughly Revised Editon) pds Nop reppin are acer SHORT QUESTIONS Price: Rs 1100-1 Be o1Atesqisa, | /ED PAPERS (20151670 2019.20) Pa awsrasay Fra a= Mayank Fates, DARFTTOODSLACES emg) Srertoas yates Tras maion Cortsian, Cstindrca, Spherical Transformation. inate System: SONGEPT GUTLINE Co-ordinate Sy: ms * Chordinate system is defined aa a system which i ased to and Transformation Sgiar i ase sens area thre types Cartesian co-ordinate system ar Grlindsieoardate tem Sphere cowroate stem CONTENTS | — Questions-Anewere ‘Loni: Answer Type and Medium Answer Type Questions Le ee etiom | os 110A to 18 mae sg Cle {QH0TR | Write a shor note on eareslan coordinate system Tine Sanne sat a Volume Integrals poe Fi utvan o-ardsae sytem isahoknownas rectangular coordinate so Ato 1-14 spitem Inretnear cordate tem tree coseaane sy sedsatean upmatuly tightens Weachois 2 Asin Pin cartesian coordinate aystem i represented by Pe 92) "The ranges ofthe coordinate variables sy eds are wecxca,-ocycnand-meren + Cartesian, Cylnde r= 1-2A to 1-108 Spherical Traneforsation Divergence Theorem Cur of « Vector, Stoke's: ‘Thooves, Laplacian of « Scalar 3. Vector A incartesian co-ordinate system can bo written a WdpADO A, fs A, 8, +A, dowbere 8 slong ther, yande directions respectively | Beet] Give a brie description on cylindrical co-ordinate | sytem. Convert the cartesian co-ordinate system into cylindrical covordinateepatem, “Answer AL Cylindrical cord 1 Aint P09 62)in pide! coordinate epsom represents pi tho Fadi of teendreams srtedansyea. and & areunitvectrs IAC ems)Antenna & Wave Propagation 1-SA(EC-Sem-) 2 ‘The ranges of variables p, and are Dspem Os be deen <0 4 Vector din eplindrieal coordinate is written an (Aye Ay A,) oF Adc A Ad wr dy aed diy are unit weer thew and directions respectively. 1h. Relation between U3 2) md 442) : pa (Fay de tatylee et azn 1. fay o1 2. ised tranaforinga point rom cartesian toxin ‘ordinate Ect aepemd yepsing 22 ty 1.22) or tanto pint em cine fcntsion 4 tn mates form, we write the transformation of vector A from, UA Ay Ay isabalned anit BES hort note on spherical co-ordinate aystem. Geet ] Wate iawwer_| 1. In a apherieal co-ordinate system, a point P ean be represented as Pir 0 2 Heres represents radius of sphere fs the angle between sax ard theplonvecorof Pan iseame asin cylindrical co-ordinate system. The rangesof variables 0,6 are given by Osr 0, the eletrie fed intensity + fn the direction ofthe force F and is measured in nemtons per coulomb or volts per motor, 4‘ Tucttiefilinetyatpent dotted 7 oj, - 97 trek neg PP é 4k or pint charges Qy Qeon-Quleeted a distanee 7S women Ahcelectre intensity at point #8 ei), QF, = Sh j at ear GaGa | Find the electric eld fntensity duet Inflately Tong ‘charged wire line charge)- imwees] 1 Let esconsider tne charge with uniform change deity p extending rei ee Teche loment a ascent trot the — dQ = p, d= ry, 42. ees i230 2 FromFig 281, eo rearee dizde Betny.21-.02) reg aeuene, fs fH apiee-erd, Bie | Pesteytolee Paseo? a ‘Antenna & Wavo Ta sasany 25AcCSem) a i BL 68 see, Roe ip ibteemap asm Fig2a. ct raaain oth et atom ie sarge. 4 Potngthevatueet f ascarin GE odin Eft a, woe Ting wept Be oe y vipsten ie linet 23) tie Rol 29) e pesca nd £2 0T-ptane a?=-puctada 6 Pain valet Rando (2.9) then we ge, Ba ata] oteloved ened e ‘*s seca ei re. Be FE Temes anette 250 1, Ths, or afin ine charge, R. 0 : B= FP Hsing, sing (cay e408) 235) 8 Perini ne hag, ela Bi 8,0, an (0,0 eye weaya a te empeneet ie ae ee Hey Poe 238)POA ECS em) tectrontate Pek & Magnetotatle Flea Gara | Find an expression for elecetefletd intemslty for an (Rie BOIET, Mark 7] Infinite sheet of charge. “inewer | Infinite set of harge ig. 241, tvebaation of the Hat dv veeecuder an ifinite set of change inthe 237 Plane wit wnifrm ‘Treharge nscciated with lemental area dis Wecnds pint P10, 0, by the charge d@ on the elemental 24) a ed at BeBe & fp = Fda ng dS = rg ndede Beano. ‘Sutsttutng the values of dy and tin eg (242) ag = Penstedhendo BA a deg bh hh 6 the symmetry of the charge distribations, for every element 1, theres wcorrespnding element 2whowe contribution long 4, cancels etement 1 Thus the eirbtin te, dbupto ero so that E sin Seamer Sateen) This canbe ahown ye medamanmerdcpeareecmaneet Be faba of | phate ing + Ph aejueeare Beetle ew Lage a = BAe emery where dytea unit 0 unit vector normal tthe sheet Quez5. ] Determine the force on a (0,0,5)m due to nit ise ofrediver 21 m Tawwer_] Given :Q=5n€, TaFind: Force 1. The charge density, So AIE #15015 mom?‘LBA (EC-Sem-6) ectrontatic Fields & MagnetontaticFieldy hare eatin edie ee eonganis (2888) sata (peas ) 4. Teta cerponent wi ee tee scons naesw A 110-7) (.5015 «10 pods aimee oa Each differen dog, 2.2490] => [+ areas 7278 (aa Je-sraeaeta 4 eee GTA cnet # m7 1 ine amen ced Wy hee een ereint charges located at y= (ls 1 OP" 1 1,0, (ty-1, and p= (= 10 ‘ARTO 2010-17, Mavis To pyele tee Band p= Ob Tawer_] Given: Q= 326, >, Panty) 20,10, 7,21 1 Ops 1 LO, ToFind: & 1 lotrel intensity i given by, ai=i) fet [oan , a20-C110) oe " (pane = C0F*Fahs)=(-10 B-CL=10) | 1-010) + pata LOVF*ja,1.0=0,-109 amet sew on, (23) Arey eae "lia (004), 0), aa), (02,2 won (0 82-3} = 68106, +6814, +527816, ee ———————— Antenna & Wave Propagation a wii 29ACSms) ‘GeeRT [Point charges 0, = 1 ne, s=200,Qy* Sn and == 4 nc are pe Graco oon eroeattlaned one atu time in that order at Inthe system aftr each change mney cele emery Positioned. Taswer Given @, = 196. Q,+-206,, ‘To Fins Energy sane 1, When @; i placed, the work done fesorsos 0, hence Wy ‘2 When Q, is placed, there is field o edie tas prevent. = Vane QS Tek, ye 220" atat0# Frxsases10™ 3 When Qs placed theres etd dus to and Q, bth, : Wy= Va1+ Yin a FeO eget tte Pa vis764 08 11.168 a3 et ae) 1 | Fig. 22. placed, theres Feld das to QQ, and Q, M= Waar Weswwe ich & Mogetootatic Filly DIOALECSem-6) lectrostatieFields & foie 2] sey ee sameheM Here eB 30.035 —60.178 ay GET] reopen -tnt andre 19) ST ae ial at (1, 0,1), a8suni aan '2) respectively, find the pots tis 4 0,1, namo, ee 5, Totaleneray. Tnewer | potenti! £Galeulation of eletre potential @ Loin , @, — Woe Fecal Releal wer =0,c,20 ae rele 10,0, 0-2-2001 «1 Irnrale 110,0~0.4,-2)] = 10 . Jessy va.o,0~ a 4 Hence ae 4, Caleulation of electric force: 1, Assume chargeot 1 nat pint Cis. 2) Bi, snc 2 2,-1.3) ~ tee —_—_ I Antenna & Wave Propagation BALA(ECSem-0) 2 Forcoon Cave twa 5 ‘This forco et tong, 3 Forceon Cave wo a1 44 0 ele B Sy sea Fy M610 Ths frc ats along pe EOP aT THA 4. Rerultant reenter esi ‘Que29. | Three point ,0,0900,0, and i, ‘haryes 1 nC, 4 nC, 9 nC, are located at 0.0) Find energy inthe nystom. PEAK Ley, samen “9 T@ Jaro tetacta]-fata-aean) fg “lata a2] = 982-1) asesaana PART-2 | Plectrc Flas Density, Gausvs Law Masills Eqution, Continuity Equation and Relaxation Time, Boundary Conditions oe —lWlo_——— Questions-Anwers ‘Long Answer Type and Medium Answer Type Questlons neal oeenanmaenbiticatcemee sr | |2AgA ECS) rcrstate els Magneto Pads ie concept of electric Foc TTO.| Wat i cletre Noe 7 PP ‘ox density “Anewer A. Electric fast nang particular electric ld sorterceinery particle isealog Trottteumber facts ny ‘Tecra sre 1B, Blectieflus densi sing normal throughthe unit surface rey Persie ce) a Peapiitbe decades ; ares ez deny eave cums, tit den Dhy * Bhs ection whieh nora tthe sure ee re chang laced aie ce ne Case a epher yroue The otal ax ditibter mlm wiaeeses@ =a ve ELF re ofobore renee oxdeig too De $Om* «piso caed apn ondneyoraacest ey. a. Invectorform, B= SL4, Coat sa ges cong nrmal hv derail red va. Unit vector inthe dlretin normal to the diferentialsurfaco area, “GaSTIT] A point charge @= 10-0 ina the origin in roe space Find the electro field at PU, 0,1, Also find electric flux density. newer GivensQ~=107C, point FU, 0,1) ‘FoPind Beets el, letic Bux density. ‘Antenna & Wave Propagation 1, We know, 213A (ECSem-) Re 848, 2 lotro old Beaiad,saovim 3, Blectric fluxdensity at point P hs 2819", 40") aC? nw. Deduce Maxwell's equation from 1 Gaatas ln states thatthe tata electric fax y passing throurh any ed rrfnce iseqalta te total charge onsased by tat race ‘Thes, 2 Qe 2 Total Mux passing through the entire closed surface fs ve five f Bad en Such aclosed surface over which the integration inthe eq (2.32.1) is eve ou scaled Gaui ura. v= § aS =Q,, =Total ehane ences 4. Porvolume charge distribution v= Gnengbad » free coua) 5. By applying divergence theorem neg. (2.122) $ba8 - fda sox 6. Comparing the volume integrals in eq (2122) end eq, (2.123), we getMognetostatie Fe BMA(ECSems) ectrostate Fields & Magneto an oD 1. Thicicthe fist Maxwelts equation 1 following spplications of ste a short note on th ‘Guenis.] Write» Gauss law 2 Point charke Hi Line eharse Tarwer_ | For point charge: swadermise Bevan, care gists tear Todnterine Ba Renting it hip chy Te Eigse agar theorist Ons Bi y oussian surface ig. 2.8.1, Govesiannarfac sta post eharns sioe 3 ievergwhre ernie Oran mc Le.Be Dé, Anning Gauss law gives , Qe § Bad =D,f d8-DAer i Forinfiniteline charge? Let the infinite line of uniform charge py, Cm lies along the z-axis. To ‘determine BD at point P, acyindriea surface containing point Pis chosen, 2 As.thoelectric ux density D isconstant and normal tothe cylindrical surface, BoD, {Antenna & Wave Propagation Fis 2132. Gaston utc seat nial in chan ‘& Applying Gauss's law to the length ofthe tine a P= $ 5.aBaD,Gesa—, opt where lS = 25 mri area of Gaunsan wart, Ths, Be Bes, ‘Ge ]Ravtalnthe aplication Gusts aw for point charg, Tine charge, comsial cable nad uniformly ebarged spiene “Answer 4, Point charne: Refer Q.219, Page 2-244, Unit Line charge: Refer Q.2.13, Page 2-144, Unit, For coaxial eable: 1. Latsconsdes two coaxial eylindreal conductors, having’a‘as the inner radius and'¥'as the outer radia, 2 Let us assume a charge distrib inner condetor. Here, a ee ee ‘tg om the outer surface ofthe colindee of length Land rau p where a Gaak s4ahinen (2149. weet Brain te, For uniformly cherged sphere > ig. 2142. snifrm charge py Cink structed for eases 1. untuscoser phere ofraue's' with 2 Todetermine B everwberos Gaunt CinetsFort ‘the total charge enclosed by the spherical surface of a CasedsForr ras rie ls < are Jr. -nfdomnf Lie in 0dr ddo= 654 = ot w= § bdd-v, fe oD, | frsnodedy= Der Hence, y = Quite B= fpa,oerse 4 Case 2: For r2 0 the charge enclosed by the surface fs the entire carpe in his eas, be ‘Antenne Wore Propagation BTAmeSomt ener strane sem Que frdomosfdomng} j [anode dody sate wie, We fair set Data Sat, "Q0e 2.16] Derive continuity current equation. Tower] 4 This equation of caren is based oa the ie principle of conservation of ‘Sharpe Th princnieofeonservationcf charge states that Techarges ‘an nither be erated nor be dentayed = 16 $548 2162) 2 Nom, tot Q,= Chazy within the lose surface a. <= Hate of decrease of charge inde the elased aurfue. | According to prinine conservation of charge, this rate of decrease same as ate ofoutward few of change, Faw of charge is curent s, 1 §ad-#9 “asa a 4 Ea. (2152 the integral frm of the continuity equation of current. Now, using the divergence theorem, $348 « fo-ae 2162) 2 fy So, > =f de et Sloat esa tere, 2 Volume charge density 5. Substituting eg (215.3) andoq.(2.15-ine,DARA LECSem-) ‘Electrostatic Fes fe Maenetostatic Fey F inuity equation of “Thsisthe pint former differential form othe the caren! 1 cquation. Also, define uity eureent £4 q.2:8, Page 2-7, Unit emer] A Continuity curred B. Relaration time rt equation : Refer rial which tinea and homegeneous se aorta ih 1 erent ey for ths tspeot mater Seok But be cb 8-2 3 tion tates that, ‘The differential form of the continuity equa ag 2161) 8 By (216 Disthedtferentia equ fing, those slution sven, none ene here y= Charge density at=0 etal wth tine shows tau care diy des expe conten clone etnies ae 44 The relation ime is goa densi odcay tose ae of the te equied by the charge ialyalae. "tte By the ce Relation tine = ‘Gor 27 | Esolin the tem boundary cost nwo] ron consisting of te diferent medi, the the nterfaceneparating either fEdicomd § da5-0., 8, Theclectrie intensity # canbe decomposed int tothe capone — Babee, emafiond orth tangential odnrmal emponeatsot tthe Some boundary conciton at sn interface are: Pieler, landdvketete,) CConiutor a diletic Conductor an fre space, Bree ‘Que. ]Bepaindclctriedelerie boundary condition on. Explain the tangential and normal boundary conditions between twodlclectres for waic let ea, ‘Aaewer © GN aria iit conte oat meet 2 Those £ and fi, inmedia 1 and 2, can be decomposed ax B= Busby 4248.) Eo Busby 42.182)ND 1a ad. Datectricdelectne bende Fig. 21K, De toning Dio * Dae wo preroinne "Pa exten path ada se sing that he Asrving § B.di-0 a. Appbine § a istionot E We te thespatal a —_ ee ssa) paths very eal ith Fem ee Byhe Ba 'p Boe B.1and term 22 cancels sehere £= LE ond B= 1B ender & By 28g 2188) 4 Ae hr 0,0q (218. become "Gans By Be toot Eo ‘Thar the tangent emponea! the boundary Here B , wedergns ng change onthe Boundary an ix Eile cotinuous arse the boa 6 Since, back=D +d, ‘Tereforeeq. (2.184) an be writen 88, he samen the tw siden of 2386) A said to interac. Thus ler D sere re change arse the itr de foeltineas renee Aoplsng {Bid ~ Quy '0 the eindris! Gaussian surface of Pe DIBLME EE oe: 48 Duss thea Dy Dry mana a we inva zine Fig-2.10.2, Retraction of or Bata inact dielectric brandy. 1 Frome 2182, Eysin, © By = By Byinn, Eemerceraae aus 12 Sinilarly, <4, cor = eon, 0 13. Dividing 09:(2.18.9)y (2.1810, we yet ag He aes oy= eee ond gt eee 09 (216A bos 0 Ss iano," ©, 15, Thanet neren wy ea picnics ‘5's rl of unequal plaranon cares ta seesaae oe opposite side af the interface. ce “ * {Que219.] Discuss the concept of conductorsdiclectric boundary ‘condition and conductor-free space boundary condition. A. Coniductorslleletete boundary condition 1. Inorder todetermine the boundary cnn or aconductorsiletee versio 42181) interface, we consider that & = Onsite the conductor.3 Ssleryartsine f B48 sic Pek & Magetostatc Fields 2 AKC Sem) est sae thats oF 2.18.1 ives Applving f Edi © oto the ‘ ; A219.) oa oro Moe 2192) Anak 8, gto the elndieat Gausan surface (2193) 4 By 219.) maybe wrttenas 1B. Cenductonfree space boundary conditions + 2 Asweknow, = 22 np, p,2 Sn o D=os ys are represented in Dyw ece,By+OandD,=656,F,= 06 tions at the interface between By replacing, by 1. the Boundary cent s eondotor ad ire epace eas be etained Dia eee =0 Di» 6B =P e198) SS nut 8 re Peat = 229A (EC-Sem-6) Sul Conductor 0) Fir 2ina, Thea, @.19<0imptis tha eld mart eproachaceedecting surfoce sen. Meunctostatie Fields, Ampere's Circuit Lae, Maxucl's Equation. Questions-Answers {Long Answer Type and Medium Answer Type Questions ‘Que 220] State and explain the Biot Savarts law. roa 1. BlotSavart'slaw states thatthe erential magnetic field intensity fT ‘produced at pat P,asshown in Fig.2.20., by te diferental current «clement I dis proportional to the produc / a nd sine af tage (a) between the element andthe line joining paint Pto the element anit inversely proportional tote squareof the stance between Pand the Lalsing fe att 1 where, thea,Fields & Magmtostatie Fields POA ECSem 6) lectrstatie hownia Fig. 2.20.1. De 2 el srhere, Reiland de=ig Om ii inward) Fe va alomital same dt ae i (Cine current (Surface current) a. (Rie a. Se iaoxin (Volume current) ae Poe ointing fom the diferential element of ‘wheres @ unit vector evento the inc tre, sete cure dey nd Fi ‘volume current density ‘Quc2ai, | State and explain Biot-Savart’s lew field intensity duc to infinitely long wire caryin the magnetic field due toan infinite conductor carrying fe distance ris i! «Isr Alm ARTO 2016 Derive magnetic weurrent I Prove that current Ja B. Derivation + 1. Todetermine the field dve toa straight current carrying filamentary Conductor of finite length Bis shown in ig, 2.21.1 2. Let the conductor is along the -axs with its upper and lower ends, subteading angles a, and. at, the pint atwhich HT iato be determined 3. Hore the current flows from point A, where a = a, to point B, where ey 22SA(ECSem-0) Fig. 221.1, Piold ot pint P ve tom traight fementary ondactor 4, Thovalusot difat Pac tomnetement cs.0,0,2i8 ait. Ldivi ahd won wt die deésana tpi, wala apt, iro f toa ite es Saag 221.2) 8. Late peotasde =~ prone a that og 2.21.2) comes ir wl] eewst ade, ag ‘ al Fada He faness on a. Ha Lemay conay di Fey los ear eose) dy 6 Meonductoris infinite in length, then point Ais at (0, 0,~m) while Ba 400,02 y= 160" and y= 0% thug, (2215) reduce feta a “Que222, | The conducting triangular Joop in Fig. 2.22.1 carries a ‘current of 10 A.Find if at (0, 0,5) due to side1 of the loop.7 sotnstatc Behl & Mogoeostatic Py —ele ig, 222:1, Conducting triangular lop, Tawwer ie ofthe bop.consler Fig. 2.22.2 wha “Tofit ai.e.sdovtoside Lette Fe Dis treated asa steht co oa ig. 2222. Side 1 ofthe lop 2 Here we join the point (0 0,8) 0 the begining and end of the lise current en 0. cosa, = 04 90° «Oeose,= Band 9-5 4 Todetermine dy consider 8, # &, and dy = dy So A. Hence, fom 9. (2223) Ties ; = osa,-cosa,)ée Fi = tena, cose) 10/2 dee ; = (2 -o}c-4,) =-501 &, mar. aol Que225.] State and prove Ampere's circuit law and derive ‘Maxwells equation for it. Antenna & Wave Propagat Trwwor Taste clu state tht, the a integral a mgt ld thdreet current {ntensity around ony coced gn eta nd any ed paths un a0) 4 «Met tent 2 satin a elon ie 2 Amlping Stbcthtiem ee ee get Ice Pfs fovea 10292) a lage foots 0932) 4 Composing the utice integral ney (22.2 )ae (2.2: cary eaten vaite§ 5, Ea.(223.isthe thintAtmewets equation, QueZ24,] Welto a short note on the following applicato Ampere’ law for infinite i Line current Hh Sheet of current 40234) newer Infinite tine current 1, Consider an infiitely long flamentary eurent 1 along the z-axis as shown in the Fig. 2241 2 Todetermioo it at pat P consider closed path passing through soit F Thisisthe puthon which Ampere lam nappa end tisk teAmperian path 4 Sinethispathencesnthowhslocurret then sccorngte Amper'a Iw, Bs [ia pain 10H, [pdb ott, 209ret & Magoetostatic Fe D2SAECSem) ectrotatic Fields & Mat Sighs oe Amerie th oer ig. 2243- i, Iafiaite sheet of current: Eis 3 ran infnite erent sheet inthe Connie : eres density °K, yA on shownin Iie a eee Fig, 2.242, opting Ampere’ la 10 Ts eier betsy Ged let BP : § pean th [Bat a0 an laa tae rating he ining Hg (2242) along the eloed path at Atoenin ip 2242-005 jaicat « (Jefe Jae Of )4 (-H,N-b) + 060) +(H)(6) fii-ai = mp 2213) From eq (224.1 apd 2243), we get Roe ap tne Be, Substituting the val, neg 2242, weg 229A ECSem-6) 2248) com horse unit ermal vecardietd fram the crn abet othe {Que 226, | Explain thespplcations of Amper'slaw for infinite) ine cuzrent i het of current (i) ong eonzialtacamniston line. Tnawer Infinite ine current: Refer Q 224, Page 2-278, Unit HL Sheetof current RaforQ. 2.24, Page 2-27A,Uni2, {Ul Infinitely long coaxial transmission Tne 1. Conder an infinitely log transzision le consiting afte concentric cpliaders having their ens long thexis chown inthe Pig 228. 2, Theianer conductor hnaradiuse andcarres current while the outer ‘endvctorhataner eis and thins ancartin ture cues Since, the eurent distribution is symmetrical, we apply Ampere’ law ‘long Amperian pathforeathof bur poss reqions!0 pe, p 0, Bepsbstandpzbes. 4. Porregion 0 pe, weapply Amperts lw to path Ly a2 Fig. 225.1. Ceosseton of the Lranumlssien iw 5 Asthecurrent uniformly distributed over the erowaeetion,sua Magctetti Flay etre 220 A(ECSem-4) Gotan aberdneree tas fd oa sg uneqozsaveemen th 12252, Ay & = sian path sb, isused a8 a9 AP 1. Forregione s0bF™ fibedi hort ayepel 1 142383) on, We oe 8 Forregond sp bt pathls Gi -H.297 foe sused 12.254) where, Iage ts fea 4. re, J tthe crete afterendadarand aang, jet on al Jor FT —+1 | fedras Ie STP dad # eet oy s,s ee gine O28 a eee a aye he. 11. For region p28 + f.L, path eehosen, 20 ie fitediet-teo or Heo Antenna & Wave Propagation 2aAECSemO &, wbapsber ober a= B36] Determine ‘GeeFA6_] Determine the mgnsiteeld inten Sasrare reine Serve Ta idaen iH at the centre fat. The length ofeach side 2m and the Answer 1, Considering e PA murs crrent element with each ide of m and earryng cya 2 reed dit = Meda 0, -1. dit, Ldedrorigsti) tact, 3, Thototlldat th oiginis it | tite Lae te BE, neyectrostati Fields & Manetonstic Fg, pa2Accsens FoeTTT | pincues Maxwell equations for ate ld Tene | Maxwells fist equation: A Mansel Ge Gani for letra ls y Aectdngtecaas iw an. {48 ms 4 tater vee charge 059 7 Bua = Jo deem) “at |k. Brapplying divergence theorem 106% (2272) fia « [ov Bree iia compa baie ar ne 272) 04 roan Ben toieetleroaint rm) (2274 emg. cazrayin nee farm, ad C2274 8 he ier (Spi orm ofan easton: it Manwell's second eas 1 tis derived rom becouse {ele intgral doesnt Siedetteratveecn fl. $B-dl~ oun form ans poe in moving ehArE Aone ale see natare of electrostatic Held. Ave Bekcnd onthe path of integration ‘This implies that no net works patina electrostatic fel [Applying Stoke's theroms ten. (227.9) ve gba = [onda af #0 (Ditcesialor point orm) 2276 ana satisfies oq (2275) oF ea. (2.27.6) i said tobe ny vector Someratnerirotatioa Ea (2278) is the integral form, and 68 ( {ot point form of Maxwell's equation. fil, Maxwell's third equation 1. Teis derived frm Amper's circuit aw, according (2.276) isthe dilferentist i tothis law, Applying Stoke's theoren, fia. 082g vai 5 4 Ea. (227-Dis the ange Deora Ee G21Dis thine re eee fom) 1222) orm af Monee sya eu 29) oe eran fe, Maxwells fourth on dere or 1 RisdersedfronGacnr ey ae or magenta eld accord fies, according hin $843 «oder ms 2 This is beesse i is 22710) conse ee aan ration of magnetic IO i ee 3 Apbegdrene es ae the lw af woremioeg (227 10)gves $8-48 «Jobe co «Keanu bstttineste ate ans (or point) form, of Maxwells equations 0 (227.11) is the differential [Mogretic Scaler and Vector Potent Conditions Maret Baton Peel een Questions Ahamers ‘Long Answer Type and Medium Answer Type Questions: “Que 226. Explain theterms magneticrenar and vector potential Taree] AL Magnetic salar poten 1 The magnetic scalar potentials written as V_andiareatedte fi 28vw 2MAGCSems) cron Fide de Moet Fata, ire-vv, easy) 2. Thecurlofthemazntic bela irenst Pero {2282 2. Asthecatfthe qin any clr dnty 00 therfore aa et fetretelsttenny isto deoed eth eain, ae ah ferenal en cee eo TO ae senna Fa mart tet eden. Ts, Hi =e Vp ord #0) 4 Sic, ¥ stent apo otion st 0s dbs oleae fala vy, 20 5. Thevariouscharacttristis fsa 1 Theneguvesratient ofits Hie, if 2M 4 Rexatewhere J =0 magnetic potential Vr: i indirectly dened asV,« fit-di 1B. Magnetic vector potential: 1. Vector magetie potential exists in regions where is present. 1 ig defined in such a ray that te curl gives the megnetic ux density, Baved where, A = Vectormagneti potential Wb). 2 can to & did fr ine caret, rin eae nd Geter : a (orig caret (for surface eurent) A = phdte or volume cures a jade (Gor ehane eure 2. Thevaioschratrtne vector mags tential are i Wexnseven hen Jipreveat Vector magnetic potential Aas applications to obtain radiation characterises of antennas, pertures and slso obtain radiation leakages from transmission ine, waveguides and mierowave ovens, ‘ii, A is used to find near and far fields of antennas. SoU elo meomac ns an FS * erossing the surface § = 2/2, tela session TTR eta betty Answer ° i E 2226A EC-Sem-s) tecrotatic Fields de Magtostatic Ply 3 Now apply Gauss lw for magnet field: vieo aad =o (Ba-Bas) 38 = 44 Since a8 sepresent mal area enelosin tozero,te485+0 By- Baro solumewhich cannot be eqa 2p oni magni oxdensty ADiscontincosscy ‘.e,normal component a een two medi the boundary interface bet 5 Fromeg. (20.0 Fi, 9 8 ii, ngnermal component of magnetic fel intnsity is dsentinaoas, si Geatltion for tangential component of magnetic feld: 1 Atthe boundary, there existe sheet curent of density K shownis ig. 2902. Caren sheet 2. Apply Ampere, fitdi t= iat ema 4. Considering eased path ABCD, we ive My: ARH, CD+0+08 Rs Uys tlt = Bh Hy=Hgs & y= 98 ond ty = Ba m Ms atenna &Wove Peep nara cseme nas k 4 Tangential component a 2903) ha el ee ily tacts See current density (i), 5 Mearrent doit i sry ‘Thus, tangential component of : toe of Bs dscontinanae ince pi nat equal ‘Gee2At] State and prove boundary condtion at interface for ragnetostatie fells Glven that fie = 24, 04, 64 reglony=#=250,wherej,eSipCaleates = di, ana fiend tin veony-t-230 whee yyy Tame] ‘A. Boundary conditions el i, Roumdary conditions Refer Q. 2.30, Tage 2-354, Usit:2 Irv et the surface of plane be deeb by fy) ‘etor normal topane enya F-#~ gue Hebets pi 2 My xardt ety 21511-28468, 448) 2-86 ,4214,4168).0mnw Here {ining the twundary comin, wr Mere sig = Hi, ~24, 024, 0 M Per ere "i, 34d, «44, ) 2 104, 108, Tw fi thot 0 18s, ont Beng, naa AONE {poané, « 90364, © 103,)» Whim Foc EA | Faplain the boundary condition far current dematy. newer | 1) When current ebiqvely (ilrent onducies. rection and maestade ramen a ipterfae between to Reda with erect deminy wecor changes both in ‘Tae equstins for steady current deasty J are Deters frm Integrators, vdeo fes-o 2321) vd} eo jlid-o amp ‘The divergence equation is same and the curl equation is obtained by combining Obmis low 20 B rwith Vx B «0. 1 Mstate hat the atin interface ieee the anew momma of J atte en sf we Write down Mawwetts ‘tnd tne harmon fia war farm fa static, yam 1 Catculate sects Reid tanentbe encanen tog sheet ehargs having hn tatay Se Smtmaeeninineby A. Maxwell's equations for static a eee for state olde Weer Q 227. Page 2-524. ‘Maxwell's equations for tim © Mawwelts few equations ne Ses $BedB = fo.de ater tem aanHOA CEC Sem) lctrostate Fiske & Manetotnte Fit eB an, tic trm) 82293, “Thedervaton is same as for thestati els Hi Maxwell's second equal sa 1 inderived from Foraday'law, According oth fia. -[Ba8 omeratiem aan Avon Stbe'stheorem oe 2.2950 Pas (2334) fede fo -Brad [2 Comparing the wo surface integrals ine, 2.5.4 ves we 2385) 4.232 the itera formand eg (2.5) 8te eieretia form ot Miswelfsequation ik, Maxwell third equa 1 iederived frm Ampe ltedl = f-08 i280) ret tog side (233.0) ve have (aia) Gii-al = {(5+P)-a8 negra form 2.387) SP eit law. Acorn otis aw 2 On adding displacement cor Applying Stoke's theorem oe. (282-7 gives desnsrn'fs fib « foo 0, where Refer 2 Were hy Explain all forms of Maxwells equations in time varylag, ‘onditon wits phy ence Refer Q. 2.83. = feienes: 089Pare + 1 Diretiity and Reseltin, + The Radio Communicate Antenna Fundamental and Definitions CONTENTS Thodection, Bate Antena ono 320 €0 3104 Parameter, Patera Deas ace (or Beem Solid Angle) 24. edition Intent. Beas Effiioney. Directivity D ‘and Gain SOA to 5-104, Antenn Apertar Bifective Height | Link, Feds fom Osilating Dipole, SingletoNotze Ratio (SNR), Antenne Temperature, ‘Antenna Inpedance S1AECSem6) EBA BCSem 6) nda et Inrange ET] Be, Neto Peem emo Diretciy pe tnt nd ent eam Een ——_=revevwe | {00 3] What doyor undertandy tera Anleens Alo wre basic antenna parameters, 1. Amotalidevie used for rtitng ‘atenna. Antenna can be ued ane ater, NT Fetvingradiowavesisesled ting antares ‘An antenna may be isotropic ( (Gireesena, 8. These are required in wired communication communication, breadear system, mite ‘communication ete 4. Teisused to perform fellowing funetins: couples the transmitter output to fee space and recived np to thereceiver E_Teiscapable of radiating hetramagnetie waves fi. Te converts high requeneyeortet int eletromsgastic waves andenna parameter dition pattem omer deni Directs fe Antenna i “GacBS | Bxplain eaaiation Taewer | as B. Basle ant teen. eeana i epcented APR 089 fan no raion pater x vo habows the variation [actual gy ect son 2 hancepenbaetsietestisenmee ic ammeter e | Troe) are used frit. orerinate peer ence pa coor ened at oi oes en 4 Teammate at ai the Phra ios | not inidsteength (Es aleaye angen ey epbereofradius and fr ver, Se direction Sand horieoatt ep 5 Forradntion Sel the eet Topher verti anette tea reoethe ‘ie cretion of . ee einin ed strength may have components F, anf Tec ieee eR | Tn lec ernst ssp of 0 cemponeat Fr sampliee component 1. Acompete raion tenis the diensonl lid angie | secre and Por mclomentary pel snttcate eeearodmten term gent Aye Sin Eyosind | Oe Angle between the lf dpe | Thus wean dea the ld patornby varying, as thown in Fig. 82 | where, On ee etna Fundamental & Definitions etc antenna (vtotinsna patented Sig retin arn iy serie ane lene then ips ere patra i (ey Two-dimensional para when cat by © baron plane a he ener fee Fig 321, “Guo. | Describe the method of radiation pattern meanurement inthe Inb. (o)Halfof the thre dimensions “Anewor 1 Racinton strong i 2. ‘Theradlatio patternofanastenae the imenlna ute and ‘eedo meavareme! of elditenaty al werthe spt ene 4. Experimental setup to measure radaton pattern te Fran 4. ‘Thetrammltogstonals scaled os pimery antenna wl recving ‘tenn nclled ws serndnyanenaa 5. The tranrnitting antenna i fxd end he esi test rotated with the help of etating ha 6 Wiilecaryngou th meorsrement the dtans atnoe transiting 2nd receiving antenna shouldbe ret * wn tn tenon underAntenna & Wave Propagation ‘nam linear dimension of either her, de Nos = 1 Wavelet 2 Jatance between rena and recive Traneiting Resin Tracer ne] fa] ig 3.4, Rainn pater measurement, ptm measurement the antenna tating sa Far 10.6 = 90° ptr * tn ) pattern, the vn rescihtthentennbrntalan See Rin remediate vert Soin dec tg tected end, Queda] How the directivity ofany antenna is defined and why, sn between directivity and gain of an antenna ? isthe relat Define the folowing terms: Power dens reetivity Antenna gal 1. The maximum directive gain{sealledas directivity of an antenna and Ssdenoted by D. ‘Maximum radiation intensity of test antenna Direestys P= “cera radiation intensity of test antenna, fae d= Wan Tee, 2 The directivity of antenna is equal to the ratio of maximum power density At, 9), toits average value over a sphere as observed in the far Geld of an Sienna. | BAECS emg, 0A (8C5em6) to De Ma, Paw i, °" Tasraa ft 3 he poner dena ne Fld aregaree POET density is defioed ax power per unit area ‘The directivity an gain are related va Geto where, ‘be Eitieney tcor 0-1) Que35. | Explain beam eticency, Tower] 1 Bon tien ith ranch itary wed eds sully of rnsntngend eceringaneeas Foote iornbcanton vibes GeO) eters ae ad Poser transite er recsved) whim coe angle Beam efficiency = =e enelegy 7" Porertrnsmitedterrecmay “51 ‘yantenna whore, «alt angle of the cone within which the ercentage ofthe total power ita be fun Inthe termot beam area, the boar eicieney i defined asthe ratio of main beam area (fy) tothe ttal beam area (fy) te By, Main beam area By. , Main be 052) 1D, “Total beam area fan earn efficiency = ey = 8, Total beam area « Maia beam area + Minor Ibe area y= 0y +0, (353) 4. Dividing ea (25. by 0,STA Antenna & Wave Propagation 10 4, beam eels a FEIT Dervorctaionship beeneenetfertive aperture andcay area of on antenna. Tnewer | 1 etiveopertreis the rtioat power radiated invotts othe poyating * etor (Pot the incident wave Cater on antenna with an effective aperture A, which radiates a, onial pattern af beams aF€8 2: pertare, the power radiated is Ad ow 2 ofits powering) 8. Assuming uniform field over theo e pea ow 10) Z whore Zs intrisie impedance of medi. 44. Aseuming a uniform field i the fr fleld at adistancer, the power Fadited vole given by Ep e pe Era, wn 1362) 5 Fromeq.(26.1)ande9. (8.6.2) we get E=E AP sick the aperture-theamarea relation HeADy (mn?) 1363) 6. £4,026.) shows Aperture-beam area relation. where 0, = Beam area (s). Qaeaa. 1. Antenna beamsidth is defined as angular width in degrees ofthe ‘major lobes between the two direction at which radiated power er received power is one-half ofthe maximum power. ‘The relation between directivity and beamwidth is given by, Define beamwidth of an antenna. 8 Fromeq.(32.2,itiscleerthat marie directivity orgainafthe antenna ‘Queds, | Catcutate the directivity whose pattern is $=, sa sin, intensity. See Given:4=4, sin0sin'g be he beamwidth higher isthe ty fr a unidirectional source here, ismaximum radiation ToFind:D, Lue 020s ant o2¢ee We know, = Do, era where, 442 mssinunrtiatonnesiy Pye Taal power radia 2 Hence, cGecTE] A source has a cosine radiation Intensity slven Stas dante an em a ee me ens i ovind:Toalporerradtedeed 1. Forthetatl power radiate by the cosine ent iy over the upper bensspbere- wearply integzatin 5 jocovosnsndyest, ay soe explain the difference between them, newer | A. Diteotivegsin 1 Theestent te whieh prostia antenna con ‘lative to that of tome standard antenna 2 Thusthe dreetive grin G,)ina given directions defined as iretive ga tthe radiation intensity‘n tht dizetion to the average raised power Les, a particular direction “Average radiated power Indes, 80,2 agg o400) 3. Thedlectvegsinisaguatiye; ineipwer aad st me erent ih a Rieder pest an {in apace, It docs not depen ane” the dist incr the pve wn he ering i ss ee Sem T Thepewer pin ecEroaine i taper dey atte ‘Speedie ects bine dence ae al, 2: There pan soon ._Ditforonce between directive SNo| Power Gain in and power ain Divewive Gain Directive pin) edeinnd ax the ratio atthe radia Intensity in hat dretion he svergeralsted nee 1 [The power nin ty the ldetined ratio et power tensity rained he st antenna in particlar diccction to the pe rst edited rope antenna inthe nme direction PART-2 Directvity andl Resolution, Antenna Apertures, fective Height,SALA Cem) 1 aivectivity tye relation betwee Fevoltion, ar dat, | Derive al with tt ware rt rr aaatannnn etna sl Ha Por | 4 sl a ga) ximatly Inte lence man Paton on it fr which he arectity be XIN rw = et «(Raw sb Tanabe pant ote FBI fe i not se bse : “ ‘an a fan ge (| Hc pnt ro ah «oe aemamer otoe aamers ffm are ig “ a 2M mi ey wich amen nh ietaun a a wana oe i thee tta ee nett omy ke Aa we kaw er 8 enn wha shor ts seureia(2 2 na ma ter, Sgrteametet | nani (2 Patscanaaye? 1 ae eainyfrbeamares sen Soest ” Pay =e , daa » BED : Q) "= ana) Tn rm (2 anden (42 5 DN Putting value (A, am antenna ca tsare fs woes = inthe expen oD meget, se nummer of point source On 2. relation between effeetive aperture and guin | a2) 38's AB ILAY ‘Qae1 ] Deduce the relation bets xin | (") ay a a idee patold | ade tnt, an 1. Consider twoantennas as antenna Land antenna 2 Let the divetiites of ted D and D Assuse that thei mai tfctive areas are denoted by Ay Jan and (A, aun 0, from eq (3.12.5) and e (3.128 we ge,LARC Some, sata the antona ffciones. A directional aatenng Pec af 1M ee 8 fe wh dintton revistance Is 74 0 at Wy Redurrent 4 L088 ampere tect eninted Be Wyala tapat omer of #0 Tina Ue ANvoetive gan nvenna is denoted by 91 ney of santa etiteney «Am fey of antenna fs dened 9 * heearnat the at seer supped ta the tenn “ve Poworrtited Fe 1 ynatinpat power Fl 1, Numeric 160 Iygy™ L088 amp, AAW, Py OWE, Given yy “aw. To Pind Poe Giese 1 Aterna ceney, ae Fes 100 te Poe Hyg RoW. 088 74 = 87.59 fa Directive gai tego nse Sime < | femosnoavee Por istrpicraator, 14000 =] funsinvanay r, su p4A(BCSem) a Tihs el aerg tease ate den tage Ping ® 2 Intheotherwor th eft a te ots trcmiting antenna the phyllite the te 1p, 4 ihiteaeates, here 4, seine 4, = Piolo 1» Average carent T= Peak current ‘QueSAE.] Derive the relation between the effective height and ame] A. Relation between effective height and effective aperture Area: 1. Consider an antenna of radiation resistance R,ratcbed ait and 2 Thepower delivered tolosd, a5.)Antenna & Wave Propagation SABA Com, ¥.- ffectve hig at eet ; aingea 382) P= “iE sig 2. Powerintermsofefitive aperture sven a8 Posh, a wher A, = Bflestive aertare La ing vector Bet, s- Eepiyntne and Inte impedance of space? 0) 0454 4 8 1 R aeteenry. n= A 0809 «669% B Amenms eee FoR,” i100 iy,D Se «10 2 Diets Se = I, p-us (Dig, = Wg, Que346.] A transmitting antenna having effective height of 614A mtakes acurrentof50 A. ata wavelength of 6251. Find radiation resistance, power radiated by an antenna and antenna efficiency for R, = 500. (ARTO 2016-17, Marks 10 SGA CEC Sem) Given: y= 61.4, Ie TOP Ind 8 Pin. Nm. seo Paenat Reuag BS 2 Peto eee san oy, 280" 1824« 35100 wats ne pe tsa Reh weg Base ‘Gee BAF] Te radaton eae sty tose resistance is 10 ohms, Cy tennis 75 ohms and Airectvity fa ant (Dig, = log 18146 = 125848 PARTS The Radio Communication Lik, Pts Oi Dipole, Single-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Antenna ve Temperature, Aten Impedanee‘Questions-Anewert Tong Answer Type nnd Medium Answer Type Quertions yrnasion foro, “QuetaR | Derive Friles on Write short notes on the following: 1 Directivity and resolution The radio communiention tink on Derive the Frie formula for radio com ‘ART BOTS, Nari) smunieation lnk. (ART 2010-20, Movie 33 Tomer 1P Dtrettty and eslalon eter @.2.10,Fae 8-118, Ua {i Thera communication Unk Fi Formal): WF iat ewraratcmmonesion ak Le! htraamiter Red Fa araidngancnnncetectis apr fy 1 Nadie pavesngonteoa fective apart A ters Aon ory be raniting anemone tierce 4 komming tin the omit tena serps the power pr ‘iterate ethe rec estenn 2 = digew 0.183) Sie 44 Ifthe antenea hns gain @, he power per unit aren avaiable athe ‘rerivingntennn willbe ncreesed in proportion ax given by 18) 5-28.00 1 Nowtho power clleted iy the lsseas, mathe rei fccive aperture, FeaS,Aye ie ‘axes 6. Thegsinef the tmamitigatenna can boxed Ge tthe a8 pation = SS Substituting Atenas Fandameatal& Deftones ES So ‘What is mean by radiation pattern ofan teem folds from oncllating cipslcla daca Tamer] ‘Raaiaton pattern Refer 32, Page, Vata etd fom oncilatig dite: ct usconsier thatthe tpl shown a Py 238 hare efopene sig olatingepanddorsvintara ete ‘rithinstantneousopartion! sie ewmgantirrnces tate ‘ALtime = Othe charge ars sium separ a ‘maximum eclerationsahey rere eden 4 Atthisinstan th crvnt ize when becenes Pett tine he ‘harges removing overseas sshwsin ig 28 Lond tt pred of i they pss the plas torn 32 eee »(a) Wane rot moves As chares pas the ops te eld Site Fg 8.29: Osclating electric dipole consisting oftwe electric charges, detach and new ones of opposite sign are ee oe ca lent current J is a maximum and charge formed. At this time equiva scclorstion is 207. 5 Asthotime progresses to U2 peri ‘seshown in Fig 3.19.10) and Fig. 3.19.0), Guoda0.] Discus Impedance. he old continues to move vat antenna temperature and antenna on hort noteon antenna temperature, directivity and antenna Impedance. (ARTU 2015-16, Mark 10] on What is antenna gain, directivity, beam efficiency, and antes [ARTO 2017-18, Marke 10) Write impedance? A Antenna temperature; ‘em arena ete ero eter Ecce rhe peewee aera Somctninonetreareticona =o rth it rather the tempep iN tena temperature uscsed ermal eminent ptt no ae ‘The temperature of ide! antenna ‘elved by the antenna, the meas ofthe ite power ‘The nie Power recived fom an steang, esresed interme the bandage MPN T, can be where, ‘= Batamacene ata 1.98 10:98 B= Receiver bind te 2, at th antenna asa eect per The Then, the omer recived, {fom the source given by Pe SAD shore 82 Poverdeotyperattoatan, 4,» Bene operant roms (3201) neq (8202 vem, SAD IT or, = Me Antenna impedance: ‘An anteana impedance isthe impdane at he pit wher he trasmisen line caring owerinm be anein ee Since, a this point input tothe antenna issn thecfre sealed asantenna input impedance or singe at this impedance te poner {om the transmitter isfed so thisis ala komma fe po mpdance Alse at this impedance the transmision line operatso this known ‘as driving point impedance or terminal impedance ‘Now ifthe antenna [lossless and isolated, hen the snteaaa terminal impedance (Z,) is same as the selPimpedane 2, the antenna ‘Mathematically,BAIAECS eng, Rta 1c ttn Sr an Die sotenna i per es ransating antennae here ‘The ea empedane f Tipcdaecetrsame a rT japedance of the amen 6 Teed int terials of a8 om fone omit tol das cedinhe sero 1 nohing bu the impeta enna wit all other actene. pa measure of coupling Between two cir mite raagatse of Uae ratio ofthc ito defnes Ps corrent owing in thes rs Se rg tt facinating sete ie ns facial etal antennas presenti the nearby . inwctvity Refer Q.34, Page 3-64, Ua “Antena gain: Refer Q-3, Page SSA, ait. Tena effcieney Refer @.85, Page 6d, Usit- ete rancectrcal sea infedinanetwor To sgnal to sive ray San ag poneta emi per Ts mos eri nied eda mesure the detection apalty fhe syste vic ratiosTaitstheratioaf power radiated inthe dsr eet ated inte opps direction. Ths rainy eae ersten antennas ae tobe cated to laminate areas tcnsand aren close proximity asineaseof lin of Guedai_] explain in dotall Induction feta (near-field) and Aion field (far-field) (magnetic field only) applicable te RES alternating eurvent element Tower ] 1. There is only on conmpnent for the magnetic fed fn sien by " = Manel nino forinee et) eaty 222AECSem 6) = Tieton othe he eg lata (8.2. tacoma cay Fors <6, the intrine pat 8, ‘olin Geli inte where afr U8, he Be z i z a ovrely ropr fan felt i ae ead fr eg gl dain stant or sore " Thisrdisionhacagretsigafncee oe 6 Whendistanceis anal i int ta Indcnestie cme ace Sat editing Tater coment. eldest Titer 4 fallin ele nti men te don try seater raaees os " “FeTIE cnet thecece spears wena cmntovsone marcus trramane pone Incldent power density of 2 min, ces [RI ore. nara o7] newer Given :D=2e,/*120Hs,Py 22 niin? ‘ToFind : fective Apertare\) Power recived). 1. Weave “a2 D an! he So Bee Prem em (ant “DH 2 etective Aperture, Ape Hesse power ower desty 9041Antenna 8 29 Ce VERY IMPORTANT QUESTIONS Following questions are very important. Thene quentiony [Pemrnay be aaked In your SBSSIONALS 0 l WWERSITY EXAMINATION. ‘ofan antenna te defined andl what fy srctety ad gain of an antenna 7 incettlty Aherelation between di fang Retr and power gsin in detall and also 1.2. Define directives xplaimthe difference betoreen them. fan Refer. 310 sperture in dete and also derive an cxprension sho Intfon tween effective aperture sind directivity of sm antenna. anc Refer Qai2, Q4, Explain the: eae aettnied power of |-1AW, when it i fed with a {Cerminal input power of 90 WM red power loss, (i rople radiator. Derive thereation between theeffectiveheightand effective Pecrture areas Am antenna has m radiation resistance of TRo'chas a ions resistance of 18 ohm nnd a power gain of outs Calculate antenna effieieney and its directivity. ‘awe: Refer 315 0.6. Derive the Frise formula for radio communication link. Anz Refer Q.3.18. ar 1s about antenna tempers ‘ant Refer 9.320. eo =—————_| poet + Etec Dip Ehetsc Dita The pei — (of Short Dips” PMY Ba sg pared + adiaion Resitese “Eletrie Dipl. This Let —— 34 anu dete, Hes pared + Army ofa Devas 2 Elewests + Browarly Case M104 sed Endive Cae “ Partel + Horizontal Antetnas Abo Plane Ground, Vera)” *— Antennas Above 9 Plate Great + YoriUda Antensa Des Longwive Aateanan. Pelded Dipole Aatesea hn eae Ah essa HIAECSem6)2AUECSem-6) Desig Antenna & Wave Prop ee mer) © tine © enlace page ‘Blectre Dipoles, The Short Electric Dipole, The Fits of sintolda nnd sete inne eligi “eit etl rth tetany bat oven! #*¥Ce ia th cure mpl ne rom curentvatnge relation na 4. Saetnnch dae osclting electric inh ey, maybe aa tim wwe etn aoa | anette ota ete ei a od ETT] sey extn ahr let apt more ‘eorpmt kh Tower | ‘rye tatu gM MP (21. T rnd a coshort that current may be asurned tok, 2. Thonthes compenentaetnnc’ re ompenent Ayte. the of rtarded yee ecoregion by, Tien tment = ‘eet, uch hart near conductor ieee Mle ae Bp Me Be onatant througout ie saci 2 ers apein he 13-bit, a Ashcroft a am sree tare err | where, tage fecumulated. Abort i own as elemental dipole ane "dn lenath ofthe short dipoe i vanishingly smal, the try LI pEaeereatnapt In Feakvalse inte efeuent, a me aateemcice im ca stplisiialyimqeuralcondionandthemomentacarrs;| .Ifr>>Tandi>> thansarecdagucey erp an ratte cea ippetaadie ttre ce se of Field contribution eset he aate a ies ae aay theother deficit beenuse current ina lw of eles ener wi be a voltage etiveen two halves of dipole 7 When the carzent changes it dtetion this charge unbalanced wi, fit be nestralized and then changed 4a h ae eth h ™ I PABA Geomety fr share dpe, J. w tm = Finda,Anton Design “A Hlenceoq (42: enn be redveed nen J perience na 4 eadasarpot Veron anton sar 029 veaghs wer, y= Retarded careedesty dv lntesinatvatume eee a Pert foe Pe cine ale under eslderation scene rd Then 23) beceee 6. Sincetheregonofei at the points at thee 8 Whenr>> the ines connecting the end of dipole and pint Pane ‘onnideredas parallel euch that. eoso 2 Antenna & Wave Propagation wnt on 6438. Nea ron dp 9 Suing evaeste mayne sot : — B= taleosae 9) ne, 27) a singer, a ele fase) 10. Sie, fi = ve where, Uxd= #2 [ae _a) *. w (S-e"eg) en ea abeie acceaca eee es pee ate ‘Ved andhence H lave only $companent, a Llsin oe" ‘Thus, fel from dipole have only tree components EE, and Hy PART-2 Radiation Resistance of Short Electre Dipole, Thin Linear Antenna, Radiation Resistance of J2 Antenne,‘Anwnece Type Questions ‘Long Answer Type and Medium ria OF ‘A. Lincarantenna: Any antenna with as ingle oxipt collects only one Uifkerwepunszations from an electromagnet nave, 1B, Derivation | 1 The radiation resistance of the short dipele can be determined ty Fees Rng vector ofthe far fede alange eee Bain ER pes radiated. Ths power i then equated tof" where 1 Besta dipole and ova resistance calle radiation, 2 “There eating eter 8 sso Arete aa 4. Mf compen ae yeti teraalcononn Bvmar cr 432) aye beg setere Ban arco 4. Teta components related einen impedence Deda He 8 40a) 5. Teta power Praitdisthen given pia trtsinoavay waa) where, eh beng A438) a & Wave Propagating see subeiotingn 430) au eters 435) TACEC-Sem.6) rod fenn. ay ep ‘Tre double inter eqats gon, . re Bene Gees le ‘Taerefors,P must be equ as 8 Tipe ple nes ares oth Aa eg ge teeta on tt pl. Sipote. Thus, cad cum Mae. (uy scart faving ee solving FR, 439 s Forstorvtenin ITE Te a7 999 (429) becomes 2 00¢ (2) see ener Goode | Derive the expression of satenna fr feta for a Peta ease! rs ne eet 2. The antenna may be of any length bet it bens distribution is sinusoidal. that the current ieee eee Sr fil nie et current at any Mets way snhere, sin [25(1...)] =o [E (fs) mec tect emtSSS sen08& War Popp, ea 2 Hence, the oat integral ot Pop ai aponatlo “2A ECsem.6) Tr y ney te setce 7 Tre areas Pong eee he " a ety, 145.2) Be BIA am, 445.3) eens wr nn, a ee Taal ai eiatanaar cet 4h tera, 4 Mamecateerein (ss) bmetmndstmma (hf ‘sed. Considering the antenna is made up of «serie fifi ‘pote of ener = These ld fr etre anton tn be oalne yatta {fields from all of the dipotes which is given by the fatten 4 Uasinges 450,721 (Zen er se) Poa= 20 Fe ied 5 Using 09. (4.54) nen. as: “58 where, tide he O52, meget By C642) and eg (A gh fli and Bo sme Parl eter entenon een. oreo (Feas}l snce of a NE antensa operatingata frequency of 20M, ‘on inear antenna and also derive the radiation [ARTO 201716, Mar Tomer | AL Thin linear antenna: Rafer Q, 44, Page 4-7A, Unite. B, Radiation resistance of 2 antenns ao 5 Sine, Po Tae, M86 an Comparing e9.(4.5.5)andea. 45.8) eget 4 R= Toke ta,AqeaSqeord eRe Geen Peg eT aA, Ty tg et, suas prope = wws="z epmginne eieedye aydpupd Sortidde fg gy “qq oomesenp ony Soafoan ITEHEOD =F ye ‘z= @"2 an ty =ery Sq uass secede ‘mip souesp afin] © 38 poe ¢ Sonsmy © ee yosmTe oN Pen Hi Sag (@)ig Saesuersy Plas ay EGL Hoye seen 39 pEnses oT Zijeceup suugeror i "vrasedsang opeyfeare ip pe=Ne A] E en augereamqer ome auempen mp RNpEL Tj enRETENRE T serge pyar comp os aT TF SE SE EE Tp aaman eg ATT zeny smysee sre sonp om 7 ‘spispeosg 03 wsayyed ploy 205 worssazdx> oq} AOC srvead 1 amma quarry a ES — (a (hi peg ans a ee eave sey? PUL OL wets Te Stre= PEED seasuy -souatouyo #11 puw a, ae S Seed a es Car Fenn Std gy Se 44 Peydas as eyo? Sted pg ee topper oS may Tore ALIN wesw VI aadzo om sr(rr) Vd Pay sy gry = ye agar Buoy ox cst eauanET toa aD V “oF ond oneBedaag oavyg @ eau Gmgwony omsow VOrry sunece 030) cose 2 poe Ah Sind azgacotnste el mtr Beer, a mer a y ag utasindgaier flees arr jonfor field pattern fer _xpression for 2 ny ET ome ori asiven element Tarver Farr ear cst te Code mg er seh ang dk, Se rns sown in Fig. 4.8.1. rent in apes Dee intensity (a8 fonctnel ea tee See feptlginetome sialon Fi Beant involving ditanee D mere Ae Terai ore pe ie + ete smally nara smn feel ec i ewes en on ewer (224) quer tition sp 4 Braplvne rine : ip 4 ! Fig. A81. de array of linear 12 lerente with foereaiseFequl magnitude but opposite phase. 5 Menor el itnsity fr horizontal plane at fargedas? roa the aay de Wave Propagstion Aisacecsem-) nasi) z senso fd siete attra rain pater ven, the field intensity £0) as 9 func ‘Tesremtat distance Dinvertel plane ssc yr 8 Peale ME 40) = £208 (61 2080) sind stern B,9(0)88afusction of invert cae urine tinreict lag oro trent (0) = 2B, i ( sin 0 aT) in = 0) mB ines 0) re ing 0) ey 2 oer ple tres 0 = Peas! 2on (dine td ‘ is i tho absolute fel pater in vrticl plano and tho rolaive ‘iS ies ini 482 an and trl lg, 4.82. Fel patteons for end-Reeoreayof2 nar ext ghase 12 ‘ltment with spacing d= 12that oe PART A vn Hove Plone Ground, Vert riser pings Avooe 0 Pane ‘Ground. nswer Type Question, ee | wee oats ‘Answer antenna thats located at Height he Peau a oh cme, tc pe ists in an on = rondueting then the tangential eo 2 igre ae ure, To fall Bibs eee raves aoe rer altro oe F eqound ig. 494Morinaal)/2antenna at eighth bee ground wk haps egal dstane below round. 2 Tocbtain te field at point P method of images is utilized ‘Poll. the round is eeplacedby an image ofthe antennas istane below the provad plane as shown in Fig. 482. "Then br considering the curent ithe image equal in mais overlie Ly 160" with respect toantenna current, thee zoo tangential electri field fe raet at all points wong # 7° trergubere equidistant from the antenna and the ios ‘antenna & Wave Pr 16. iit tne of ged ic magpie In new Ti emarhanton tl tee she ees ttn rod rettecriealcnintusioeelio cates & ‘rodistant paint Image mento 2 Fig 492. Asta above gro with image Showing diet aad etched wave= Gust AO] Explain the effect of ground earth) on vertical patter of antenna. Taawer ihn antenna located at sbout 82 length sbove the ground may be Bouaored tbe infroe space. However, i practic, tha snot alway {RiSand hence the radiation patterns are ound te be much affected by etlection fom ground. ‘2, Influence of ground depends on the ft, whether the antenna is ‘[etuatly grounded or merely situated near the ground. So, there are Geo types of tntennas: 1. Ungrounded antennas (ground assumed to be a perfect ‘comductor)¢ nis put near a reflecting surface, the radiation USsivedt any distant point athe vector sum efthe direct and indirect {ies reflected from the ground) radiations. 2. Usingthe prinipl of mage, simplify the situation toa gretextent. 18 andumed thet an image antennais existing below the ground and is {ture mirror image ofthe actual antenna as shown in Fig 4.10.1, 13, The currents flowing inthe image now have the same magnitude 2s that etactual antenna. The overall adiation isealeulated onthe bs stlveing caused by an aay of two nearby antennas 4. These are identical in length having equal currents in mageitudes and tire spaced by twice the height of eetusl antenns above ground.cht te at sent on simon yeas. Ur Fe aan ieatnc ees 9 the ee ae aor al ee teeter Jere ane eee in th Teer zeit nage 70 seein othe eae. sf grande eto | Chie For exam SNSEbdtei tei Seb 2 Uae ante ‘hres ndarentdsiuton ems Dialers ‘he Marconi antenna Viet anton hat al Sereieneaartntesnrounde ‘Greunlpaysoninperant lon producing required characterises STARE cect ut be econo. Vawitde Antenna Design, Longuire Antennas, Folded Dipte tenn resuing behaviour wherees the roa rebar ofthe gronsed Trades antenna thd ats the eective size ofthe ata) it antenna effectively hx tena sksownas the she same asin thatthe one important advantage aver te Ia eit of the antenna (Mertz antenna toed eqn Wave Proaition satacecsom ———— SS Tong Answer Type anil Medium Annwer Type Quettion= —_———a———SSE SS With ana ketch explain the onstruction and working Fomver | a yot-Uda antenns A anor simply Yas aienne a Yel re the most hich gain “eginae and are known after te names t Prt 8, Ud and H- Ya fp, tte working and construction: 3 fheondtsafndiven clement retector and one or more dirctors. eetGrieentonna san rea of driven clement (or stiva samen YES. T le power from the transmitter fed whch feds Yeoived rece tot receiver and exer more perastieclementat.egonive Retmente wich are ot connected drei othe transessin hie bt ‘Serial coupe. ‘in = Ratestr tp Dy = Deven seen (5 Director (pera lenient) omeat, Fig. dutta) Youd antenna, (8 te radiation paterAte Le ee i aust clement nareconathalfwave ipl of metal. ore i operation. Te paras wont Teas foe fc cores rollin wre arangd canary and eave together yg, iol oyna nln cre : a reemtetintontetmg Didier whee ees es cre en ie ane eee Tenth 1 gancomay bvared by dimensioning the length of re ye cen driven and Pranic sen Rt leaent he rent aeot the order of /10k«, 030 tog yae™ a oun in ont fies men om 5. Te pam ny be ore than Or, whereas the element ght oon sft angen wether gy, 8 Beles tn ts dron cmon wh esata re 500 eet Refit leneth = Fam 15 ot leogth = 475 fot Deven clement leneth = rs 455, rector length = S85 fect Director esgth = Feycray C. Propertion: 1 eiagenerally afte frequency operated unt, This antennas freee fenstive and the bandwidth of 3 can be easily obtained Sud tnandvith ie ulicient fr television reception. 2 The bandwidth of 2% to 3 ean be easily achioved ifthe spa Intween the elements is between 0.1 to 1.92. 8 Thegala ofthe Yogi-Uda antenna is about 7 to 8B. Is front ta ratios 20, 4. The Yagi-Uda antenna i ight weight, low cost and simple‘ ede wth ig ‘Ques12:] Explain Yagi-Uda antenna and design a S-diplet ‘YouUida array for operation at 600 MEIz. ARTO 3018-10, on netam, designing A Yosi-Uida antenna eter a. jp. Numerical: MPO Ung, Given f= 600s, Toei Ol a6. Aten, 1, ASODBIEFegsony, the wardeagy da Sn Seg Goon igt" OS 2 The dimensions tte element dangth ofthe rector e04tay rg net {tenth ofthe driven ment = 040. tenet ofeach ofthe deer 2146. 04tn0 = 0.25) = 0.25%06009, “ © suchen neat O31. = 0.31 0.6 «0.186 m = Sica betweonconseetve dean = 03113021 ~06-0186m i Diameter ofelement «000.2001 noes ae ‘WeATS, ] Obtain theroug! having « 0.5 with 0= 60 degree, Given :2.= 100m, 0% 0.5,0 60" ‘To Find : Roughsess We know sean eroesoan 8-0216m Re seoriaan, 424045 «sing? 100