Grade 10

Mathematics
Exam Important Questions
 Statistics
Statistics: Important Questions

Topic : Exam Important Questions

1.
The lengths of 40 leaves of a plant are measured correct to the nearest millimeter, and the data obtained is
represented in the following table:

Length (in mm) N umber of leaves fi

118 − 126 3

127 − 135 5

136 − 144 9

145 − 153 12

154 − 162 5

163 − 171 4

172 − 180 2

Find the median length of the leaves.

(5 marks)

The given data does not have continuous class intervals. We can observe that difference between two
class intervals is 1. So, we have to add and subtract 1

2
= 0.5 from upper-class limits and lower class limits
respectively.

Now, continuous class intervals with respective cumulative frequencies can be represented as below:

Length (in mm) N umber of leaves fi Cumulative f requency

117.5 − 126.5 3 3

126.5 − 135.5 5 3 + 5 = 8

135.5 − 144.5 9 8 + 9 = 17

144.5 − 153.5 12 17 + 12 = 29

153.5 − 162.5 5 29 + 5 = 34

162.5 − 171.5 4 34 + 4 = 38

171.5 − 180.5 2 38 + 2 = 40

(2 marks)

From the table, we observe that cumulative frequency just greater then is 29, belonging to
n 40
(i. e. = 20)
2 2

class interval 144.5 - 153.5.

Median class = 144.5 - 153.5 __(1 mark)

Lower limit l of median class = 144.5

Class size h = 9

Frequency f of median class = 12

n
−c
2 f

Cumulative frequency cf of class preceding median class = 17, M edian = l + (

f
) × h

20−17
= 144.5 + ( ) × 9
12

9
= 144.5 + = 146.75
4

So, median length of leaves is 146.75 mm. __(2 marks)

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Statistics: Important Questions

2. Identify the modal class, the upper limit of the modal class and the lower limit of the modal class for the
given data.

Age (in years) 5 − 15 15 − 25 25 − 35 35 − 45 45 − 55 55 − 65

N umber of patients 6 11 21 23 14 5

[2 Marks]
The class with the maximum frequency is the modal class.
For the given data, class 35-45 has the highest frequency of 23.
So, 35-45 is the modal class.
[1 Mark]

The lower limit of the modal class is 35 and the upper limit is 45.
[1 Mark]

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Statistics: Important Questions

3.
The following table gives the distribution of the life time of 400 neon lamps:

Lif e time (in hours) N umber of lamps

1500 − 2000 14

2000 − 2500 56

2500 − 3000 60

3000 − 3500 86

3500 − 4000 74

4000 − 4500 62

4500 − 5000 48

Find the median life time of a lamp.

(5 Marks)

We can find the cumulative frequencies with their respective class intervals as below:

Lif e time N umber of lamps (fi ) Cumulative f requency

1500 − 2000 14 14

2000 − 2500 56 14 + 56 = 70

2500 − 3000 60 70 + 60 = 130

3000 − 3500 86 130 + 86 = 216

3500 − 4000 74 216 + 74 = 290

4000 − 4500 62 290 + 62 = 352

4500 − 5000 48 352 + 48 = 400

T otal (n) 400

(1 Mark)
400
Now, we may observe that cumulative frequency just greater than is 216 belonging to
n
(i. e. , = 200)
2 2

class interval 3000 - 3500.

Median class = 3000 - 3500

Lower limit l of median class = 3000

Frequency f of median class = 86

Cumulative frequency c of class preceding median class = 130 Class size h = 500 __(2 marks)
f

n
−c
2 f

M edian = l + ( ) × h
f

200−130
= 3000 × ( ) × 500
86

70×500
= 3000 +
86

= 3000 + 406.98

= 3406.98

So, median life time of lamps is 3406.98 hours. __(2 marks)

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Statistics: Important Questions

4.
If the median of the distribution given below is 28.5, find the values of x and y.

Class interval F requency

0 − 10 5

10 − 20 x

20 − 30 20

30 − 40 15

40 − 50 y

50 − 60 5

T otal 60

(5 Marks)

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Statistics: Important Questions
We may find the cumulative frequency for the given data as following:

Class interval F requency Cumulative f requency

0 − 10 5 5

10 − 20 x 5 + x

20 − 30 20 25 + x

30 − 40 15 40 + x

40 − 50 y 40 + x + y

50 − 60 5 45 + x + y

T otal(n) 60

(1 Mark)

It is clear that, n = 60

45 + x + y = 60

x + y = 15 (1)

Median of data is given as 28.5 which lies in interval 20 - 30.

So, median class = 20 - 30

Lower limit l of median class = 20

Cumulative frequency c of class preceding the median class = 5 + x

f

Frequency f of median class = 20

Class size h = 10 __(2 marks)

n
−cf
2
N ow, median = l + ( ) × h
f

60
−(5+x)
2
28.5 = 20 + [ ] × 10
20

25−x
8.5 = ( )
2

17 = 25 - x

x=8

From equation (1)

8 + y = 15

y=7

Hence, values of x and y are 8 and 7 respectively. __(2 marks)

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Statistics: Important Questions

5.
A survey was conducted on 20 families in a locality by a group of students. What will be the mode of the
data?

Age of family member 0 − 20 20 − 40 40 − 60 60 − 80 80 − 100

Number of students 7 8 2 2 1

[2 Marks]

We know,
f −f
Mode = l + [ 1

2f1 −f0 −f2

0
] × h

[1 Mark]

Here, modal class is 20-40 since it is the class with the highest frequency.
f1 = 8, f0 = 7, f2 = 2, l = 20, h = 20

8−7
∴ Mode = 20 + [ 2×8−7−2
] × 20 = 22.86

[1 Mark]

6.
The following data shows monthly savings of 100 families . Calculate the mode of the given frequency
distribution.

M onthly savings(Rs) N umber of f amilies

1000 − 2000 14

2000 − 3000 15

3000 − 4000 21

4000 − 5000 27

5000 − 6000 25

[2 marks]

Modal class is 4000-5000 within

f1 = 27, f = 21, f = 25, I = 4000, h = 1000

0 2

f −f
Mode = l + 1

2f −f −f
0
× h __(1 mark)
1 0 2

Mode = 4000 + 1000

6
×
8

= 4750 __(1 mark)

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Statistics: Important Questions

7.
The following distribution shows the daily pocket allowance of children of a locality. The mean pocket
allowance is Rs.18. Find the missing frequency f.

Daily pocket allowance (in Rs) 11 − 13 13 − 15 15 − 17 17 − 19 19 − 21 21 − 23 23 − 25

Number of workers 7 6 9 13 f 5 4

[3 marks]

We may find class mark x for each interval by using the relation:
i

Upper class limit + lower class limit

xi =
2

Given that mean pocket allowance x = Rs.18 i

Now taking 18 as assured mean a we may calculate d and f d as following. i i i

Daily pocket allowance (in Rs) Number of workers fi Class mark xi di = xi − 18 fi d i

11 − 13 7 12 −6 −42

13 − 15 6 14 −4 −24

15 − 17 9 16 −2 −18

17 − 19 13 18 0 0

19 − 21 f 20 2 2f

21 − 23 5 22 4 20

23 − 25 4 24 6 24

T otal ∑ fi = 44 + f 2f − 40

(1.5 marks)

From the table we may obtain:

∑ fi = 44 + f

∑ fi di = 2f − 40

∑ fi d i
x̄ = a +
∑ fi

2f −40
18 = 18 + ( )
44+f

2f − 40 = 0

2f = 40

f = 20

Hence, the missing frequency 'f' is 20.

(1.5 marks)

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8.
A survey was conducted by a group of students as a part of their environment awareness programme, in
which they collected the following data regarding the number of plants in 20 houses in a locality. Find the
mean number of plants per house.

Number of plants 0 − 2 2 − 4 4 − 6 6 − 8 8 − 10 10 − 12 12 − 14

Number of Houses 1 2 1 5 6 2 3

(3 marks)

Let us find class marks (x ) for each interval by using the relation:
i

Upper class limit + lower class limit

Class Mark (x_i) =
2

Now we may compute x i

and fi xi as following

Number of plants Number of Houses (fi ) xi fi xi

0 − 2 1 1 1 × 1 = 1

2 − 4 2 3 2 × 3 = 6

4 − 6 1 5 1 × 5 = 5

6 − 8 5 7 5 × 7 = 35

8 − 10 6 9 6 × 9 = 54

10 − 12 2 11 2 × 11 = 22

12 − 14 3 13 3 × 13 = 39

T otal 20 162

(2 marks)

From the table we may observe that:

∑ fi xi 162
M ean (x̄) = = = 8.1
20
∑ fi

So, mean number of plants per house is 8.1. (1 mark)

We have used the direct method as values of class marks (x ) and f are small. i i

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9.
The marks obtained by 40 students in class X of a certain school in a math paper of 50 marks total are
presented in the table. Find the mean using direct method.

Class I nterval 0 − 10 10 − 20 20 − 30 30 − 40 40 − 50

N umber of students 3 4 13 15 5

[3 Marks]

Class mark for first class interval = 5

Similarly the class mark for each class interval can be found. Look at the table.

Class I nterval N umber of students (fi ) Classmark (xi ) fi xi

0 − 10 3 5 15

10 − 20 4 15 60

20 − 30 13 25 325

30 − 40 15 35 525

40 − 50 5 45 225

T otal ∑ fi = 40 ∑ fi xi = 1150

[2 Marks]
∑ fi x i
∴ M ean =
∑ fi

5×3 + 15×4 + 25×13 + 35×15 + 45×5

=
40

1150
=
40

= 28.75

[1 Mark]

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10.
Find the median

Find the mode of the following data.

xi 10 14 18 21 25

fi 10 15 7 9 9

[4 marks]

∑ fi =50 i.e there are 50 observations.

So the median is the average of the 25th and 26th observations.
The 25th observation is 14 and the 26th observation is 18.
(14+18)
Thus, the median is 2
= 16.
[2 marks]

Mode of a given data is the number repeated more number of times.In the given data highest frequency
(15)is for x =14.
i

∴ mode=14

[2 marks]

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