CHAPTER

Statistics 14
YOURSELF SOLUTIONS

1. Let us construct the following table for the given data. 4. Let us construct the following table for the given data.

Class-interval Frequency Class mark f i xi Class- Frequency Class di fidi

(fi) (xi) interval (fi) mark (xi) = xi – 175
0 - 50 8 25 –150 –1200
0 - 10 8 5 40
50 - 100 15 75 –100 –1500
10 - 20 10 15 150 100 - 150 32 125 –50 –1600
20 - 30 9 25 225 150 - 200 26 175 = a(let) 0 0
200 - 250 12 225 50 600
30 - 40 12 35 420
250 - 300 7 275 100 700
40 - 50 11 45 495 Total Σfi = 100 Σfidi
= –3000
Total Σfi = 50 Σfixi = 1330
∑ f i di  −3000 
∑ f i xi 1330 \ Mean = a + = 175 +  = 175 – 30 = 145
\ Mean = = = 26.6 ∑ fi  100 
∑ fi 50
2. Let us construct the following table for the given 5. Let us construct the following table for the given data.
data. Class- Frequency Class di fi di
Class-interval Frequency Class fixi interval (fi) mark (xi) = xi – 39
(fi) mark (xi) 18 - 24 12 21 –18 –216
100 - 120 10 110 1100 24 - 30 16 27 –12 –192
30 - 36 24 33 –6 –144
120 - 140 20 130 2600
36 - 42 16 39 = a(let) 0 0
140 - 160 30 150 4500 42 - 48 8 45 6 48
160 - 180 15 170 2550 48 - 54 4 51 12 48
Total Σfi = 80 Σfidi
180 - 200 5 190 950 = –456
Total Σfi = 80 Σfixi = 11700
Σf i di  −456 
\ Mean = a + = 39 + 
 80  = 39 – 5.7 = 33.3
∑ f i xi 11700 Σf i
\ Mean = = = 146.25
∑ fi 80 6. Let us construct the following table for the given data.
3. The frequency distribution table from the given
data can be drawn as: Class- Frequency Class di fidi
interval (fi) mark (xi) = xi – 35
Class Class Frequency
f ix i 0 - 10 4 5 –30 –120
interval mark (xi) (fi)
0-2 1 1 1 10 - 20 4 15 –20 –80
20 - 30 7 25 –10 –70
2-4 3 2 6
30 - 40 20 35 = a(let) 0 0
4-6 5 3 15
40 - 50 12 45 10 120
6-8 7 p 7p 50 - 60 8 55 20 160
8 - 10 9 2 18 60 - 70 5 65 30 150
∑fi = 8 + p ∑fixi = 40 + 7p Total Σfi = 60 Σfidi
= 160
Σf i xi 40 + 7 p
\ Mean, x = ⇒ 5= ∑ f i di 160
Σf i 8+ p \ Mean = a + = 35 + = 35 + 2.67 = 37.67
⇒ 40 + 5p = 40 + 7p ⇒ p = 0 ∑ fi 60
2 100 PERCENT Mathematics Class-10
7. Here, h = 10 10. Here, class intervals are not in inclusive form. So,
Now, let us construct the following table for the given data. we first convert them in inclusive form by subtracting 0.5
Class- Frequency Class xi − a from the lower limit and adding 0.5 to the upper limit of
ui = fi u i
interval (fi) mark (xi) h each class. The given frequency distribution in inclusive
0 - 10 12 5 –2 –24 form is as follows.
10 - 20 11 15 –1 –11 Age (in years) Number of cases
20 - 30 8 25 = a(let) 0 0
4.5 - 14.5 6
30 - 40 10 35 1 10
14.5 - 24.5 11
40 - 50 9 45 2 18
24.5 - 34.5 21
Total Σfi = 50 Σfiui
= –7 34.5 - 44.5 23
 ∑ f i ui  44.5 - 54.5 14
\ Mean = a +  ×h
 ∑ f i  54.5 - 64.5 5
 −7  We observe that the class 34.5 - 44.5 has the maximum
= 25 +   × 10 = 25 – 1.4 = 23.6
50 frequency. So, it is the modal class.
8. Here, h = 10 \ l = 34.5, h = 10, f1 = 23, f0 = 21 and f2 = 14
Now, let us construct the following table for the given data.  f1 − f0 
Now, mode = l +  ×h
Class- Frequency Class xi - a fi u i  2 f 1 − f 0 − f 2 
u =
interval (fi) mark (xi) i h  23 − 21  20
25 - 35 6 30 –2 –12 = 34.5 +   × 10 = 34.5 +
2 × 23 − 21 − 14 11
35 - 45 10 40 –1 –10
= 34.5 + 1.81 = 36.31
45 - 55 8 50 = a(let) 0 0
55 - 65 12 60 1 12 11. From the given data, we observe that, highest frequency
65 - 75 4 70 2 8 is 32, which lies in the class interval 10 - 15.
\ Modal class is 10 - 15.
Total Σfi = 40 Σfiui = –2
So, l = 10, h = 5, f0 = 24, f1 = 32, f2 = 28
 ∑ f i ui   −2  f1 − f0 
\ Mean = a +   × h = 50 +   × 10 
 ∑ f i  40 \ Mode = l +  ×h
 2 f 1 − f 0 − f 2 
= 50 – 0.5 = 49.5
 32 − 24 
9. Let the assumed mean be a = 1150. = 10 +   ×5
2 × 32 − 24 − 28 
Given, h = 100
8 40
Now, the frequency distribution table from the given = 10 + × 5 = 10 + = 10 + 3.33 = 13.33
data can be drawn as : 64 − 52 12
12. Here, mode = 340 which lies in the interval 300-400.
Class Class Frequency u = x i − a
i f iu i \ Modal class = 300-400
Interval mark (xi) (fi) h
800-900 850 10 –3 –30  1f −f0 
Now, Mode = l +  ×h
900-1000 950 15 –2 –30  2 f1 − f0 − f2 
1000-1100 1050 8 –1 –8  20 − x 
⇒ 340 = 300 +  × 100
1100-1200 1150 12 0 0  2 × 20 − x − 14 
1200-1300 1250 x 1 x  20 − x 
⇒ 340 − 300 =  × 100 ⇒ 6x = 96 ⇒ x = 16
1300-1400 1350 5 2 10  26 − x 
1400-1500 1450 3 3 9 13. From the given data, we observe that the highest
Total ∑fi = 53 + x ∑fiui frequency is 60, which lies in the class interval 40 - 50.
= x – 49
\ Model class is 40 - 50.
 Σf u  So, l = 40, h = 10, f0 = 50, f1 = 60, f2 = 40.
Now, mean = a +  i i  × h
 Σfi   f1 − f0 
\ Mode = l +  ×h
 x − 49   2 f 1 − f 0 − f 2 
⇒ 1080 = 1150 + × 100
 53 + x 
 60 − 50  10
⇒ –70 (53 + x) = 100x – 4900 = 40 +   × 10 = 40 + × 10
2 × 60 − 50 − 40  120 − 90
⇒ –3710 – 70x = 100x – 4900 ⇒ 1190 = 170x
1190 100
⇒ x= =7 = 40 + = 40 + 3.33 = 43.33
170 30
Statistics 3
14. The cumulative frequency table for the given data is Number of Number Cumulative
as follows : students of days (fi) frequency (c.f.)
Age (in years) Number of students 5 1 1
(Cumulative frequency) 6 5 1+5=6
Less than 12 3 7 11 6 + 11 = 17
8 14 17 + 14 = 31
Less than 14 3 + 18 = 21
9 16 31 + 16 = 47
Less than 16 21 + 13 = 34 10 13 47 + 13 = 60
Less than 18 34 + 12 = 46 11 10 60 + 10 = 70
12 70 70 + 70 = 140
Less than 20 46 + 7 = 53
13 4 140 + 4 = 144
Less than 22 53 + 27 = 80 15 1 144 + 1 = 145
15. Given distribution is more than type distribution. 18 1 145 + 1 = 146
Here, we observe that 82 students obtained marks more than 20 1 146 + 1 = 147
or equal to 10. Further since 72 students have obtained marks Here, n = 147, which is odd.
more than or equal to 20. So, 82 – 72 = 10 students lie in the th th
 n + 1  147 + 1 
interval 10 - 20. Similarly, we can find the other classes and \ Median =   =  
2  2 
their corresponding frequencies. Now, we construct the th
= 74 observation = 12
continuous grouped frequency distribution as : (Q74th observation lie in the cumulative frequency 140)
Marks Number of students 18. The cumulative frequency table for the given data can
be drawn as:
10 - 20 82 – 72 = 10
Variable Frequency (fi) Cumulative frequency
20 - 30 72 – 58 = 14 (c.f.)
15 - 25 8 8
30 - 40 58 – 43 = 15
25 - 35 10 18
40 - 50 43 – 23 = 20 35 - 45 x 18 + x
50 - 60 23 – 11 = 12 45 - 55 25 43 + x
55 - 65 40 83 + x
More than or equal to 60 11 65 - 75 y 83 + x + y
16. We make the class-intervals as below 240, 240 - 270, 75 - 85 15 98 + x + y
270 - 300, 300 - 330, 330 - 360, 360 - 390, 390 - 420. 85 - 95 7 105 + x + y
From given distribution, we observe that 1 factory Total Sfi = 105 + x + y
consume electricity less than 240 kW. So, the frequency Since, median is 58, which lies in the interval 55 - 65.
of class-interval below 240 is 1. Further, there are \ Median class is 55 - 65.
4 factories which consume electricity less than 270 kW. Also, sum of frequencies is 140.
Therefore, number of factories which consume electricity n 140
\ = = 70 , f = 40 and c.f. = 43 + x
in the interval 240 - 270 is 4 – 1 = 3. Similarly, we can 2 2
find other frequencies. Now we construct the frequency n 
distribution table as follows :  2 − c. f . 
\ Median = l +   ×h
Consumption (in kW) Number of factories  f 
 70 − ( 43 + x ) 
Below 240 1 ⇒ 58 = 55 +   × 10
 40
240 - 270 4–1=3 70 − 43 − x
⇒ 3= × 10 ⇒ 12 = 27 – x
40
270 - 300 8–4=4
⇒ x = 27 – 12 = 15 …(i)
300 - 330 24 – 8 = 16 Also, 105 + x + y = 140
⇒ 105 + 15 + y = 140 (From (i))
330 - 360 33 – 24 = 9 ⇒ y = 140 – 120 ⇒ y = 20
360 - 390 38 – 33 = 5 Hence, x = 15, y = 20
19. Here, the class-interval are in discontinuous form,
390 - 420 40 – 38 = 2
we first convert them in continuous form by subtracting
17. The cumulative frequency table for the given data 0.5 from lower limit and adding 0.5 to the upper limit
can be drawn as: and then prepare cumulative frequency table as below:
4 100 PERCENT Mathematics Class-10

Class- interval Frequency (fi) Cumulative Class xi − a fi u i

ui =
frequency (c.f.  ) mark (xi) 5
10.5 - 15.5 2 2 13 –4 –8
15.5 - 20.5 3 2+3=5 18 –3 –9
20.5 - 25.5 6 5 + 6 = 11 23 –2 –12
25.5 - 30.5 7 11 + 7 = 18 28 –1 –7
30.5 - 35.5 14 18 + 14 = 32 33 = a(let) 0 0
35.5 - 40.5 12 32 + 12 = 44 38 1 12
40.5 - 45.5 4 44 + 4 = 48 43 2 8
45.5 - 50.5 2 48 + 2 = 50 48 3 6
Total Σfi = 50 Σfiui = –10
n More than or equal to 10 196 – 16 = 180
Median : Here, n = 50 ⇒ = 25
2 More than or equal to 15 180 – 30 = 150
Cumulative frequency just greater than 25 is 32 and
More than or equal to 20 150 – 42 = 108
corresponding class-interval is 30.5 - 35.5.
\ Median class is 30.5 - 35.5. More than or equal to 25 108 – 50 = 58
So, l = 30.5, f = 14, h = 5, c.f. = 18 More than or equal to 30 58 – 30 = 28
n  More than or equal to 35 28 – 16 = 12
 2 − c. f .   25 − 18  Now, we plot the points (0, 206), (5, 196), (10, 180),
\ Median = l +   × h = 30.5 +  ×5
 f   14  (15, 150), (20, 108), (25, 58), (30, 28) and (35, 12).
7 The “more than type” ogive can be drawn on graph
= 30.5 + × 5 = 30.5 + 2.5 = 33 paper as follows :
14
Mode : Here, maximum frequency is 14 and corresponding Y
class - interval is 30.5 – 35.5 210
(0, 206) (5, 196)
\ Modal class is 30.5 – 35.5.
180 More than type ogive
So, l = 30.5, h = 5, f0 = 7, f1 = 14, f2 = 12 (10, 180)
 f1 − f0  (15, 150)
Cumulative frequency

150
\ Mode = l +  ×h
 2 f 1 − f 0 − f 2 
120
 14 − 7  7
= 30.5 +  × 5 = 30.5 + ×5 (20, 108)
 2 × 14 − 7 − 12  9 90
= 30.5 + 3.88 = 34.38
60
 ∑ f i ui   −10  (25, 58)
Mean : We have, mean = a +  × h = 33 +  ×5
 ∑ f i 
  50  30
(30, 28)
= 33 – 1 = 32 (35, 12)
0 X
20. We have, mode = 12k, mean = 15k. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Lower limits
We know, 3 Median = Mode + 2 Mean
⇒ 3 Median = 12 k + 2(15 k) 23. The “less than type” frequency distribution table for
⇒ 3 Median = 12 k + 30 k = 42 k the given data is as follows:
42 k Runs Cumulative frequency
⇒ Median = = 14 k
3 Less than 150 4
21. We have, Mean = 9.5, Median = 10 Less than 200 4 + 6 = 10
We know, Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
Less than 250 10 + 13 = 23
= 3 × 10 – 2 × 9.5 = 30 – 19 = 11
Less than 300 23 + 5 = 28
22. The “more than type” frequency distribution table
Less than 350 28 + 2 = 30
for the given data is as follows :
Pocket Expenses Cumulative frequency Now, we plot the points (150, 4), (200, 10), (250, 23), (300, 28),
(350, 30).
More than or equal to 0 206
The “less than type” ogive can be drawn on the graph paper
More than or equal to 5 206 – 10 = 196
as follows:
Statistics 5
Y “More than type” cumulative frequency distribution table
30 (350, 30) is as follows :
(300, 28)
25 Marks Cumulative frequency
(250, 23)
More than or equal to 0 105
Cumulative frequency

20
More than or equal to 10 105 – 4 = 101
15 P (219.23, 15) More than or equal to 20 101 – 6 = 95
More than or equal to 30 95 – 14 = 81
10 (200, 10)
More than or equal to 40 81 – 16 = 65
5 More than or equal to 50 65 – 14 = 51
(150, 4) More than or equal to 60 51 – 8 = 43
0 X
More than or equal to 70 43 – 16 = 27
150 200 250 300 350
Upper limits More than or equal to 80 27 – 5 = 22
219.23 More than or equal to 90 22 – 12 = 10
n 30 The “less than type” and “more than type” ogives can be
Now, locate = = 15 on the y-axis. From this point
2 2 drawn on graph paper as follows:
draw a line parallel to x-axis cutting the curve at P. From
Y
this point draw perpendicular to x-axis, the coordinate
of point of intersection of perpendicular and x-axis is 120
(219.23, 0). (0, 105)
(10, 101) (100, 105)
Hence, median is 219.23. 100
(90, 95)
Cumulative frequency
(20, 95) (80, 83)
24. “Less than type” cumulative frequency distribution 80 (30, 80)
table is as follows: (70, 78)
(40, 65)
Marks Cumulative frequency 60 P (60, 62)
(50, 54)
(50, 51)
Less than 10 4 40 (40, 40) (60, 43)
Less than 20 4 + 6 = 10 (70, 27)
(30, 24) (80, 22)
Less than 30 10 + 14 = 24 20
, 4)

(20, 10) (90, 10)

(10

Less than 40 24 + 16 = 40 48.9

0 X
Less than 50 40 + 14 = 54 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Marks
Less than 60 54 + 8 = 62
Less than 70 62 + 16 = 78 The two ogives intersect at point P. Now we draw a
Less than 80 78 + 5 = 83 perpendicular line from P to the x-axis, the intersection
Less than 90 83 + 12 = 95 point on x-axis is (48.9, 0).
Less than 100 95 + 10 = 105 \ Median = 48.9
Visit www.mtg.in for complete information