Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

JEE-MAIN + ADVANCED
MATHEMATICS

TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
&
IDENTITIES
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

::: C on t en t s :::
S.NO TOPIC NAME P.NO.

1.1 Introduction to Angle ...................................................................................... 03

1.2 Definition of Trigonometric Ratios ............................................................. 05

Practice Problems-01 ................................................ 08

2.1 Remarks ............................................................................................................... 11

2.2 Compound Angles ............................................................................................... 12

Practice Problems-02 ................................................ 16

3.1 Multiple and Submultiple Angles ................................................................. 19

Practice Problems-03 ................................................ 23

4.1 Transformations ................................................................................................ 26

Practice Problems-04 ................................................ 28

5.1 Extended compound angles ............................................................................... 31

5.2 Conditional Trigonometric Identities & Special Relations ........................ 32

Practice Problems-05 ................................................ 35

6.1 Trigonometric Ratio as Function .................................................................. 38

Practice Problems-06 ................................................ 43

7. Answer Sheet ......................................................... 47

 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

Trigonometric Ratio & Identities

1.1 Introduction to Angle
Angle
An angle is the amount of rotation of a revolving line with respect to a fixed line. If the rotation is in anti
clock wise then the angle measured is positive and negative if the rotation is in clock wise sense. There
are three system of measuring an angle:

Degree measure (Sexagesimal system or English system or British system)

In degree measure a right angle is divided into ninety equal parts called degree. Further, each degree is
divided into sixty equal parts called minutes and each minute is divided into sixty equal parts called
seconds.

Hence 1 right angle = 900 ,

10 = 60¢ ( 60 minutes ) &

1¢ = 60¢¢ ( 60 seconds )

Radian measure (Circular system)

In radian measure, the unit of measurement is radian. One radian (1C or 1R ) is the angle made by an
arc of length equal to radius of a given circle at its centre. If l is the length of arc, q be the angle made
by arc at the centre of the circle and r is the radius, then l = r q.

Grade measure (Centesimal system or French system)

In this system of measurement a right angle is divided into 100 equal parts called grade. Further, each
degree is divided into 100 equal parts called minutes and each minute is divided into 100 equal parts
called seconds

Hence 1 right angle =100g (100 grade ) .

1g = 100 ' (100 minutes ) and

1' = 100" (100 seconds) .

Relation Between Degree (D), Radian (R) And Grade (G)

D R G
= =
180 p 200

That means 180 0 = pR = 200g . Hence 1R = 180 = 180 ´ 7 = 57 0 17¢ 45¢¢ ( approximately ) .
p 22
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities
Relation Between Side And Interior Angles of a Regular Polygon
We know that sum of interior angles of a triangle is p. Thus if n be the number of sides of a polygon and
O be a point inside the polygon, then the polygon will be divided into n triangles by joining all vertices
to point O.
Now sum of all the angles of the n triangles is: np = 2p + sum of all interior angles of the polygon.

Hence sum of all interior angles of the polygon is np - 2p = ( n - 2 ) p .

( n - 2) p
Note: Each interior angles of a n sided regular polygon is .
n
Illustration 01:
The angles of a triangle are in ratio 3 : 4 : 5. Find smallest angle in degree and the greatest angle in
radians
Solution:

We know sum of angles in a triangle is 180o .

Let angles are 3x, 4x, 5x respectively, then 3x + 4x + 5x = 180o Þ x = 15o
5p
Now smallest angle is 3x = 75 o and greatest angle is 5x = 75o =
12
Illustration 02:
The angles of a triangle are in A.P and the ratio of greatest angle in radian to the least angle in degree
is p : 60 o . Find angles in degrees

Solution:

Let angles are ( A - D ) , A and ( A + D ) , where ( A - D ) is the least angle and

( A + D ) is the greatest angle.
As sum of angles is 180o , then angle A = 60o .

( A + D )p = p
According to the question A - D 180 60 Þ A = 2D Þ D = 30 o .
( )
Hence greatest angle is A + D = 90 o and least angle is A - D = 30o .

Illustration 03:
If sides in two regular polygon are in ratio 5 : 4 & difference between their angles is 90 , then find
number of sides in each polygon.
Solution:
Let numbers of sides are 5n and 4n.

( 5n - 2 ) p ( 4n - 2 ) p p
According to question - = Þn=2
5n 4n 20

Hence sides of both polygons are 10 and 8 respectively.

 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

1.2 Definition of Trigonometric Ratios

Let OAB be a right angle triangle, right angle at A, OB is the hypotenuse, AB is the perpendicular, and
OA is the base, then the trigonometric ratios, or functions, of ÐAOB are defined as follows.
B
AB Perpendicu lar P
i.e. is called the Sine of the angle AOB.
OB Hypotenuse

OA Base
i.e. is called the Cosine of the angle AOB. O A
OB Hypotenuse

AB Perpendicu lar
i.e. is called the Tangent of the angle AOB.
OA Base

OA Base
i.e. , is called the Cotangent of the angle AOB.
AB Perpendicular

OB
i.e. Hypotenuse , is called the Secant of the angle AOB.
OA Base

OB
i.e. Hypotenuse , is called the Cosecant of the angle AOB .
AB Perpendicular
It is clear from the definitions that if one of the trigonometric ratios of an angle is known, the numerical
magnitude of each of the others is also known.
Let angle ÐAOB = q , then
1. sin 2 q + cos 2 q = 1
sin q cos q
2. tan q = & cot q =
cos q sin q

1
3. sec 2 q - tan 2 q = 1 Þ sec q + tan q =
sec q - tan q

1
4. cos ec2 q - cot 2 q = 1 Þ cos ec q + cot q =
cosec q - cot q

Illustration 04:
tan A cot A
Prove that + = sec A cosec A + 1 .
1 - cot A 1 - tan A

Solution:

tan A cot A tan 2 A cot A

L.H.S = + = +
1 - cot A 1 - tan A tan A - 1 1 - tan A

=
cot A - tan 2 A
=
(
cot A 1 - tan3 A )
1 - tan A 1 - tan A

= cot A (1 + tanA + tan2A) = cotA + 1 + tanA

cos 2 A + sin 2 A
= +1 = sec A . cosec A + 1.
sin A . cos A
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

Illustration 05:

Find the value of (1 + cot q - cos ecq )(1 + tan q + sec q ) .

Solution:

æ cos q 1 ö æ sin q 1 ö
Now (1 + cot q - cos ecq )(1 + tan q + sec q ) = ç1 + - ÷ ç1 + + ÷
è sin q sin q ø è cos q cos q ø

æ sin q + cos q - 1 ö æ sin q + cos q + 1 ö ( sin q + cos q ) - 1 2sin q cos q

2

=ç ÷´ç ÷= = =2.
è sin q ø è cos q ø sin q cos q sin q cos q

Illustration 06:

1
If cos ecq = x + , then find value of cos ecq - cot q .
4x
Solution:

1
Let cos ecq - cot q = t Þ cos ecq + cot q =
t

1 1
Þ t + = 2 cos ecq = 2x +
t 2x

1
Hence cos ecq - cot q = t = 2x or .
2x

Illustration 07:

If 3sin x - 5 cos x = 5 , then find value of 5sin x + 3cos x .

Solution:

Þ ( 3sin x - 5 cos x ) + ( 5sin x + 3cos x ) = 25 + p 2

2 2
Let 5sin x + 3cos x = p

Þ 25 + 9 = 25 + p 2 Þ p 2 = 9 Þ p = ± 3 .

Illustration 08:

Eliminate x, where p sin 3 x + q cos3 x = sin x .cos x & p sin x - q cos x = 0

Solution:

As p sin3 x + q cos3 x = sin x .cos x Þ psin x.sin 2 x + q cosx .cos 2 x = sin x .cos x

Using 2nd equation we get p sin x ( sin 2 x + cos 2 x ) = sin x .cos x Þ p = cos x (1)

Also q cos x ( sin 2 x + cos 2 x ) = sin x .cos x Þ q = sin x (2)

Now from (1) & (2) we get p 2 + q 2 = 1 .
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities
Illustration 09:
If sin θ + sin 2 θ + sin 3 θ = 1 , then find the value of cos 6 θ - 4 cos 4 θ + 8 cos 2 θ
Solution:
As sin θ + sin 2 θ + sin 3 θ = 1 Þ sin θ (1 + sin 2 θ ) = cos 2 θ

Þ sin 2 θ (1 + sin 2 θ ) = cos 4 θ Þ (1 - cos 2 θ )( 2 - cos 2 θ ) = cos 4 θ

2 2

Þ cos 6 θ - 4 cos 4 θ + 8 cos 2 θ = 4 .

Sign Of Trigonometric Ratios
The sign of the trigonometric ratios in different quadrants are as under :

Memory Wise : The signs of trigonometrical ratios in different quadrants is the four-word phrase
AFTER SCHOOL TO CINEMA . The first letter of the first word in the phrase is A . This is taken
to indicate that all trigonometric ratios are positive in the first quadrant . The first letter of the second
word is S . This indicates that sine and its reciprocal are positive in the second quadrant. The first
letter of third word is T . This may be taken as to indicate that tangent and its reciprocal are positive
in the third quadrant . The first letter of the fourth word in the phrase is C which may be taken as to
indicate that only cosine and its reciprocal are positive in the fourth quadrant .

Trigonometric Ratios For Acute & Allied Angles

Trigonometric Ratios of Some Angles
Ratios 0o 30o 45o 60o 90o
Angles
1 1 3
sine 0 1
2 2 2
3 1 1
cosine 1 0
2 2 2
1
tangent 0 1 3 Not defined
3
1
cotagent Not defined 3 1 0
3
2
secant 1 2 2 Not defined
3
2
cosecant Not defined 2 2 1
3
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities
Complementary Angles
Two angles are said to be complementary when their sum is equal to a right angle. Thus any angle q
and the angle 90 o - q are complementary .
a equals sin a cos a tan a cot a sec a cosec a

90º q cos q sin q cot q tan q cosec q sec q

90º + q cos q sin q cot q tan q cosec q sec q

Supplementary Angles
Two angles are said to be supplementary when their sum is equal to two right angles, i.e., the supplement
of any angle q is 180 o - q .
a equals sin a cos a tan a cot a sec a cosec a

q sin q cos q tan q cot q sec q cosec q

180º q sin q cos q tan q cot q sec q cosec q

180º + q sin q cos q tan q cot q sec q cosec q

360º q sin q cos q tan q cot q sec q cosec q

360º + q sin q cos q tan q cot q sec q cosec q

Single answer choice type

Q.1 The angle between the hour hand and the minute hand in circular measure at half past four is:
p p p p
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 4 5 3
Q.2 The angles in degrees subtended at the centre of a circle of radius three units by an arc of length one
unit, is:
210 o 211o 191o 1o
(A) (B) (C) (D)
11 11 11 3
Q.3 If two circles arcs of equal length subtend angles of 600 & 750 at their centre, then ratio of their
radii is equal to:
4 6 7 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 5 8 4
cos q cos q
Q.4 + is equal to:
1 + sin q 1 - sin q
(A) 2 tan q (B) 2 cosq (C) 2secq (D) 2cot q
Q.5 If sin x + cos x = m & cosecx + sec x = n , then n ( m 2 - 1) is equal to:
(A) 2 (B) 2m (C) 3 (D) 3m
1 + sin q
Q.6 is equal to , ( 0 < q < p / 2)
1 - sin q
(A) sec q + tan q (B) sec q - tan q (C) cos q - cot q (D) cos q + cot q
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities
tan q cot q
Q.7 + is equal to:
1 - cot q 1 - tan q

(A) 1 + sin q cosq (B) sin q cosq (C) sec q cosecq (D) 1 + sec q cosecq

2æp ö 2æp ö
Q.8 If a & b are complimentary angles, then value of sin ç - a ÷ + sin ç - b ÷ is equal to:
è2 ø è2 ø

1 3 3
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
2 2 4

Q.9 The length of arc which subtends an angle of 33o 15¢ at centre of the circle whose radius is 5 cm, is:

209 209 219 219

(A) cm (B) cm (C) cm (D) cm
75 72 72 75

Q.10 Value of cot 333o sec 2 333o - 1 is equal to:

1
(A) 1 (B) -1 (C) (D) None of these
2

Q.11 If sin 2 q + 3 cos q = 2 , then find value of cos3 q + sec3 q :

(A) 1 (B) 9 (C) 18 (D) 27
Q.12 If x = p cos q + q sin q and y = p sin q - q cos q , then
(A) x + y = p + q (B) x - y = p - q
(C) ( x + y ) - ( p - q ) = ( p + q ) - ( x - y ) (D) x 2 - y 2 = p 2 - q 2
2 2 2 2

sin x 1 cos x 3 æ pö
Q.13 If = and = , where x, y Î ç 0, ÷ then 8 + sec 2 y =
sin y 2 cos y 2 è 2ø
(A) sec x (B) 3sec x (C) -3sec x (D) - sec x
Q.14 If 3sin q + 5 cos q = 4, then number of integer value(s) of expression ( 5sin q - 3cosq ) takes
place is(are) :
(A) 0 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 9
Q.15 If x = 3sin a cos b , y = 3sin a sin b and z = 3cos a then value of

(x - y) + ( y - z ) + ( z - x ) + ( x + y + z ) is
2 2 2 2

(A) 9 (B) 18 (C) 27 (D) 0

One or more than one type

cot q + cos ecq - 1

Q.16 is equal to:
cot q - cos ecq + 1

1 + cos q sin q sin q 1 - cos q

(A) (B) (C) (D)
sin q 1 + cos q 1 - cos q sin q
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

Q.17 If A, B, C & D are the angles of a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, then value of
cos A + cos B + cos C + cos D + 1 is equal to:
2 2 2 2 2 2
(A) sin 2 A + cos 2 A (B) sin B + cos B (C) sin A + sin B (D) cos A + cos B

Q.18 cos4 q - sin 4 q + 1 is equal to:

2 2 cot 2 q
(A) 2 cos ec q 2
(B) -2sin q 2 (C) (D)
1 + tan 2 q cos ec2 q

Q.19 If sin q + cosec q = 2 , then

(A) sin 3 q - cos 3 q = 1 (B) sin 5 q + cos 5 q = 1

2 2 5 2 1
(C) tan q + cot q = (D) tan q =
2 2
1
Q.20 If sec q = x + , x ¹ 0, then of ( secq - tan q ) can be express as
4x
1 1 1
(A) 2x (B) x + (C) x - (D)
x x 2x
Linked comprehension type
Passage

If sin q + sin 2 q = 1 , then

Q.21 Value of 1 + cos 4 q + cos8 q + 2cos 6 q is equal to:

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

Q.22 tan 2 q - tan 4 q is equal to:

(A) 1 (B) 2sin q - 1 (C) sin q (D) 1 + tan q

Q.23 Value of cos ec2 q + sec 2 q - cos2 q - cot 2 q + 1 is equal to:

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Matrix match type
Q.24 Column - I Column - II

(A) sin 2 5o + sin 2 10 o + sin 2 15o..... + sin 2 90 o = (P) 0

19
(B) tan 2 5 o ´ tan 2 10 o ´ tan 2 15o..... ´ tan 2 85o = (Q)
2

(C) cos2 5o + cos2 10o + cos2 15o..... + cos2 180o = (R) 18

(D) cot 5 o + cot10 o + cot15 o ..... + cot175 o = (S) 1

 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

Integer type

Value of 3 ( sin q - cos q) + 6 ( sin q + cos q ) + 4 ( sin 6 q + cos6 q ) - 5 is equal to:

4 2
Q.25

Q.26 If sin x + sin 2 x = 1 , then value of cos12 x + 3cos10 x + 3cos8 x + cos 6 x + 2 cos 4 x + 2 cos 2 x - 1
is:

Q.27 If sin x +3cos x = a tan 3 x + b tan 2 x + c tan x + d , where x ¹ ( 2n + 1) p then value of

cos x 2
( a - 2b + 3c + d ) is
2p 4p
Q.28 If x = y cos = z cos , the value of (1 + xy + yz + zx ) is :
3 3
If 10 sin 4 q + 15 cos 4 q = 6 , then number of divisors of ( 27cosec q + 8sec q ) are :
6 6
Q.29

Q.30 If cosec6q - cot 6 q = a cot 4 q + b cot 2 q + c then value of ( a + b + c ) is

2.1 Remarks

1. sin ( 2np ± q) = ± sin q & sin éë( 2n + 1) p ± qùû = m sin q " n Î I

2. cos ( 2np ± q ) = cos q & cos éë( 2n + 1) p ± q ùû = - cos q " n Î I

3. tan ( np ± q ) = ± tan q " n Î I

é p ù é p ù
4. sin ê( 4n + 1) ± q ú = cos q & sin ê( 4n -1) ± q ú = - cos q " n Î I
ë 2 û ë 2 û

é p ù é p ù
5. cos ê( 4n + 1) ± q ú = m sin q & cos ê ( 4n - 1) ± q ú = ± sin q " n Î I
ë 2 û ë 2 û

é p ù
6. tan ê( 2n + 1) ± qú = m cot q " n Î I
ë 2 û

Illustration 10:

Find value of sin100 + sin 20 0 + sin 30 0 + .......... + sin 3600 .

Solution:

sin10 0 + sin 20 0 + sin 30 0 + .......... + sin 3600

= ( sin10 + sin190) + ( sin 20 + sin 200 ) + ( sin 30 + sin 210 ) + ........ + ( sin180 + sin 360 ) = 0

[As sin q + sin ( p + q) = 0 ]

 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

Illustration 11:
π
If x = , then find the value of cot x.cot 2 x .cot 3x ........cot ( 2 n - 2 ) x .cot ( 2 n - 1) x .
4n
Solution:
æπ ö
cot x .cot ( 2 n - 1) x = cot x .cot ç - x ÷ = cotx . tanx = 1 [Q 4 nx = π ]
è2 ø

æπ ö
Similarly cot 2 x .cot ( 2 n - 2 ) x = cot 2 x .cot ç - 2 x ÷ = cot 2 x .tan 2 x = 1
è2 ø

Hence cot x .cot 2 x .cot 3 x ........cot ( 2 n - 2 ) x.cot ( 2 n - 1) x = 1 .

Illustration 12:

3
If tan q = and q is not lies in the 1st quadrant, then find value of
4

sin (90 0 + q ) - cot (180 0 - q )

tan ( 270 0 - q ) - cos ( 270 0 + q )

Solution:

As q lies in 3rd quadrant, so sin q & cos q are negative.

4 4
sin (90 0 + q ) - cot (180 0 - q )
cos q + cot q
- +
5 3 8
Now tan 270 0 - q - cos 270 0 + q = cot q - sin q = 4 3 = 29
( ) ( ) +
3 5
2.2 Compound Angles
An angle made up of the algebraic sum of two or more angles is called a compound angle. Some of the
formulae and results regarding compound angles are given below:

1. sin ( A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B

2. sin ( A - B ) = sin A cos B - cos A sin B

3. cos ( A + B) = cos Acos B - sin Asin B

4. cos ( A - B) = cos Acos B + sin Asin B

tan A + tan B p
5. tan ( A + B ) = , where A , B & A + B ¹ np + , n Î I
1 - tan A tan B 2

tan A - tan B p
6. tan ( A - B ) = , where A , B & A - B ¹ np + , n Î I
1 + tan A tan B 2
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities
cot A cot B - 1
7. cot ( A + B ) = , where A, B & A + B ¹ np, n Î I
cot B + cot A

cot A cot B + 1
8. cot ( A - B) = , where A, B & A - B ¹ n p, n Î I
cot B - cot A

Illustration 13:

p 3 -1 5p
Prove that sin = = cos
12 2 2 12

Solution:

p æp p ö 5p
As sin = cos ç - ÷ = cos
12 è 2 12 ø 12

p æp pö p p p p
We know sin = sin ç - ÷ = sin cos - cos sin
12 è4 6ø 4 6 4 6

1 3 1 1 3 -1
= ´ - ´ = .
2 2 2 2 2 2

p 3 +1 5p
Note: cos = = sin .
12 2 2 12

Illustration 14:

Prove that tan15o = 2 - 3 = cot 75o

Solution:
As tan15 = tan ( 90 - 15 ) = cot 75
o o o o

tan 60 o - tan 45o

We know tan15o = tan ( 60 o - 45o ) =
1 + tan 60o tan 45o

( )
2

3 -1 3 -1 4-2 3
= = = = 2- 3 .
1 + 3 ´1 ( 3 +1 )( 3 -1 ) 2

o o
Note : cot15 = 2 + 3 = tan 75 .

Illustration 15:
p
If A + B = , then prove that (1 + tan A )(1 + tan B ) = 2
4
Solution:

p p
As A + B = Þ tan ( A + B) = tan
4 4
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

tan A + tan B
Þ = 1 Þ tan A + tan B = 1 - tan A tan B
1 - tan A tan B

Þ 1 + tan A + tan B + tan A tan B = 2 Þ (1 + tan A )(1 + tan B ) = 2 .

Illustration 16:

Find value of tan 250 + tan 350 + 3 tan 250 tan 350

Solution:

As 250 + 35 0 = 60 0 Þ tan ( 25 0 + 350 ) = tan 60 0

tan 25 0 + tan 350

Þ 0 0
= 3 Þ tan 250 + tan 350 = 3 - 3 tan 250 tan 350
1 - tan 25 tan 35

Þ tan 250 + tan 350 + 3 tan 250 tan 350 = 3 .

Illustration 17:

Prove that tan 70 0 = tan 20 0 + 2 tan 50 0

Solution:

tan 200 + tan 500

As tan 70 = tan ( 20 + 50 ) =
0 0 0

1 - tan 200 tan 500

Þ tan 70 0 (1 - tan 200 tan 500 ) = tan 200 + tan 500

Þ tan 700 - tan 700 tan 200 tan 500 = tan 20 0 + tan 500

Þ tan 700 - cot 20 0 tan 200 tan 500 = tan 20 0 + tan 500
Hence tan 70 0 = tan 20 0 + 2 tan 50 0 .

Illustration 18:

Find value of cos170 + cos137 0 + cos1030

Solution:

cos170 + cos1370 + cos1030 = cos17 0 + cos (1200 + 17 0 ) + cos (1200 - 17 0 )

æ 1ö
= cos170 + 2 cos1200 cos170 = cos170 + 2 ç - ÷ cos170 = 0 .
è 2ø

Illustration 19:

cos ( A- B) cos ( C + D )
If cos A+ B + cos C- D = 0 , then find value of tan A . tan B. tan C. tan D
( ) ( )
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities
Solution:

cos ( A - B ) cos ( C + D ) cos ( A - B ) cos ( C + D )

+ =0 Þ =
cos ( A + B) cos ( C- D ) cos ( A+ B ) - cos ( C- D )

cos ( A - B) - cos ( A + B ) cos ( C+ D ) + cos ( C- D )

Þ =
cos ( A - B ) + cos ( A + B ) cos ( C+ D ) - cos ( C- D )

2sin A sin B 2 cos C cos D

Þ = Þ tan A .tanB.tanC. tanD = -1 .
2 cos A cos B -2 sin C sin D

Remarks

1 sin ( A + B) sin ( A - B) = sin 2 A - sin 2 B = cos2 B - cos2 A

2 cos ( A + B ) cos ( A - B ) = cos 2 A - sin 2 B = cos 2 B - sin 2 A

sin ( A + B )
3 tan A + tan B =
cos A cos B

sin ( A - B )
4 tan A - tan B =
cos A cos B

sin ( A + B )
5 cot A + cot B =
sin A sin B

sin ( B - A )
6 cot A - cot B =
sin A sin B

Illustration 20:

sin ( A + B ) sin ( A - B )
In a triangle ABC, find value of å cos 2 A cos 2 B
Solution:

sin ( A + B ) sin ( A - B ) cos 2 B - cos2 A

å cos 2 A cos 2 B
=å
cos 2 A cos 2 B

= å ( sec 2 A - sec 2 B ) = 0 .
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

Single answer choice type

Q.1 sin ( a + b ) cos ( a - b ) + cos ( a + b ) sin (a -b ) =

(A) sin 2b (B) sin 2a (C) cos 2b (D) cos 2a

cos q + sin q
Q.2 =
cos q - sin q

æp ö æp ö æp ö æ pö
(A) tan ç + q ÷ (B) tan ç - q ÷ (C) cot ç + q ÷ (D) cot ç q - ÷
è4 ø è4 ø è4 ø è 4ø

Q.3 tan ( A + B) tan ( A - B) =

tan 2 A + tan 2 B tan 2 A - tan 2 B tan 2 A + tan 2 B tan 2 A - tan 2 B

(A) (B) (C) (D)
1 + tan 2 A tan 2 B 1 + tan 2 A tan 2 B 1 - tan 2 A tan 2 B 1 - tan 2 A tan 2 B

æp ö æp ö
tan ç + q ÷ + tan ç - q ÷
è4 ø è4 ø=
Q.4
æp ö æp ö
tan ç + q ÷ - tan ç - q ÷
è4 ø è4 ø

(A) sin 2q (B) cos 2q (C) sec 2q (D) cos ec2q

p 4 5
Q.5 If 0 < a, b < such that cos ( a + b ) = & sin ( a - b ) = , then value of tan 2a =
4 5 13

56 56 56 56
(A) (B) (C) (D)
65 23 33 36

3 5
Q.6 In a triangle ABC, angle A is an obtuse angle such that sin A = & sin B = , then sin C =
5 13

16 56 36 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
65 65 65 13

sin ( a - b )
Q.7 If a + b = q & tan a : tan b = x: y , then =
sin q

2y 2x x+y x-y
(A) 1 - x 2 (B) 1 - y 2 (C) x - y (D) x + y
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

2sin a sin g
Q.8 If tan b = , then cot a, cot b, cot g are in:
sin ( a + g )

(A) A.P (B) G.P (C) H.P (D) None of these

1 1
Q.9 - =
tan 3a - tan a cot 3a - cot a

(A) 0 (B) cos 2a (C) tan 2a (D) cot 2a

sin24°cos6°-sin6°sin66°
Q.10 The exact value of sin 21°cos39°-cos51°sin69° is

(A) 0 (B) -1 (C) 1 (D) 2

1 2 4
Q.11 If cos ( x - a ) = and sin ( x - b ) = , then value of cos2 (a - b ) + sin (a - b ) is equal to :
3 3 9

1 2 4 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 9 9

p
Q.12 If x = then value of (1 - tan 3x + tan 5 x - tan 2 x - tan 5x tan 2 x tan 3x ) is equal to :
7

p
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) cot
7

x 1
Q.13 If tan a = , tan b = , then value of (a + b ) may be :
x +1 2 x +1

p 13p 3p 11p
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 4 4 4

Q.14 tan 40° + 2 tan10° =

(A) tan 40° (B) cot 40° (C) cot 50° (D) tan 70°
One or more than one type

Q.15 If 2 sin q = 3 cos 200 + sin 200 , then value of q may be:
o
(A) 20o (B) 100 (C) 260 o (D) 460 o

1 é pù
Q.16 If sin (a + b ) =1, sin (a b ) = , a , b Î ê0, ú , then
2 ë 2û

1
(A) tan (a + 2 b ) = 3 (B) tan ( 2a + b ) =
3

(C) tan (a + b ) = 1 (D) None of these

 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

Q.17 If tan a and tan b are the roots of the equation x 2 + px + q = 0, p ¹ 0, then

p
(A) sin 2 (a + b ) + p ·sin (a + b ) ·cos (a + b ) + q cos2 (a + b ) = q (B) tan (a + b ) = q 1

(C) cos (a + b ) =1 q (D) sin (a + b ) = p

sin 3 x cos 3 x
Q.18 The expression + same as
1 + cos x 1 - sin x

æp ö æp p
(A) æp ö
2 sin ç + x ÷ (B) 2 cos ç - x ÷ (C) ö
2 cos ç + x ÷ (D) 2 sin æç - x ö÷
è4 ø è4 ø è 4 ø è4 ø

Linked comprehension type

Passage - 1
1
If sin x cos y = & 3 tan x = 4 tan y , then
4

Q.19 Value of sin ( x - y ) is equal to:

1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
8 12 16 15

Q.20 Value of sin ( x + y) is equal to:

7 7 7 7
(A) (B) (C) (D)
8 16 15 12
Passage - 2
4
If cos ( A - B ) = and tan A tan B = 3, then
5

Q.21 Value of ( cos A cos B ) is equal to :

2 2 1 -2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 3 5 3

Q.22 Value of ( sin A sin B ) is equal to :

3 3 4 -3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 4 5 4

Q.23 Value of tan ( A + B ) can be :

21 2 5 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 5 2 21
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

Matrix match type

Q.24 Column - I Column - II

(A) sin 420o cos330o + cos ( -300o ) sin150o = (P) 0

æ 3p ö æ 3p ö
(B) sin ( p - q ) + cos ç + q ÷ + sin ( p + q ) + cos ç - q ÷ = (Q) 1
è 2 ø è 2 ø

sin ( -212 ) cos302o + cos 2 -148o

o
( ) =
1
(C) (R)
( o
) ( ) o
sin -82 cos -8 + sin 368 sin -172 o
( o
) 2

(D) sin120o cos150o + cos 240o sin 330o = (S) 1

Integer type
p
Q.25 If A + B = , then value of (1 - cot A )(1 - cot B) is equal to:
4

sin q
Q.26 Value of is equal to:
2æq pö 2æq pö
sin ç + ÷ - sin ç - ÷
è 2 12 ø è 2 12 ø

3
Q.27 If cos ( x - y ) + cos ( y - z ) + cos ( z - x ) = - , then value of sin x + sin y + sin z is equal to:
2

æ a-mö
Q.28 If cos (q + f) = m cos (q - f), then tan q is equal to ç ÷ cot f .Then the value of a is
è m+a ø
2
é æ 3p ö æ 3p öù
Q.29 If [1 - sin (p + a) + cos (p + a)] + ê1 - sin ç
2
+ a÷ + cos ç - a÷ ú = a + 2b sin a cos a then
ë è 2 ø è 2 øû
find the value of (a + b).

æb ö
Q.30 If a cos 2 3q + b cos 4 q = 16 cos6 q + 9 cos 2 q is an identity of q , then value of ç - 3a ÷ is :
è3 ø

3.1 Multiple and Submultiple Angles

q q q
If q is an angle, then 2 q , 3 q , 4q . etc are called multiple angles of q & , , . .. etc are
2 3 4
called sub multiple angles of q .

2 tan q
1 sin 2q = 2sin q cos q =
1 + tan 2 q

1 - tan 2 q
2 cos 2q = cos 2 q - sin 2 q = 2cos 2 q - 1 = 1 - 2 sin 2 q =
1 + tan 2 q

1 - cos 2q 1 + cos 2 q 1 - cos 2 q

Hence sin 2 q = , cos2 q = & tan 2 q =
2 2 1 + cos 2q
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

2 tan q cot 2 q - 1
3 tan 2q = 4 cot 2q =
1 - tan 2 q 2 cot q
1 - cos 2q 1 + cos 2q
5 tan q = 6 cot q =
sin 2q sin 2q
7 sin 3q = 3sin q - 4 sin 3 q 8 cos 3q = 4 cos3 q - 3cos q

3 tan q - tan 3 q 3cot q - cot 3 q

9 tan 3q = 10 cot 3q =
1 - 3 tan 2 q 1 - 3cot 2 q
q
Note: If we change 2q as q, then q will be change to . Using this concept we can change above formulae
2
q q
2q to q. For Example we know sin 2q = 2sin q cos q Þ sin q = 2sin cos .
2 2
q
Similarly If we change 3q as q, then q will be change to . Using this concept we can change our
3

3 q q
formulae 3q to q. For an Example we know sin 3q = 3sin q - 4 sin q Þ sin q = 3sin - 4 sin 3 .
3 3
Remarks
p 1 3p p 3p
1 cos = 2 + 2 = sin 2 tan = 2 - 1 = cot
8 2 8 8 8

p 3p 5 +1
3 cot = 2 + 1 = tan 4 cos36o = = sin 54o
8 8 4

10 - 2 5 10 + 2 5
5 sin 36o = = cos54o 6 cos18o = = sin 72o
4 4

5 -1
7 sin180 = = cos 720
4
Illustration 21:
1 + sin q - cos q q
Prove that = tan
1 + sin q + cos q 2
Solution:
q q q
2sin 2 + 2sin cos
1 + sin q - cos q (1 - cos q ) + sin q 2 2 2
= =
As 1 + sin q + cos q (1 + cos q ) + sin q q q q
2 cos 2 + 2sin cos
2 2 2
qé q qù
2sin êsin + cos ú
2ë 2 2û q
= = tan
qé q qù 2
2 cos êsin + cos ú
2ë 2 2û
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities
Illustration 22:
2sin α 1- cos α + sin α
Prove that =
1+ cos α + sin α 1 + sin α
Solution:

α α α α
2 ´ 2sin cos 4sin cos
2sin α 2 2 2 2
L.H.S = =
(1+ cos α ) + sin α 2 cos2 α + 2 sin α cos α 2 cos α æ cos α + sin α ö
2 2 2 ç ÷
2è 2 2ø
αæ α αö
2sin ç cos + sin ÷ 2sin α cos α + 2 sin 2 α
=
2è 2 2ø
= 2 2 2 = 1 - cos α + sin α
æ α αö
2
1 + sin α 1 + sin α .
ç cos + sin ÷
è 2 2ø
Illustration 23:
p 1 3p
Prove that sin = 2 - 2 = cos
8 2 8
Solution:
p
1 - cos
p p 1 - cos 2 q p 4
Let q = Þ 2q = . We know sin 2 q = Þ sin 2 =
8 4 2 8 2

1
1- p 1 p
Þ sin 2
p
= 2 = 2 -1 = 2 - 2 Þ sin = 2- 2 As sin always positive.
8 2 2 2 4 8 2 8

Illustration 24:
Prove that sin 3q = 3sin q - 4sin 3 q
Solution:
L.H.S sin 3q = sin ( 2q + q ) = sin 2q cos q + cos 2q sin q

(
= 2sin q cos q ´ cos q + 1 - 2 sin 2 q sin q )
( ) ( )
= 2sin q 1 - sin 2 q + 1 - 2sin 2 q sin q = 3sin q - 4sin 3 q

Illustration 25:
sin 3q cos 3q
Prove that + = 4 cos 2q
sin q cos q
Solution:

sin 3q cos 3q 3sin q - 4 sin 3 q 4 cos 3 q - 3cos q

L.H.S + = +
sin q cos q sin q cos q

= 3 - 4sin 2 q+ 4cos2 q- 3 = 4 ( cos2 q- sin2 q) = 4cos2q

Illustration 26:
5 -1
Prove that sin18o = = cos 72o
4
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities
Solution:
Let q = 18o Þ 5q = 90o Þ 2q = 90 o - 3q

( )
Þ sin 2q = sin 90o - 3q Þ sin 2q = cos 3q

Þ 2sin q cos q = 4cos 3 q - 3cos q Þ 2sin q = 4cos 2 q - 3 éë As cos q = cos18 o ¹ 0 ùû

Þ 2sin q = 1 - 4sin 2 q Þ 4sin 2 q + 2sin q - 1 = 0

-2 ± 4 + 16 -1 ± 5
Þ sin q = =
8 4

5 -1
Hence sin18o = , as sin18o always positive.
4

Illustration 27:
o
1
Prove that tan 7
2
= ( 3- 2 )( 2 -1 )
Solution:
o
1 - cos 2q 1 1 - cos15o
We know tan q = Þ tan 7 =
sin 2q 2 sin15o

3 +1
=
1-
( )
é2 2 - 3 + 1 ù 3 + 1
2 2 = 2 2 - 3 +1 = ë û ( )( )
3 -1 3 -1 3 -1 3 + 1 ( )( )
2 2

2 2 ( ) (
3 +1 - 4 + 2 3 )=
=
2
6 - 3 -2+ 2 = ( 3- 2 )( )
2 -1 .

1o
Note: cot 7
2
= ( 3+ 2 )( 2 +1 )
Illustration 28:
In a right angle triangle if the length of hypotenuse is equal to four times the length of perpendicular
drawn from opposite vertex to on it, then find other angles.
Solution:
Given that AC = 4 BD Þ AD+ DC = 4 BD
AD DC
Þ + = 4 Þ cot A + cot C = 4 Þ cot A + tan A = 4 C
BD BD
1 1 D
Þ = 2 Þ sin 2 A = Þ 2A = 300 & 150 0
sin 2 A 2
A B
Hence other angles will be 15o & 75o .
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

Single answer choice type

Q.1 cot q + tan q =
(A) tan 2q (B) 2cos2q (C) 2cosec 2q (D) cot 2q
x
Q.2 If tan q = , then sin 2q + cos 2q is equal to:
y

( x + y) (x - y) ( x + y) ( x + y)
2 2 2 2
- 2x 2 - 2y2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
x 2 + y2 x2 + y2 x 2 + y2 x 2 + y2

sin q + sin 2q
Q.3 is equal to:
1 + cos q + cos 2q
(A) tan q (B) cot q (C) cos q - cot q (D) cos q + cot q

sin 3 q + sin 3q
Q.4 is equal to:
cos3 q - cos3q
(A) tan q (B) cot q (C) sin 2q (D) cos 2q

If x 2 + y 2 = 1 , then value of ( 3x - 4x 3 ) + ( 3y - 4y 3 ) is equal to:

2 2
Q.5

(A) 1/2 (B) 3/2 (C) 3/4 (D) 1

p
Q.6 If 0 < q < , then 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 cos 8q is equal to:
16
(A) 2 sin q (B) 2 tan q (C) 2cot q (D) 2 cosq

4 p 3p 5p 7p
Q.7 Value of sin + sin 4 + sin 4 + sin 4 is equal to:
8 8 8 8
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3/2 (D) 1/2

1 + sin 2a 1 é a æ 3p a ö ù
Q.8 The expression - sin 2a ê cot + cot çè + ÷ ú when simplified
(
cos (2a - 2p ) . tan a - 3p
4 ) 4 ë 2 2 2øû
reduces to :
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) sin2 (a/2) (D) sin2 a
2 2
æ sin 3q ö æ cos 3q ö
Q.9 ç ÷ -ç ÷ = a cos2q, wherever it is defined.Then the value of a is
è sin q ø è cos q ø
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) 8
p 3p 5p 7p
Q.10 The value of cos2 + cos2 + cos2 + cos2 is
8 8 8 8
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) 8
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

4
Q.11
3
( cos3 20° + cos3 40° ) =

(A) cos 20° + cos 40° (B) cos 20° - cos 40°
(C) cos 40° - cos80° (D) None of these

p 3p p 9p
Q.12 Value of cot + tan - tan - cot is :
24 8 24 24

(A) 2 (B) 2 3 ( 3 +1 ) (C) 2 ( 3 +1 ) (D) 0

One or more than one type

1
Q.13 If 2cosq = x + , find the values of the following in terms of cosine of the multiple angle of q.
x
1 1
(A) x2 + 2
= 2 cos 2q (B) x2 + = 3 cos 2q
x x2
1 1
(C) x3 + 3 = 2 cos 3q (D) x3 + 3 = 3 cos 3q
x x

æ p q ö æ p q ö a cosq - 1
Q.14 If tan ç + ÷ tan ç - ÷ = ,then
è 6 2 ø è 6 2 ø 2cosq + b
(A) a + b = 3 (B) a b = 1 (C) 2a + 3b = 7 (D) 3a + 2b = 11

3 p
Q.15 If sin q = , where < q < p , then:
5 2

24 7 3 44
(A) sin 2q = (B) cos 2q = (C) tan 2q = - (D) cos 3q =
25 25 4 125

Q.16 If f ( q ) = sin q cos3 q - cos q sin 3 q , then:

æpö 3 æpö 1 æpö 1 æpö

(A) f ç ÷ = (B) f ç ÷ = (C) f ç ÷ = (D) f ç ÷ = 0
è 12 ø 8 è8ø 4 è6ø 8 è2ø

Q.17 If tan b = 3 tan a , then tan ( a + b) =

2 sin 2b 2 sin 2b 2sin 2a 2sin 2a

(A) (B) (C) (D)
1 - 2 cos 2b 1 + 2 cos 2b 2 cos 2a - 1 2 cos 2a + 1
Linked comprehension type
Passage - 1
Let f ( q, n ) = tan q + 2 tan 2q + 22 tan 2 2 q + ....... + 2n -1 tan 2n -1 q + 2 n cot 2n q , then

Q.18 cot q - tan q is equal to:

1
(A) tan 2q (B) 2cot 2q (C) 2 tan 2q (D) tan 2 q
2
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

æp ö
Q.19 Value of f ç , 4 ÷ is equal to:
è 12 ø
1
(A) 3 (B) (C) 2 + 3 (D) 2 - 1
3
Q.20 f (q , 4 ) is equal to:
(A) tan 32q (B) cot 32q (C) cot q (D) tan q
Passage-2
æ 2p ö 2 æ 4p ö
If f (q ) = sin 2 q + sin 2 ç q + ÷ + sin ç q + ÷ , then
è 3 ø è 3 ø

æp ö
Q.21 Value of f ç ÷ is equal to :
è8ø
3 1 3
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2
æp ö
Q.22 Value of f ç ÷ is equal to :
è 10 ø
p 2p 3
(A) 1 (B) sin (C) sin (D)
5 5 2
æp ö 1 æp ö
Q.23 Value of f 2 ç ÷ + f ç ÷ is equal to :
è5ø 2 è 4ø
p 2 p 2 p
(A) 1 (B) sin (C) tan (D) sec
10 3 8
Passage-3
One could use the multiple angle formulae to reduce the power of a trigonometric ratio. For e.g.
1 + cos 2q 1 - cos 2q
rewriting cos 2q = 2 cos 2 q - 1 = 1 - 2 sin 2 q , we get cos q = ,sin 2 q =
2
. Simi-
2 2
3cos q + cos 3q
larly cos q =
3
e.t.c. Using this, answer the following questions.
4
Q.24 cos4 q =
3 - 4 cos 2q + cos 4q 3 + 4 cos 2q + cos 4q
(A) (B)
8 8
3 + 4 cos 2q - cos 4q 3 - 4 cos 2q - cos 4q
(C) (D)
8 8
Q.25 cos4 q + sin 4 q =
3 - cos 4q 3 + cos 4q 1 + 3cos 4q 1 - 3cos 4q
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 4 4 4
Q.26 cos6 q + sin 6 q =
3 + 5cos4q 3 - 5cos4q 5 + 3cos 4q 5 - 3cos 4q
(A) (B) (C) (D)
8 8 8 8
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

Integer type
Q.27 Value of tan 9 0 - tan 27 0 - tan 630 + tan 810 is equal to:
p p p
Q.28 Value of tan 6 - 33 tan 4 + 27 tan 2 is equal to:
9 9 9

q 323 æ 3p ö 19
Q.29 The value of sin if sinq = and q Î ç p, ÷ is .The value of p is
2 325 è 2 ø p 26

Value of sin10 ( tan 5 + tan 85 ) is equal to

0 0 0
Q.30

4.1 Transformations

We know sin ( A + B ) + sin ( A - B) = 2sin A cos B

sin ( A + B) - sin ( A - B ) = 2 cos A sin B

cos ( A + B ) + cos ( A - B ) = 2 cos A cos B

cos ( A + B ) - cos ( A - B ) = -2sin A sin B

C+D C-D
Let A + B = C & A - B = D Þ A = & B= , then above formulae change as
2 2
C+D C-D
1 sin C + sin D = 2sin cos
2 2
C+D C-D
2 sin C - sin D = 2 cos sin
2 2
C+D C-D
3 cos C + cos D = 2 cos cos
2 2
C+D C-D C+D D-C
4 cos C - cos D = -2 sin sin or 2sin sin .
2 2 2 2
Illustration 29:
0 0 0 0
Find the value of cos 20 cos 40 - sin 5 sin 25
Solution:
1
cos 200 cos 400 - sin 50 sin 250 = ( 2cos 200 cos 40 0 - 2 sin 50 sin 250 )
2
1 1 é1 3ù 3 +1
=
2
( cos 600 + cos 200 + cos 300 - cos 200 ) = ê + ú=
2 ë2 2 û 4 .

Illustration 30:
Evaluate cos120 + cos 840 + cos1320 + cos1560
Solution:
cos120 + cos 840 + cos1320 + cos1560 = ( cos120 + cos 840 ) + ( cos1320 + cos1560 )
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

= 2 cos 480 cos 36 0 + 2 cos144 0 cos12 0 = 2 cos 48 0 cos 36 0 + 2 cos (1800 - 360 ) cos120

= 2 cos 36 0 ( cos 480 - cos12 0 ) = 2 cos 36 0 ´ -2 sin 30 0 sin18 0

5 -1 5 +1 1
= -2 ´ =- .
4 4 2
Illustration 31:
2011 2011
æ cos A + cos B ö æ sin A + sin B ö
Evaluate ç ÷ +ç ÷
è sin A - sin B ø è cos A - cos B ø
Solution:
2011 2011
æ cos A + cos B ö æ sin A + sin B ö
ç ÷ +ç ÷
è sin A - sin B ø è cos A - cos B ø

2011 2011
æ A+B A-Bö æ A+B A-B ö
ç 2 cos 2 cos 2 ÷ ç 2 sin 2 cos 2 ÷
=ç +ç
A+B A-B ÷ A+B A-B ÷
ç 2 cos sin ÷ ç -2sin sin ÷
è 2 2 ø è 2 2 ø

A-B A-B
= cot 2011 - cot 2011 = 0.
2 2
Useful Results
1 1
1 cos q cos ( 60 - q ) cos ( 60 + q ) = cos3q 2 sin q sin ( 60 - q ) sin ( 60 + q ) = sin 3q
o o o o
4 4

3 tan q tan ( 60o - q) tan ( 60o + q ) = tan 3q 4 cot q cot ( 60o - q ) cot ( 60o + q ) = cot 3q

Illustration 32:
1
Prove that sin q sin ( 60 - q) sin ( 60 + q ) = sin 3q
o o
4
Solution:
( ) ( )
sin q sin 60o - q sin 60o + q = sin q éësin 2 60o - sin 2 q ùû

3
é3 ù 3sin q - 4sin q 1
= sin q ê - sin 2 qú = = sin 3q
ë4 û 4 4

Illustration 33:

Find value of sin 20o sin 40o sin 60o sin 80o
Solution:

( ) (
sin 20o sin 40o sin 60o sin80o = sin 60o sin 20o sin 60 o - 20o sin 60o + 20o )
1 3 1 3 3
4
(
= sin 60 o ´ sin 3 ´ 20 o = )
´ ´ = .
2 4 2 16
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

Single answer choice type

Q.1 cos 550 + cos 650 + cos1750 =

1 3
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D) 1
2 2

sin 9o cos 9 o
Q.2 Value of is equal to:
sin 48o sin12 o
(A) 1 (B) -1 (C) 2 (D) -2
sin A + sin 3A + sin 5A + sin 7A
Q.3 =
cos A + cos 3A + cos 5A + cos 7A
(A) 1 (B) cot 2A (C) cot 4A (D) tan 4A

cos ( x + z )
Q.4 If cos 2y = , then tanx, tany, tanz are in:
cos ( x - z )

(A) A.P (B) H.P (C) G.P (D) None of these

sin 70 0 + cos 40 0
Q.5 Value of is equal to:
cos 700 + sin 400

1 1
(A) (B) (C) 3 (D) 2
2 3
0 0 0 0
Q.6 Value of sin 21 cos 9 - cos 84 cos 6 is equal to:
3 1 1
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)
2 4 2
Q.7 If 2 cos x + 2 cos 3x = cos y & 2 sin x + 2 sin 3x = sin y , then value of cos2x is equal to:

1 1 7 1
(A) - (B) (C) - (D)
8 2 8 5

p
Q.8 If A + B = , then find value of cos 2 A + cos 2 B - cos A cos B
3
(A) 1/2 (B) 3/2 (C) 3/4 (D) 1

Q.9 sin 2 a + cos 2 ( a + b ) + 2sin a sin b cos ( a + b ) is equal to:

(A) cos 2 a (B) cos 2 b (C) sin 2 b (D) None of these

Q.10 Value of 3 + cos 2x + cos 4x + cos 6x - 4 cos x cos 2x cos3x is equal to:
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 1
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

tan (a +b )
Q.11 If sin ( 2a + b ) = 5sin b , then value of is equal to :
tan a
2 3 5 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 2 3 5
Q.12 sin 47° + sin 61° - sin11° - sin 25° is equal to :
(A) sin 7° (B) sin 97° (C) cos36° (D) sin 36°
Q.13 If x = sin (a - b ) sin ( g - d ) , y = sin ( b - g ) sin (a - d ) , z = sin ( g - a ) sin ( b - d ) , then
(A) x + y + z = 0 (B) x + y - z = 0 (C) x - y + z = 0 (D) y + z - x = 0
cos x cos ( x + q ) cos ( x + 2q ) cos ( x + 3q ) a +c
Q.14 If = = = then is equal to
a b c d b+d
a c b d
(A) (B) (C) (D)
d b c a
Q.15 If s = sin 2 - sin 3 and c = cos 2 - cos 3 then which one of the following is correct ?
(A) s > 0 and c < 0 (B) s < 0 and c > 0 (C) s > 0 and c > 0 (D) s < 0 and c < 0

One or more than one type

Q.16 sin 47 0 + sin 610 - sin110 - sin 250 =
o
(C) cos 7
o o o
(A) cos 3 (B) sin 97 (D) sin 93
1 1
Q.17 If sin x + sin y = & cos x + cos y = , then
4 3

æx+yö 3 æx+yö 1 263 -263

(A) tan ç ÷= (B) tan ç ÷= (C) cos ( x - y ) = (D) cos ( x - y ) =
è 2 ø 4 è 2 ø 2 288 288
Q.18 sin 47 0 + cos 77 0 =
o
(A) cos170 (B) cos 3430 (C) sin167 (D) sin107 o
Q.19 If cos x + cos y = p , cos 2 x + cos 2 y = q, cos 3x + cos3 y = r then

2 2 q p2 q + 2
(A) cos x + cos y = 1+ (B) cos x cos y = -
2 2 4
(C) 2 p 3 + r = 3 p (1 + q ) (D) p + q + r = 3 pqr .
Linked comprehension type
Passage
x cos A p
If = such that A ¹ B & 0 < A, B < , then
y cos B 2
x tan A + y tan B
Q.20 is equal to:
x+y

A+B A-B A-B A+B

(A) sin (B) sin (C) tan (D) tan
2 2 2 2
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

ysin A + x sin B
Q.21 is equal to:
ysin A - x sin B

tan A + tan B cos ( A - B) tan ( A - B )

(A) 1 (B) (C) cos A + B (D) tan A + B
tan A - tan B ( ) ( )
ysin A - x sin B
Q.22 is equal to:
ysin A + x sin B

sin ( A - B ) cos ( A + B) tan A + tan B

(A) -1 (B) sin A + B (C) cos A - B (D)
( ) ( ) tan A - tan B
Matrix match type
6
If sin x .sin 3 x = å a n cos nx , then
3
Q.23
n =0

Column - I Column - II
(A) Value of a 2 - a 4 is equal to: (P) 0

3
(B) Value of a1 + a 3 + a 5 is equal to: (Q)
8
3
(C) Value of a 2 - a 0 + a 5 is equal to: (R)
4
1
(D) Value of a 0 + a 2 + a 6 is equal to: (S)
2
Q.24 Column - I Column - II
(A) Value of 4 ( cos 3 10 0 + sin 3 20 0 ) - 3 ( cos10 0 + sin 20 0 ) + 1 = (P) 1

(B) Value of 2 ( sin 54o - cos 72o ) = (Q) 2

(C) Value of 8 ( sin 24 - sin 6 ) + 1 =

2 o 2 o
(R) 3

(D) Value of tan 28 o + tan17 o + tan 28o tan17 o = (S) 5

Q.25 Column - I Column - II
o o o o
(A) 3cos 20 cos 40 cos 60 cos80 = (P) 1
1
(B) cot 20 o cot 40o cot 60o cot 80o = (Q)
3
3
(C) 16sin10 o sin 20 o sin 30 o sin 40 o sin 50 o sin 60 o sin 70 o sin 80 o = (R)
4
3
(D) tan10 o tan 30 o tan 50 o tan 70 o = (S)
16
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

Integer type
cos 200 + 8sin100 sin 500 sin 700
Q.26 Value of is equal to:
sin 2 80 0
Q.27 Value of cos ec10o - 4 sin 70o is
cos ( A - B ) cos ( C + D )
Q.28 If + = 0, then value of ( 3 + tan A tan B tan C tan D ) is
cos ( A + B ) cos ( C - D )

sin x sin 3x sin 9x 1

Q.29 If + + = [ tan ax - tan bx ] then value of 3 a =
cos 3x cos9x cos 27x 2
Q.30 If x = cos 20°, then value of ( 3 - 12 x - 36 x + 64 x ) is equal to :
2 6

5.1 Extended compound angles

1 sin ( A + B + C ) = cos A cos Bcos C [ tan A + tan B + tan C - tan A tan Btan C]

2 cos ( A + B + C) = cosAcos BcosC - cos Asin Bsin C - cosBsin Csin A - cosCsin Asin B

= cos A cos Bcos C[1 - tan A tan B - tan B tan C - tan C tan A ] .

3 tan ( A + B + C ) =
å tan A - Õ tan A
1 - å tan A tan B

4 cot ( A + B + C ) =
å cot A - Õ cot A
1 - å cot A cot B

Illustration 34:
tan A + tan B + tan C - tan A tan B tan C
Prove that tan ( A + B + C ) =
1 - tan A tan B - tan B tan C - tan C tan A
Solution:
tan ( A + B + C ) = tan éë( A + B ) + C ùû

tan A + tan B
tan ( A + B ) + tan C + tan C
= = 1 - tan A tan B
1 + tan ( A + B) tan C æ tan A + tan B ö
1- ç ÷ tan C
è 1 - tan A tan B ø

tan A + tan B + tan C - tan A tan B tan C

=
1 - tan A tan B - tan B tan C - tan C tan A
Illustration 35:
If A + B + C = p , then prove that tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan B tan C
Solution:
As A + B + C = p Þ tan ( A + B + C ) = tan p
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

tan A + tan B + tan C - tan A tan B tan C

Þ =0
1 - tan A tan B - tan B tan C - tan C tan A
Þ tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan B tan C .
Illustration 36:
If A + B + C = p , then prove that å cot A cot B = 1
Solution:
As A + B + C = p Þ cot ( A + B + C ) = cot p

Þ
å cot A - Õ cot A ® ¥
1 - å cot A cot B
Hence 1 - å cot A cot B = 0 Þ å cot A cot B = 1.

5.2 Conditional Trigonometric Identities & Special Relations

Illustration 37:
If A + B + C = p , then prove that sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C = 4sin Asin Bsin C
Solution:
sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C = 2sin ( A + B) cos ( A - B ) + sin 2C

= 2sin ( p - C) cos ( A - B) + sin 2C [ As A + B + C = p]

= 2sin C cos ( A - B ) + 2 sin C cos C

= 2 sin C éë cos ( A - B ) - cos ( A + B ) ùû éë As cos C = cos ( p - ( A + B ) ) = - cos C ùû

= 2sin C ( 2sin A sin B ) = 4sin A sin Bsin C

Note: If A + B + C = p , then cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C = -1 - 4cos A cos Bcos C .

Illustration 38:
A B C
If A + B + C = p , then prove that cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4 sin sin sin
2 2 2
Solution:
A B+C B -C
cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 - 2sin 2 + 2 cos cos
2 2 2

A A B- C é B+C p-A æp Aö Aù
= 1 - 2 sin 2 + 2sin cos ê As cos 2 = cos 2 = cos ç 2 - 2 ÷ = sin 2 ú
2 2 2 ë è ø û

Aæ A B-C ö Aæ B+C B-C ö

= 1 - 2sin ç sin - cos ÷ = 1 - 2sin ç cos - cos ÷
2è 2 2 ø 2è 2 2 ø

Aæ B Cö A B C
= 1 - 2sin ç -2sin sin ÷ = 1 + 4 sin sin sin
2è 2 2ø 2 2 2
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities
A B C
Note : If A + B + C = p , then prove that sin A + sin B + sin C = 4 cos cos cos
2 2 2
Illustration 39:
p cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C - 1
If A + B + C = , then find the value of
2 sin A sin B sin C
Solution:
Now cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C - 1 = 2 cos ( A + B ) cos ( A - B ) - 2 sin 2 C

æp ö
= 2 cos ç - C ÷ cos ( A - B ) - 2 sin 2 C = 2 sin C éëcos ( A - B ) - sin C ùû
è2 ø

= 2 sin C éë cos ( A - B) - cos ( A + B )ùû = 4 sin A sin Bsin C

cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C - 1

Hence = 4.
sin A sin B sin C
Illustration 40:
Simplify : cos A cos 2 A cos 22 A ... cos 2n 1 A .
Solution:
cos A cos 2 A cos 22 A ... cos 2n 1 A
1
= . (2sin A . cos A) . cos 2A. cos 22 A ..... cos 2n 1 A
2 sin A

1
= 2 (2 sin 2 A . cos 2 A) cos 22 A...... cos 2n 1A
2 sin A

1
= 3 (2 sin 4 A . cos 4 A) cos 23A...... cos 2n 1A
2 sin A

sin 2n A
continuing like this finally we get .
2n sin A

Illustration 41:
π 2π 4π 8π 16π 32π
Find value of cos .cos .cos .cos .cos .cos
65 65 65 65 65 65
Solution:
p
Let q = , then given equation we can write as cos q cos 2q.......cos 25 q
65

64p sin æ p - p ö p
6 çsin ÷ sin
sin 2 q 65 = è 65 ø 65 = 1 .
= 6 = =
2 sin q 64sin p 64 sin
p
64sin
p 64
65 65 65
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

Illustration 42:
sin ( nb / 2 ) é 2a + ( n - 1) b ù
Prove that sin a + sin ( a + b ) + sin (a + 2b ) + ....... + sin éa
ë + ( n - 1) bùû = êsin ú
sin ( b / 2 ) ë 2 û
Solution:
sin a + sin ( a + b ) + sin ( a + 2b ) + ....... + sin éëa + ( n - 1) b ùû

2sin ( b / 2 )
=
2sin ( b / 2 )
{sin a + sin ( a + b ) + sin ( a + 2b ) + ....... + sin éëa + ( n - 1)b ùû}
1 ì b b bü
= í2 sin a sin + 2sin ( a + b ) sin + ....... + 2 sin éëa + ( n - 1) b ùû sin ý
2sin ( b / 2 ) î 2 2 2þ

1 ì æ bö æ bö æ bö æ 3b ö
= ícos ç a - ÷ - cos ç a + ÷ + cos ç a + ÷ - cos ç a + ÷
2sin ( b / 2 ) î è 2ø è 2ø è 2ø è 2ø

æ æ 3ö ö æ æ 1 ö öü
+......... + cos ç a + ç n - ÷ b ÷ - cos ç a + ç n - ÷ b ÷ ý
è è 2ø ø è è 2 ø øþ

1 ì æ bö æ æ 1 ö öü
= ícos ç a - ÷ - cos ç a + ç n - ÷ b ÷ ý
2sin ( b / 2 ) î è 2ø è è 2 ø øþ

1 ì nb 2a + ( n - 1) b ü sin ( nb / 2 ) é 2a + ( n - 1) b ù
= í2 sin sin ý= êsin ú
2sin ( b / 2 ) î 2 2 þ sin ( b / 2 ) ë 2 û

sin ( nb / 2 ) é 2a + ( n - 1) b ù
Note: cos a + cos ( a + b ) + cos ( a + 2b ) + ....... + cos éa
ë + ( n - 1) bùû = ê cos ú
sin ( b / 2 ) ë 2 û

Illustration 43:
n -1
rπ n
Prove that å cos
r =1
2

n
= -1
2
Solution:
n -1
rπ 1 n -1
æ 2 r π ö 1 é n -1 n -1 2rπù
å cos2
r =1
=
n 2
år =1
ç
è
1 + cos ÷ = ê å1 + å cos
n ø 2 ë r=1 r =1 n úû

1 é æ 2π 4π 2 ( n - 1) π ö ù
= ê( n - 1) + ç cos 0 + cos + cos + ....... + cos - 1÷ ú
2 ëê è n n n ø ûú

é æ 2π ö ù
2 ´ 0 + ( n - 1) ÷ ú
1 ê sin π ç n - 1 = 1 é( n- 1) + 0 - 1ù = n - 1 .
= ê( n - 1) + ç cos ÷ ú ë û 2
2 ê π ç 2 ÷ ú 2
sin
ëê n è ø ûú
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

Single answer choice type

1
Q.1 In a triangle ABC, if cos A cos Bcos C = , then value of å tan B tan C =
3
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
p 2p 3p 7p
Q.2 The value of cos + cos + cos + ..... + cos =
7 7 7 7
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Q.3 If A + B + C = p , then sin 2A + sin 2B - sin 2C =
(A) 4sin A sin Bsin C (B) 4 cos A cos Bsin C
(C) 4 cos A sin Bcos C (D) 4sin A cos Bcos C
2π 4π 8π 1
Q.4 The value of cos + cos + cos =is -
7 7 7
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) - (D) -
4 2 2 4

sin A + sin B + sin C

Q.5 In a triangle ABC, value of is equal to:
A B C
6cos cos cos
2 2 2

1 2
(A) (B) 2 (C) 3 (D)
2 3
p cos 2x + cos 2y + cos 2z - 1
Q.6 If x + y + z = , then value of is equal to:
2 sin x sin y sin z
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) None of these
3p
Q.7 If A + B + C = , then cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C + 4sin A sin Bsin C =
2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4
2 2 2
Q.8 If A + B + C = p , then cos A + cos B + cos C =
(A) 1 + 2 cos A cos Bcos C (B) 1 - 2cos A cos Bcos C
(C) 2 - 2 cos A cos Bcos C (D) 2 + 2cos A cos Bcos C
p 2p 3p 35p
Q.9 The value of sin + sin + sin + ...... + sin =
18 18 18 18
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) 4
Q.10 If A + B + C = p , then sin 2 A + sin 2 B - cos 2 C =
(A) 1 + 2cos A cos Bcos C (B) 1 - 2 cos A cos Bcos C
(C) 2 - 2 cos A cos Bcos C (D) 2 + 2cos A cos Bcos C
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

2π 4π 8π 7
Q.11 The value of sin + sin + sin =is
7 7 7

3 5 7
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2

cot q 5p
Q.12 Let f (q) = , and a + b = then the value of f (a)f (b) =
1 + cot q 4

1 1
(A) (B) - (C) 2 (D) 3
2 2

æ Cö 1 C æ A Bö
Q.13 If A + B + C = p and sin ç A + ÷ = sin , then value of ç tan tan ÷ is :
è 2ø 3 2 è 2 2ø

1 -1 -1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 2
3 2 3
One or more than one type
Q.14 If a + b = g , then cos 2 a + cos 2 b + cos 2 g - 2cos a cos b cos g =
(A) 1 (B) Independent of a (C) Independent of b (D) Independent of g
Q.15 The value of tan27° + tan18° + tan27° tan18°, is
(A) an irrational number (B) rational which is not integer
(C) integer (D) not a prime.

cos A cos B cos C

Q.16 In a triangle ABC, the value of + +
sin B sin C sin C sin A sin A sin B
(A) is prime (B) is composite
(C) is rational which is not an integer (D) an integer

1 1 1 1
Q.17 The sum + + + ...... + is not equal to
sin 45° sin 46° sin 47° sin 48° sin 49° sin 50° sin 133° sin 134°

(A) sec (1)° (B) cosec (1)° (C) cot (1)° (D) tan (1)°

Q.18 If in a triangle ABC, å cos 3 A = 1, then in this DABC ,

(A) No angle can be 450 (B) One of the angles is 120 0

(C) One of the angles is 150 0 (D) No angle can be 750

Linked comprehension type
Passage - 1
p
If A + B + C = then
2
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities
Q.19 tan A tan B + tan B tan C + tan C tan A is equal to:
(A) 1 (B) 0
(C) tan A tan B tan C (D) cot A cot Bcot C

Q.20 sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C is equal to:

(A) 1 + 2sin A sin Bsin C (B) 1 - 2sin A sin Bsin C
(C) 1 + 2 cos A cos Bsin C (D) 1 - 2cos A cos Bsin C
Q.21 cot A + cot B + cot C is equal to:
(A) 1 (B) tan A tan B tan C
(C) 0 (D) cot A cot Bcot C
Passage - 2
p
If A + B = , A > B and cos A + cos B = 1, then
3

Q.22 Value of cos ( A - B ) is equal to :

1 2 -1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3

Q.23 Value of tan ( A - B ) can be :

2 2 2 2
(A) (B) 2 2 (C) - (D) -2 2

3 3

Q.24 Value of sin ( 2 A - 2 B ) is equal to :

12 2 -4 2 12 2 4 2
(A) (B) (C) - (D)
17 9 17 9
Integer type

Q.25 If (1 + tan 50 )(1 + tan100 )(1 + tan150 ) ....... (1 + tan 450 ) = 2 k , then the value of k is

sin a + sin b + sin c

Q.26 Three real numbers a, b, c satisfy 2b = a + c, Then = p tan b,the value of p is
cos a + cos b + cos c
Q.27 ABC is a right angled triangle. sinA·sinB·sin(A B)+sinB·sinC·sin(B C)+sinC·sinA·sin(C A)+
sin(A B)·sin(B C)·sin(C A) is equal to
cot 2 A + cot 2B
Q.28 If A + B + C = p , then value of å tan 2 A + tan 2 B is :
p cos ( B + C )
Q.29 If A + B + C =
2
, then value of å cos B cos C is :

2p 4p 8p 2p 4p 8p
Q.30 If x = sin + sin + sin and y = cos + cos + cos , then x 2 + y 2 is
7 7 7 7 7 7
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

6.1 Trigonometric Ratio as Function

Y
A point P moves on the circle about O from A1 to A1 via
B1
B1, A2 & B2. As shown in the figure, in any of its position,
OP as hypotenuse it completes a triangle with abscissa P2 (-a, b ) P1 (a, b )

and ordinate of P as adjacent and opposite. To define

Trigonometric Ratios for angles in ( 0, 2p ) we consider
X¢ A2 O A1 X
M2 M1
various such triangles and angle in each case will be taken
as angular displacement traversed by OP.
P3 (- a, - b ) P4 (a, - b )
Domain Of Trigonometric Functions
If y = f ( x ) is a function, then the set of values of x, for B2

which the function defined is called Domain of given function. Y¢

It can be observed that for 0, p , 2 p etc. cotangent and cosecant can t be defined and for
p p 3p
- , , etc. tangent and secant can t be defined, as at these angles denominator in the
2 2 2
definition of respective Trigonometric Ratios becomes zero, but both sine and cosine defined for any
angle.
Range Of Trigonometric Functions
If y = f ( x ) is a function, then the set of values of y, is called Range of given function.
The revolving line OP (of length r) is in the first quadrant and is revolving from OA1 to OB1, abscissa of
P1 will vary from a to zero and ordinate from zero to b . Therefore values of sine & cosine will vary
between 0 & 1.
While the revolving line OP is in the second quadrant and is revolving from OB1 to OA2, abscissa of P2
will vary from zero to -a and ordinate from b to zero.Hence values of sine will vary between 0 &
1 and those of cosine will vary between -1 & 0. This clarifies how we arrived to the Range of values
of the Trigonometric Ratios.
Periodicity Of Trigonometric Functions
If f ( x ) = f ( x + T ) , then function f(x) is called periodic function and T is called period of f(x) only
when T is numerically least.
It is understood that after completing one rotation the revolving line will start traversing the same points
on the circumference as earlier though this time angular displacements will be 2 p + q, 4 p + q, 6 p + q... etc.
Hence values of various Trigonometric Ratios will start repeating. This indicates to Periodic Property
of TrigonometricRatios.
Note : sin q, cos q, cosec q & sec q repeat periodically after every 2p interval, where as tan q and
cot q repeat periodically after every p interval.
Graph of Trigonometric Ratios
The variations in the values of the trigonometric ratios may be graphically represented to the eye by
means of curves constructed in the following manner.
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities
Sine-Graph
y
y = sinx

1
x¢ -3p -p o p 3p
x
- 2p 2p
2 2 2 2
Cosine-Graph
y=cosx y

y¢
y=1
1
x¢ -3p -p o p 3p 2p
x
-2p 2 2 2 2
y= 1

y=tanx y
y¢
Tangent-Graph

x¢ x
-2p -3p -p o p 3p 2p
2 2 2 2

y¢

Cotagent-Graph
y=cosx y

x¢ x
-2p -3p -p o p 3p 2p
2 2 2 2

y¢
Secant-Graph
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities
Cosecant-Graph
y = cosecx
y

y=1
x¢ x
-2p -3p -p o p 3p 2p
2
2 2 2
y= 1

Remarks
y¢

Functions Domain Range Period

sin x R [ -1, 1 ] 2p

cos x R [ -1, 1 ] 2p

p
tan x R ~ ( 2n + 1) , n Î I R p
2
cot x R ~ np, n Î I R p

p
sec x R ~ ( 2n + 1) , n Î I ( -¥, -1] È[1, ¥) 2p
2
cosec x R ~ np, n Î I ( -¥, - 1] È [1, ¥ ) 2p

Maximum & Minimum Values of f x asin x b cos x :A

Let f ( x ) = a sin x + b cos x , where a & b are real.

a2 + b2
b
æ a b ö
Now f ( x ) = a 2 + b 2 ç sin x + cos x ÷
2 2
è a +b a 2 + b2 ø a
B
C a
Þ f ( x ) = a 2 + b 2 ( sin x cos a + cos x sin a ) = a 2 + b2 sin ( x + a )

As a & b are real and two given values, then f(x) is maximum if sin ( x + a ) is maximum i.e 1 and

f(x) is minimum if sin ( x + a ) is minimum -1.

So maximum value of f(x) is a 2 + b 2 and minimum value of f(x) is - a 2 + b2 .

Hence - a 2 + b 2 £ a sin x + b cos x £ a 2 + b 2 .

Note: Maximum value of a sin x + b cos x + c is c + a 2 + b 2 and

Minimum value of a sin x + b cos x + c is c - a 2 + b 2

 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities
Note: This is not the only way to find out extreme values of trigonometric function. To find out maximum or
minimum value of trigonometric function we may use AM ³ GM ³ HM or derivative method or
quadratic method.
Illustration 44:
Find range of the function f ( x ) = 13cos x + 3 3 sin x - 4 .
Solution:

( ) ( )
2 2
According to the question - (13) + 3 3 - 4 £ f (x ) £ (13 )
2 2
+ 3 3 -4

Þ - 14 - 4 £ f ( x ) £ 14 - 4 Þ -18 £ f ( x ) £ 10

Hence range of f(x) is [ -18, 10] .

Illustration 45:
æ pö
Find maximum and minimum value of the expression 3 cos x + 5 sin ç x - ÷ .
è 6ø

Solution:
æ pö p p
3 cos x + 5 sin ç x - ÷ = 3 cos x + 5 sin x cos 5 cos x sin
è 6ø 6 6

æ 5ö 3 1 5 3
= ç 3 - ÷ cos x + 5 sin x = cos x + sin x
è 2ø 2 2 2

1 75
Hence min value = + = 19 and maximum value = 19 .
4 4

Illustration 46:
Find least value of 2 sin 2 q + 4 cos ec 2 q
Solution:

2sin 2 q + 4 cos ec 2 q
Using A.M ³ G.M , we get ³ 2sin 2 q´ 4 cos ec 2 q = 2 2
2
Hence least value of 2 sin 2 q + 4 cos ec 2 q is 4 2 .

Illustration 47:
Find maximum value of sin A sin B in a right angled triangle ABC, right angle at C.
Solution:
1 1
sin A sin B = ( 2sin A sin B ) = éëcos ( A - B ) - cos ( A + B ) ùû
2 2

1é pù 1 1
= ê cos ( A - B ) - cos ú = cos ( A - B) £
2ë 2û 2 2

1
Hence maximum value of sin A sin B is .
2
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

Illustration 48:
4 4
Find maximum & minimum value of sin q + cos q
Solution:

Let f ( q ) = sin 4 q + cos 4 q = (sin 2 q + cos 2 q ) - 2sin 2 q cos 2 q

2

1
Þ f ( q ) = 1 - sin 2 2q
2

Now f ( q ) is maximum if sin 2q is minimum i.e zero. Hence maximum value of f ( q ) is 1.

2

And f ( q ) is minimum if is maximum i.e 1. Hence minimum value of f ( q ) is ½ .

Illustration 49:
sin 3 x
Find the range of sin x .
Solution:
sin 3 x
y= = 3 - 4 sin 2 x
sin x

3- y 3- y
Þ sin 2 x =
4
Þ0<
4
£ 1 Þ 0 < 3 - y £ 4 Þ - 1£ y < 3 ( As sinx ¹ 0 ) .
Illustration 50:
sin 3x
If sinx + siny = 3( cosy- cosx ) , then find the value of
sin 3 y
Solution:
sinx + siny = 3( cosy- cosx ) Þ sinx+ 3cosx = 3cosy- siny

1 3 3 1
Þ sinx + cosx = cosy - siny Þ sin ( x + α ) = sin ( α - y )
10 10 10 10

sin 3 x
Clearly x = - y satisfy the given equation hence = -1.
sin 3 y
Illustration 51:
If ABC is an acute angled triangle, then find minimum value of tan A + tan B + tan C
Solution:
We know that in a triangle ABC, tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan B tan C
tan A + tan B + tan C 3
As A.M ³ G.M , we have ³ tan A tan B tan C
3
1
x
Let tan A + tan B + tan C = x , then ³ x3
3

Þ x 2 ³ 27 Þ x ³ 3 3 .

Hence minimum value of tan A + tan B + tan C is 3 3 .

 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities
Illustration 52:
1
1-
Prove that 2sin x + 2cos x ³ 2 2

Solution:
sin x + cos x
2sin x + 2cosx
Using A.M ³ G.M , we have ³ 2sin x ´ 2cos x = 2 2
2
As - 2 £ sin x + cos x £ 2 , so sin x + cos x always greater than or equal to - 2.
- 2 1 1
2sin x + 2cos x -
sin x cos x
1-
Hence ³2 2 =2 2
Þ2 +2 ³2 2
.
2
Illustration 53:
If q lies in first quadrant, then prove that sin ( cos q ) < cos ( sin q ) .
Solution:
p p
We know sin q + cos q £ 2 < Þ cos q < - sin q
2 2
æp ö
Þ sin ( cos q ) < sin ç - sin q ÷ Þ sin ( cos q ) < cos ( sin q )
è2 ø
As sin q is an increasing function in first quadrant.

Single answer choice type

Q.1 Least value of the function f ( x ) = 4 cos 2 x + 3sec2 x is equal to:

(A) 4 (B) 4 3 (C) 2 3 (D) 6

Q.2 Minimum value of sin 2 x + cos 2 x is equal to:
1 3 3
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
2 8 4
24
Q.3 Range of the function is equal to:
5cos x - 12sin x + 19

é3 ù é3 ù é3 ù
(A) ê , 3ú (B) [ 2, 3] (C) ê , 2ú (D) ê , 4ú
ë4 û ë4 û ë4 û
Q.4 Minimum value of sin 6 x + cos 6 x is equal to:
1 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
2 4 4
Q.5 If A, B, C, D are the smallest positive angles in ascending orders of magnitude which have their
A B C D
sines equal to the positive value p (p < 1), then 4sin + 3sin + 2sin + sin =
2 2 2 2
(A) 2 1 + p (B) 2 1 - p (C) 1 + p (D) 1 - p
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

Q.6 If A = sin 450 + cos 45 0 and B = sin 44 0 + cos 44 0 , then

(A) A > B (B) A < B (C) A = B (D) None of these

Q.7 If sin q1 - sin q 2 = a and cos q1 + cos q 2 = b, then

(A) a 2 + b2 ³ 4 (B) a 2 + b2 £ 4 (C) a 2 + b 2 ³ 3 (D) a 2 + b 2 £ 2

Q.8 If a + b = 3 - cos 4q and a - b = 4 sin 2q , then ab is always less than or equal to

1 2 3
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D)
2 3 4

sin 4 x cos 4 x 1
Q.9 If + = , then
2 3 5

2 2 sin 8 x cos8 x 3
(A) tan x = (B) + =
3 8 27 125

2 1 sin 8 x cos8 x 2
(C) tan x = (D) + =
3 8 27 125

p 6
é ( m - 1) p ù æ mp ö
Q.10 For 0 < q < , the solution(s) of å cos ec êq + ú cos ec ç q + ÷ = 4 2 is(are):
2 m =1 ë 4 û è 4 ø

p p p p
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 6 12 3

Q.11 If 2sin x + 3cos ( x + q ) + 3cos ( x - q ) = 5 , then minimum value of | cos q | is :

1 7 7 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 3 3 3

np
Minimum value of ( sin x - cosec x ) + ( cos x - sec x ) - ( tan x - cot x ) , x ¹
2 2 2
Q.12 can be :
2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) undefined
Q.13 The maximum value of the function f(x) = (7cos x + 24 sin x) (7 sin x 24 cosx), for every x Î R

625 625
(A) 25 (B) 625 (C) (D)
2 4
One or more than one type

p
Q.14 If 0 < a < , then a ( cosec a ) is
6

p p p p
(A) less than (B) greater than (C) less than (D) greater than
6 6 3 3
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

Q.15 If f ( q ) = 24 cos q - 7 sin q + 3 , then

(A) f ( q ) ùû max = 28 (B) f ( q ) ùû min = -28

(C) f ( q ) ùû max = 25 (D) f ( q ) ùû min = -22

Q.16 If f ( q ) = sin q cos q , then

1 1
(A) f ( q ) ùû max = (B) f ( q ) ùû min = -
2 2

3
(C) f ( q ) ùû max = 2 (D) f ( q ) ùû min = -
2

æ pö
Q.17 If f ( x ) = 5cos x + 3cos ç x + ÷ + 11 , then
è 3ø

(A) f ( x ) ùû max = 18 (B) f ( x ) ùû min = 4

(C) f ( x ) ùû max = 20 (D) Domain of f(x) is R

Linked comprehension type

Passage - 1

If f ( q ) = a cos q + bsin q + c , then maximum value of f ( q ) is a 2 + b2 + c and minimum value of

f ( q ) is - a 2 + b 2 + c .

Q.18 Minimum value of 15sin q - 8cos q + 3 is equal to:

(A) -12 (B) 20 (C) 14 (D) 17

3
Q.19 Maximum value of 4 sin 2q + 3cos 2 q - is equal to:
2

7 55 73 3 7
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2

æ πö
Q.20 Minimum value of 5sinq + 3sin ç θ - ÷ + 8 is equal to:
è 3ø

(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) -15 (D) -12

 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

Matrix match type

Q.21 Column - I Column - II
2 4
(A) Maximum value of sin x + cos x is equal to: (P) 1

1
(B) Minimum value of sin 2 x + cos 4 x is equal to: (Q)
2
4 4
(C) Maximum value of sin x + cos x is equal to: (R) 2

4 4 3
(D) Minimum value of sin x + cos x is equal to: (S)
4
Q.22 Column - I Column - II

(A) Maximum Value of 2 + cos 2 x - sin 2 x is equal to: (P) 1

(B) Minimum Value of 7 + 8sin 2q cos 2q is equal to: (Q) 3

(C) Maximum Value of 3 + 8sin 3 q - 6sin q is equal to: (R) 5

(D) Minimum Value of 4 + sin 2 q + cos 2 q is equal to: (S) 7

Q.23 Match the following:
Column - I Column - II
A) Range of 2cos2x + sin2x (P) [1,3]

B) Range of 1 + 8 sin2x2 cos2 x2 (Q) [ 3/4,1]

C) Range of cos2x + sin4x (R) [3, 4]

D) Range of 3sin2x + 4cos2x (S) [ 1, 2]

Integer type
4 tan 2 q + 9 cot 2 q
Q.24 Minimum value of is equal to:
2
tan x 1
Q.25 If the value of
tan 3 x
, , wherever defined never lies between
a
( )
and a a > 3 , then sum of all

integral value of 2a is

Q.26 Maximum value of 12sin q - 9 sin 2 q is :

Q.27 If sin a - sin b = a and cos a + cos b = b, then maximum value of ( a 2 + b 2 ) is :

Q.28 Minimum of 8cos 2q + 8cos q + 15 is

Maximum value of 4 éëcos A + cos (120 + A ) + cos (120 - A )ùû is
3 3 0 3 0
Q.29

Cos 4x Sin 4 x Cos 4y Sin 4 y

Q.30 If Cos2 y + Sin 2 y =1, then the maximum value of + =
Cos2 x Sin 2 x
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

ANSWER SHEET

PRACTICE PROBLEMS -1

1. [B] 2. [A] 3. [D] 4. [C] 5. [B]

6. [A] 7. [D] 8. [D] 9. [B] 10. [B]

11. [C] 12. [C] 13. [B] 14. [A] 15. [C]

16. [AC] 17. [AB] 18. [CD] 19. [AB] 20. [AD]

21. [B] 22. [B] 23. [C] 24. [A - Q ; B - S ; C - R ; D -P]

25. [8] 26. [2] 27. [3] 28. [1] 29. [8]

30. [7]

PRACTICE PROBLEMS -2

1. [B] 2. [A] 3. [D] 4. [D] 5. [C]

6. [A] 7. [D] 8. [A] 9. [D] 10. [B]

11. [D] 12. [B] 13. [B] 14. [B] 15. [BD]

16. [AB] 17. [AB] 18. [AB] 19. [C] 20. [B]

21. [C] 22. [A] 23. [A] 24. [A - Q ; B -P ; C - S ; D - R]

25. [2] 26. [2] 27. [0] 28. [1] 29. [2]

30. [5]

PRACTICE PROBLEMS -3

1. [C] 2. [C] 3. [A] 4. [B] 5. [D]

6. [D] 7. [C] 8. [D] 9. [D] 10. [C]

11. [A] 12. [B] 13. [AC] 14. [ABC] 15. [BD]

16. [ABD] 17. [BC] 18. [B] 19. [C] 20. [C]

21. [B] 22. [D] 23. [C] 24. [B] 25. [B]

26. [C] 27. [4] 28. [3] 29. [5] 30. [2]
 Trigonometric Ratios & Identities

PRACTICE PROBLEMS -4

1. [A] 2. [A] 3. [D] 4. [C] 5. [C]

6. [C] 7. [C] 8. [C] 9. [B] 10. [A]

11. [B] 12. [B] 13. [A] 14. [C] 15. [C]

16. [BC] 17. [AD] 18. [ABD] 19. [ABC] 20. [D]

21. [B] 22. [B] 23. [A - R ; B - P ; C - S ; D - Q]

24. [A - P ; B - P ; C - S ; D - P] 25. [A -S ; B -Q ; C - S ; D -Q] 26. [2]

27. [2] 28. [2] 29. [3] 30. [4]

PRACTICE PROBLEMS -5

1. [D] 2. [A] 3. [B] 4. [C] 5. [D]

6. [A] 7. [B] 8. [B] 9. [C] 10. [A]

11. [D] 12. [A] 13. [B] 14. [ABCD] 15. [CD]

16. [AD] 17. [ACD] 18. [BD] 19. [A] 20. [B]

21. [D] 22. [C] 23. [D] 24. [B] 25. [5]

26. [1] 27. [0] 28. [1] 29. [2] 30. [2]

PRACTICE PROBLEMS -6

1. [B] 2. [D] 3. [D] 4. [C] 5. [A]

6. [A] 7. [B] 8. [B] 9. [A] 10. [C]

11. [B] 12. [B] 13. [C] 14. [BC] 15. [AD]

16. [AB] 17. [ABD] 18. [C] 19. [C] 20. [A]

21. [A - P ; B - S ; C - P ; D - Q ] 22. [A - Q ; B - Q ; C - R ; D -R]

23. [A - S ; B - P ; C - Q ; D - R] 24. [6] 25. [9] 26. [4]

27. [4] 28. [6] 29. [3] 30. [1]