Student name: _____________________

Mathematics: applications and interpretation

Standard level
Paper 1

Thursday 15 February 2024 (afternoon)

1 hour 30 minutes

Instructions to candidates

• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.

• A graphic display calculator is required for this paper.
• Answer all questions.
• Answers must be written within the answer boxes provided.
• Unless otherwise stated in the question, all numerical answers should be given exactly or correcto
to three significant figures.
• A clean copy of the mathematics: applications and interpretation formula booklet is required
for this paper.
• The maximum mark for this examination is [80 marks].
Answers must be written within the answer boxes provided. Full marks are not necessarily awarded
for a correct answer with no working. Answers must be supported by working and/or explanations.
Solutions found from a graphic display calculator should be supported by suitable working. For
example, if graphs are used to find a solution, you should sketch these as part of your answer. Where
an answer is incorrect, some marks may be given for a correct method, provided this is shown by
written working.
You are therefore advised to show all working.

1. [Maximum mark: 5]

Zaha is designing a bridge to cross a river. She believes that the weight of the steel needed for
this bridge is approximately 53 632 000 𝑘𝑔.

The exact weight of the steel needed for the bridge is 55 625 000 𝑘𝑔.

(a) Find the percentage error in Zaha’s approximation. [2]

Zaha’s design is used to build five identical bridges.

(b.i) Find the weight of the steel needed for these five bridges, to three significant figures.[1]
(b.ii) Write down your answer to part (b)(i) in the form 𝑎 × 10𝑘 , where 1 ≤ 𝑎 ≤ 10, 𝑘 ∈ ℤ. [2]
2. [Maximum mark: 6]

Hafizah harvested 49 mangoes from her farm. The weights of the mangoes, 𝑤, in grams, are
shown in the following grouped frequency table.

(a) Write down the modal group for these data. [1]

(b) Use your graphic display calculator to find an estimate of the standard deviation of
the weights of mangoes from this harvest. [2]
(c) On the grid below, draw a histogram for the data in the table.

[3]
3. [Maximum mark: 7]

A storage container consists of a box of length 90 cm, width 42 cm and height 34 cm, and a lid in
the shape of a half-cylinder, as shown in the diagram. The lid fits the top of the box exactly. The
total exterior surface of the storage container is to be painted.

Find the area to be painted.

[7]
4. [Maximum mark: 6]

M-Line is a company that prints and sells custom designs on T-shirts. For each order,
they charge an initial design fee and then an additional fee for each printed T-shirt.

M-Line charges 𝑀 euros per order. This charge is modelled by the linear function 𝑀(𝑥) = 5𝑥 +
40, where 𝑥 is the number of T-shirts in the order.

(a) Write down the initial design fee charged for each order. [1]

(b) Find the total amount charged for an order of 94 T-shirts. [2]

EnYear is another company that prints and sells T-shirts. The price, 𝑁 euros, that they charge for
an order can be modelled by the linear function 𝑁(𝑥) = 9𝑥, where 𝑥 is the number of T-shirts in
the order.

(c) Write down the number of T-shirts in an order for which EnYear charged 63 euros. [1]
(d) An order of 𝑝 T-shirts will be charged the same price by both M-Line and EnYear.

Find the value of 𝑝. [2]

5. [Maximum mark: 6]

Ms Calhoun measures the heights of students in her mathematics class. She is interested to see
if the mean height of male students, 𝜇1 , is the same as the mean height of female students, 𝜇2 .
The information is recorded in the table.

At the 10 % level of significance, a 𝑡-test was used to compare the means of the two groups. The
data is assumed to be normally distributed and the standard deviations are equal between the
two groups.

(a.i) State the null hypothesis. [1]

(a.ii) State the alternative hypothesis. [1]

(b) Calculate the 𝑝-value for this test. [2]

(c) State, giving a reason, whether Ms Calhoun should accept the null hypothesis. [2]
6. [Maximum mark: 6]

Professor Vinculum investigated the migration season of the Bulbul bird from their
natural wetlands to a warmer climate.

He found that during the migration season their population, 𝑃 could be modelled by 𝑃 = 1350 +
400(1.25)−𝑡 , 𝑡 ≥ 0 , where 𝑡 is the number of days since the start of the migration season.

(a.i) Find the population of the Bulbul birds at the start of the migration season. [1]

(a.ii) Find the population of the Bulbul birds after 5 days. [2]

(b) Calculate the time taken for the population to decrease below 1400. [2]
(c) According to this model, find the smallest possible population of Bulbul birds during
the migration season. [1]
7. [Maximum mark: 9]

In this question, give all answers correct to 2 decimal places.

Raul and Rosy want to buy a new house and they need a loan of 170 000 Australian
dollars (𝐴𝑈𝐷) from a bank. The loan is for 30 years and the annual interest rate for the loan is
3.8%, compounded monthly. They will pay the loan in fixed monthly instalments at the end of
each month.

(a) Find the amount they will pay the bank each month. [3]

(b.i) Find the amount Raul and Rosy will still owe the bank at the end of the first 10 years. [3]
(b.ii) Using your answers to parts (a) and (b)(i), calculate how much interest they will have paid
in total during the first 10 years. [3]
8. [Maximum mark: 6]

Rosewood College has 120 students. The students can join the sports club (𝑆) and the music
club (𝑀).
1
For a student chosen at random from these 120, the probability that they joined both clubs is 4
1
and the probability that they joined the music club is3.

There are 20 students that did not join either club.

(a) Complete the Venn diagram for these students.

[2]

(b) One of the students who joined the sports club is chosen at random. Find the probability that
this student joined both clubs. [2]
(c) Determine whether the events 𝑆 and 𝑀 are independent. [2]
9. [Maximum mark: 5]

A college runs a mathematics course in the morning. Scores for a test from this class are shown
below.

25 33 51 62 63 63 70 74 79 79 81 88 90 90 98

For these data, the lower quartile is 62 and the upper quartile is 88.

(a) Show that the test score of 25 would not be considered an outlier. [3]

The box and whisker diagram showing these scores is given below.

Test scores

Another mathematics class is run by the college during the evening. A box and whisker diagram
showing the scores from this class for the same test is given below.

Test scores
A researcher reviews the box and whisker diagrams and believes that the evening
class performed better than the morning class.

(b) With reference to the box and whisker diagrams, state one aspect that may support the
researcher’s opinion and one aspect that may counter it. [2]
10. [Maximum mark: 6]

Point 𝐻 on a hot-air balloon is sighted at the same time by two observers. One observer is at the
top of a vertical building that is 156 metres tall. The other observer is at the base of the building.

The angle of elevation from point 𝐴 (at the top of the building) to 𝐻 is 40∘ , and the angle of
elevation from point 𝐵 (at the base of the building) to 𝐻 is 57∘ . Point 𝑋 is the ground directly
below point 𝐻. This information is shown in the diagram.

diagram not to scale

 ̂ 𝐵.
(a) Find the size of angle 𝐴𝐻 [2]

(b) Calculate the distance from point 𝐵 to point 𝐻. [3]

The hot-air balloon remains at a constant height as it moves further away from the building.

(c) Describe, in words, the change in the angle of depression from point 𝐻 to point 𝐵 as the
horizontal distance between the balloon and the building increases. [1]
11. [Maximum mark: 6]

Professor Vinculum investigated the migration season of the Bulbul bird from their
natural wetlands to a warmer climate.

He found that during the migration season their population, 𝑃 could be modelled by 𝑃 = 1350 +
400(1.25)−𝑡 , 𝑡 ≥ 0 , where 𝑡 is the number of days since the start of the migration season.

(a.i) Find the population of the Bulbul birds at the start of the migration season. [1]

(a.ii) Find the population of the Bulbul birds after 5 days. [2]

(b) Calculate the time taken for the population to decrease below 1400. [2]

(c) According to this model, find the smallest possible population of Bulbul birds during
the migration season. [1]
12. [Maximum mark: 6]

A cylinder with radius 𝑟 and height ℎ is shown in the following diagram.

The sum of 𝑟 and ℎ for this cylinder is 12 cm.

(a) Write down an equation for the area, 𝐴, of the curved surface in terms of 𝑟. [2]
 d𝐴
(b) Find d𝑟
. [2]

(c) Find the value of 𝑟 when the area of the curved surface is maximized. [2]
13. [Maximum mark: 12]

The rate of change of the height (ℎ) of a ball above horizontal ground, measured in metres, 𝑡
seconds after it has been thrown and until it hits the ground, can be modelled by the equation
𝑑ℎ
= 11.4 − 9.8𝑡
𝑑𝑡
The height of the ball when 𝑡 = 0 is 1.2 m.

(a) Find an expression for the height ℎ of the ball at time 𝑡. [6]
(b.i) Find the value of 𝑡 at which the ball hits the ground. [2]

(b.ii) Hence write down the domain of ℎ. [1]

(c) Find the range of ℎ. [3]