_- •I•

:i ii
hod.me

PERFECT GAS LAWS

Kotem

32 others

~ hod.m cef.i
 PERFECT GAS LAWS
- •I•

• The equation of state for a perfect gas is ~

hod.me

• PV= mRT ~ K 1-, c~~ j~

• PV= nRT ~ R t"6. ~ v 0 i ~ ~~

~ ==- ~ .~ IL-t r::--r-/ ~ 'V\£ k.... Tejaswini baleti

K_ = y
N\
t 6(._ L ~~G-- 1 ~~ -vv\~c~ ~G~ ,t ~. 'J, 34 others

So r: f;;1- ~ -("-=- 'E - ~ l½ ~ o · :z_c:gr IC )~ k...

2-"8 . 1.£
 Specific heat
- •I•

• Specific heat at constant volume= c.v :::. ~t"""

~
hod.me

• Specific heat at constant pressure =er :::- ~

1-v e.. 1':==--"""00 +lJ- c1 - cv .=:.- K --C)
Tejaswini baleti
Ci =- V -@
C
V

~J.-~µ~~ @ ,·'A 0
C ~ f_ J Cf = '{~ 35 others

-J - Y--l --f - I
 Various non flow processes
- •I•

• Reversible non flow processes ~

hod.me

• Irreversible non flow processes

Tejaswini baleti

35 others
 Reversible non flow processes
~ -··
• lsochoric process hod.me

• Isobaric process
• Isothermal process
• Adiabatic process Tejaswini baleti

• Polytropic process

35 others
 For ideal gas
_- •I•
:i ii
Change in internal energy hod.me

c:W = rnC \/'--'2.-

1 T --r""-
I )

Change in enthalpy Tejaswini ba leti

j..h ::.- J lu~ f ~)

-: cl() t cl(~ '-'")
-:::: "V'('\ c_" l~ - 1) -t Pe-"z.. - ~ v,
:
r{\ c.. (_,
\) 2-
-T)
I
-r "('() RCT2- -T
I
;> 35 others

;: ~ cf L ~ -"1)
 For ideal gas

• Change in entropy hod.me

kk- f \V \ , '1 - f -<e/4~ ~ VJ_ L ~~-ce.

~.e-- ~7 -z- - f--c ~ , V ~'&. / e..-4 ~-re. .,,,J- S: 1---Pc

we.- ~nl-0 -+e.--J-

Tejaswini baleti

\ 6i_ ::: ,"()c v J... , ---t p olv 35 others

J), v ;~ ~ E-u'{) (D .bo

-:_.'rAcvl[~p~
, ,-
~> j_c, ~ -i'/\C V ~ -\- --,,,,e_ ¾- hod.me

3--4 e.°:)-i~ o___6ove__ ~~0v- w7-tt, C-{\ k~-f-A

s-S
2- \ srihari-

36 others
 For lsochoric process

.. - . hod.me

• Change in internal energy of gas= du::: --rn c_v J..,

srihari-

• Heat supplied or Heat transferred = ~

1 2,,
::... du+ llAJ
~~
41 others
l rri SL~ - 7;) --t- o

\z,,
~ ::. t'f'\ C.
V
LT - - l j
2- I
 For lsochoric process
c¼ \- /"\ ~~a :- ~ --\--11-=- ,y, c F C~ -T~
hod.me

S -S ==-
2--- I
Kotem
 For Isobaric process

• Change in Enthalpy =- 'YY)cfC1,-~) hod.me

• Change in Entropy= Kotem

S - S :: "Y'()
~
C.
f
j___-<\ 12--
--=r.
- 'Y¥\ t ~-<'\ P2-
2- \
l rJ
F-P- ,~~Db~c. fco~ (, ---t :L_

So 1
~- S.1 -=- "YY'iC f 9--<t T .z-
'J
~ hod.m
 For isothermal process

• Work done by the gas = 0

\ }_,,
==- f \ \J ' Q"' ~
V
(r-) f,vl QY\]!
f 2_ hod.me
I

• Change in internal energy= Ju ~02----U 1

::- Tt\c"(_,e--~)
-:- a (_~ ~ ,,=-1)
Kotem

~ ::::
• Heat Transferred= '-V J_ \) -t IA)
\. ~ 2--

- b-\-~z_
& - lA.)
\. 2-,, - \_ 2.,
 For isothermal process

• Change in Enthalpy= d_tt- ::_ +'~ - +il ::. Mc. 1

r'----r2-- - T )
I hod.me

=- o c_s ;~ 't-1.J

Kotem
 For adiabatic process

• Work done by the gas = f,v, - f ~ R-,

hod.me
--1' --- I

Change in internal energy= Ju:::. "O<\c."/_1,--r;_) Kotem

Heat Transferred = ~ ::.. o

\. z,.
 For adiabatic process
• Change in Enthalpy= ~\:-\ .:::. ~ cf J..~ hod.me

[)

• Change in Entropy= ds :: ~ :::-- o Kotem

-?

~ hod.m
 For Polytropic process
~ )
• Work done= f \v I - f z.,.-v2- -- ---rn K l 1, -,.z...,, hod.me
~ 'YJ - l

• Change in internal energy= cAD -- 1 , - T)

Y'f'lcv"- 2.- I
Kotem

• Heat supplied = a
\2.-,
-=- u - u +- 1t,02_
2-, I

=- YV) c_v l-S -1) -r R( ~ -p 'W)

'Yl-]
 For Polytropic process

hod.me

~
K

-- I,:
Kotem

-
.-- "TY"\ ~ l -r:-5 u) - -{°_Y\

11 -\ ,-1
~
L '2-
-- y - '(\
-{ - \
\Nz_
 For Polytropic process

hod.me

• Change in entropy
\.,.)P
'--
~ OW ~
l
&
2---
=- -(_'
-
r~l-\_)
("\ ~\k) 2- L"' { -
'2.-,-
Kotem
y_, P&..v.J
D~ v°L ~ bo -i--4 ~<~ , bo-+t._ ~

\ 0.z- - '( - Y) pJ..._\/

,- f-1 -r
' l~ ~ bo--\-t ~~
~ hod.m
s1s ::- ~ ~QI/
Y-t \J
s, _s
\

hod.me

Waseeq ahmad

41 others
 Free expansion process

• Free expansion process is irreversible non flow hod.me

process.

The work done is ZERO in case of a free

Waseeq ahmad
expansion process.

REASON: There is no restraining/opposing force

or pressure as expansion occurs against vacuum.
41 others

So, dW = 0 (in case of free expansion)

 Free expansion process

Free Expansion hod.me

• One type of adiabatic process is so-called free

expansion in which a gas is a llowed to expand in
volume adiabatically without doing any work.
• No heat flows in or out (Q = 0), and no work is done
Waseeq ahmad
because the gas does not move any other object.
• Thus, Q = W = 0 and by the first law of
thermodynamics, dE = 0.
The internal energy ofa gas does 110!
change in a free expansion.
41 others
 Free expansion process
a,, - o
v ~ --

v(_--r~ -1\ ) -::- 0

hod.me
8 T'/'I C

---:> 'i -:- --r 2-.,

1 ~~-<L -6°L~ ~~ ~ Waseeq ahmad

F"be..e.. e...-zj(_r~ Pc~

41 others

I 1 , L
 Exercise problems
• 5 kg of gas is heated from a temperature of
hod.me
100° C at constant volume until its pressure
becomes 2 times its original pressure.
Calculate
• Heat transferred Waseeq ahmad

• Change in internal energy

• Change in enthalpy
• Change in entropy For air CP= 1.005 KJ/kgK 41 others

and Cv= 0.71 KJ/kg K

 __,. l;ks.9• Tnroic- "-ta111 Sliclt Sl'oow 11:,- "° ,,..
E- C i /~boatd.googM'.com/d 1QdP_°'Jk)',tllY 3 Q T 6 . 1 , - . ~ ~ 0 K 1 ~ h
. . \·,· ~ ·=::~$:~ I~
!_ ~ · : : : l,iips G MC....-cvl"'°' G ~ U~ i:r. 0 i G G009"9 G ~ ~ ~~.,.__rp:;,tp
a ru•.._.!!A." • • • • •
=~--ir'--------''-'----~----'':::.::4'-0.>pf\>__ _ _ _ ------:;=--~----=·-
,fSt:ltd •

J') Perfect gas laws D

~ C! ~ • 5e1 * kgtooid Clfoa, frtmt:

Exercise problems
hod.me

5 kg of gas is heated from a temperature o

100° C at constant volume until its pressure
f{ v, ~ "2-
1-2::::---
G ~
:~
-r--~-
--~'to,
- 'r.
-
becomes 2 times its original pressure.
Calculate
~

S, l ----.k__
'...-
=--. V.z__
~ Vt
Heat transferred
Change in internal energy
E'J r, (2-
Waseeq ahmad

I!! -r; T 2--

Change in enthalpy O·
Change in entropy For air CP= 1.005 KJ/kgK m
and Cv= 0.71 KJ/kg K ~
-f ,
~
T,
/2-
J 2- :::...~~
~
r_~7L,t,t:::
44 others
 f- C i JJl'l'lb~1d.goog1t.com 'ti/1f2.dPJlllu(Ll ~l"ti,t~br7Pflt4IOCrl-~+h
• • • ., ,· .e == ~ •• .c. u~
0 i1 GC.00,,. ~~ Gt,api..1.-.'PJ'lot.
If: • • • ■
4
-· 8 .f U f ,i.r A. \

-'I Perfect gas laws < DI ,

Exercise problems
hod.me

5 kg of gas is heated from a temperature o

100° C at constant volume until it s pressure G
becomes 2 times its original pressure. ;.
~-
1~
.... -=-~
_.r-_ Calculate
It
Heat t ra nsferred Waseeq ahmad
Change in internal energy
Change in enthalpy O·
Change in entropy For air CP= 1.005 KJ/kgK m U-V
'l... •
and Cv= 0.71 KJ/kg K
44 others
 • • • A' •· Ml ::: I= £~ ':~ !
.•ru••!-!>.. \ a:•~••
' ,.,..,.,,..~----------'=-~---=-"".__ -"1 Perfect gas laws < o >

Exercise problems
hod.me

5 kg of gas is heated from a temperature of

100° C at constant volume until its pressure O i -H;-= W\..C..
1
lT ~)
becomes 2 times its original pressure. 2:_ !-.
~~
__
_..,..
~-
·---:~
Calculate
1.
~
• __
--=- S, X /-DDS, 0 4 (,,- s.( ~
Heat transferred El ] s 7 Lt I~ KT Waseeq ahmad
Change in internal energy ~
Change in enthalpy O S - S:
z_ I
Change in entropy For air CP= 1.005 KJ/kgK m
and Cv= 0.71 KJ/kg K
46 others

Zeyad Mohamed 17-349 and 1 more have joined

 Exercise problems
~ ...
. .l J-
• 4 moles of an ideal gas is held by a piston hod .me

under a pressure of 5.5.atm and at 30° C

temperature. The pressure is suddenly
released to 0.5 atm and the gas is allowed to
Waseeq ahmad
expand isothermally. Calculate the work done,
heat transferred, change in internal energy,
change in enthalpy and change in entropy.
46 others