70 BIOLOGY GRAPHICAL QSNS

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 QUESTION NO. 01
1. The table below shows the population of a housefly Musca
domistica which is parasitized by wasps of species Nasonia Spp. The
investigation of their population growth pattern was carried out for 70
weeks. In these experimental space and physical factors were
assumed not to be limiting.

Time in 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
weeks
Musca 40 70 110 260 350 480 400 395 350 40 60 140 250 240 230
domestica

Nasonia 10 20 30 45 100 200 300 380 410 250 60 20 40 200 280

spp

(a) Using the readings in the table, plot graphs on the same axis of
population growth of organisms against time. (8mks)

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(b) Account for the growth of

(i) Musca domestica between 10th week – 25th week (1mk)

(ii) Nasonia species between 40th week – 50th week (1mk)

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(c) What is the population of?
(i) Nasonia Spp on the 62nd week (1mk)
(ii) Musca domestica on the 4th week (1mk)

(d) Bemex, another parasite of housefly was introduced into the

ecosystem. Giving a reason what will be the effect on the
population of

(i) Housefly Musca domestica (2mks)

(ii) Nasonia Spp (2mks)

(e) In estimating the population of Musca domestica in the

experiment above, capture-recapture method was used. Describe the
procedure which was followed. (4mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 02

2. In an ecological study, a grass hopper population and that of crows

was estimated in a certain grassland area over a period of one year.
The results are as shown in the table below.
Month J F M A M J J A S 0 N D

Number of adult
90 20 11 25 2500 1652 120 15 10 35 192 456
grasshoppers xl02

Number of crows 4 2 0 1 8 22 7 2 1 1 5 15

Amount of rainfall 20 0 55 350 520 350 12 10 25 190 256 350

(i) What is the relationship between the rainfall and grasshopper

population? (1mk)
(ii)(a) Account for the relationship stated in a (i) above. (3mks)

(b) Explain the relationship between the grasshopper population and

that of the crows. (3mks)

(c) If the data was used in the construction of pyramid of numbers,

what would be the trophic level of; (3mks)
i. Grasshopper
ii. Crows
iii. The grass in the study area

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(d) If the area studied was one square kilometer, state;
(i) One method that could have been used to estimate the crow
population. (1mk)
(ii) One method that could have been used to estimate the grasshopper
population. (1mk)

(e) Suggest what would happen if a predator for grasshoppers entered

the study area. (2mks)

(f) What is meant by the term carrying capacity? (1mk)

(g) Why would the carrying capacity of wild animals in woodland

grassland be higher than that of cattle? (2mks)

(h) What is an ecosystem? (3mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 03

3.An experiment was carried out whereby three healthy rats were fed
on equal amounts of glucose. After half an hour, the glucose
concentration per ml. of blood was measured at 15 minutes intervals
for three hours. The following results were obtained.

Glucose conc.
0 min 15 30 45 60 75 90
mg/ml
Rats
min min min min min min
A 0.800 0.774 0.715 0.680 0.650 0.595 0.555
B 0.745 0.695 0.695 0.660 0.635 0.600 0.545
C 0.795 0.695 0.665 0.635 0.590 0.550 0.495
Mean 0.780 0.720 0.691 - 0.625 - 0.532

a) i) Calculate the mean concentration of glucose in mg per ml of

blood at 45 and 75 minutes.

Record your answer on the table. (2mks)

ii) On the graph paper provided, plot a graph of the mean glucose
concentration against time. (6mks)

iii) What was the mean glucose concentration in the blood after 37.5
minutes? (1mk)

iv) Give a reason why it was necessary to use three rats in the
experiment instead of one. (1mk)

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v) Why was the initial concentration of glucose in the rats not the
same? (2mks)

vi) Account for the difference in mean glucose concentration during

the period. (3mks)

b) Give two reasons why glucose is the main respiratory substrate.

(2mks)

c) Give three ways in which glucose is assimilated in the body (3mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 04
4. Ten young rats were placed in a cage. The amount of food available
to the mice each day was kept constant. The results obtained were as
shown in the table below

Time in 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
months
Number of 10 10 55 105 300 445 440 180 135 150
rats

a) Using a suitable scale, plot a graph of a number of rats against

time (6mks)

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b) With reference to the graph, account for the changes in rat
population between

i) 0 to 2 months (1mk)

ii) 2 to 10 months (2mks)

iii) 10 to 12 months (2mks)

iv) 12 to 16 months (2mks)

c)i) Between which two months was the population change greatest.
(1mk)

ii) Calculate the rate of population change over the period you have
given in a) above (2mks)

d) Briefly describe how you would use the capture – recapture

method to estimate the population of grasshoppers. (4mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 05
5.An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of heat on
germination of seeds. Ten bags each containing 60 pea seeds were
placed in water-bath maintained at 850C. After an interval of two
minutes a bag was removed and seeds planted.

The number that germinated was recorded. The procedure used for
pea seeds was repeated for wattle seeds. The results were tabulated as
in the table below.

Time (Minutes) Number of seeds that germinated

Garden pea seeds Wattle seeds
0–2 60 0
2–4 60 0
4–6 44 1
6–8 40 2
8 – 10 36 28
10 – 12 11 36
12 – 14 2 41
14 – 16 1 44
16 – 18 1 47
18 – 20 0 49
20 – 22 0 49

a) Using a suitable scale and on the same axes, draw graphs of

time in hot water against number of seeds that germinated for each
plant. (7mks)

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b) i) After how many minutes would you expect 50% of wattle
seeds exposed in hot water to germinate. (1mk)

ii) What was the minimum number of minutes after exposure of

garden pea seeds to hot water was there no germination. (1mk)

c) From the graph, which of the two types of seeds was more
sensitive to heat influence on germination. Why? (1mk)

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d) Explain why the ability for the:

i) Garden pea seeds to germinate declined with the time of exposure

to heat. (3mks)

ii) Wattle seeds to germinate increased with time of exposure to

heat. (2mks)

e) What results would be expected if the temperature of water was

maintained at temperatures.

i) Above 850C (1mk)

ii) At 50C (1mk)

f) Apart from temperature state three internal factors necessary for

seed germination. (3mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 06
6. The table below shows the rate of enzyme activity at different pH
values.

pH Rate of Product formation

(mg/hr)
1 8.0
2 10.0
3 10.0
4 6.0
5 3.3
6 2.0
7 1.0
8 0.3
9 0.0
10 0.0

a) Using a suitable scale, draw a graph of the rate of product

formation against pH (6mks)

b) Account for the rate of product formation between

i) pH 1 and 3 (2mks)

ii) pH 5 and 8 (2mks)

iii) pH 9 and 10 (2mks)

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c) What is the optimum pH value for this enzyme (1mk)

d) Suppose this enzyme is a digestive in what part of the alimentary

canal would it be found (1mk)

i) Give a reason for your answer (2mks)

e) Apart from the pH, state four other factors that may affect the rate
of enzyme activities (4mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 07
7. The data below was obtained from an experiment designed to
measure the velocity of flow of water during the course of a single
day in the xylem of two trees of the same species.

Time of 0300 0600 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300 0600
day/hr
Velocity of Eucalyptus 0 45 125 140 135 85 45 25 5 0
flow/cm hr-1 species
Acacia - 5 105 135 110 45 30 25 10 0
species

a) Using the same axes, draw graphs to show the velocity of flow
against time. (8mks)

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b) At what time of the day was the velocity of flow same for the
species? (1mk)

c) Account for the shape of the graphs of eucalyptus. (4mks)

d) What forces move the water through the plant? (4mks)

e) Determine the rate of flow at 1900 hours. (2mks)

f) Suggest two features of Acacia that lead to the difference in the

velocity of flow. (2mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 08
8. The figure below shows the changes in the concentration of various
substances in a river following the discharge of untreated sewage
into it. Study it and answer the questions that follow

a) Account for the changes in the concentration of:

i) Organic matter (3mks)
ii) Nutrient ions (2mks)
iii) Dissolved oxygen (4mks)

b) Describe the changes you would expect to observe with respect to:
i) Fish population (3mks)
ii) Water plants and photosynthetic algae (4mks)

c) State four ways of controlling the type of pollution illustrated

above (4mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 09
9. In the experiment, the population growth of yeast cells in a Petri
dish was determined over a period of 75 minutes. The results
below were obtained.

Time in Number of
minutes yeast cells
0 4
5 6
10 8
15 10
25 30
30 50
35 80
40 120
45 140
50 150
55 160
65 166
75 166

a) Using a suitable scale, plot a graph of number of cells against time in

minutes (6 marks)

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b) Name the type of the curve you have drawn above (1 mark)

c) Determine the number of yeast cells after 37 minutes (1 mark)

d) After how long was the population of yeast cells 144? (1 mark)

e) Work out the rate of cell division between 32 minute and 42 minute
(2 marks)

f) Account for the shape of graph between 45 th minute and 60th minute
(3 marks)

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g) In a field study to estimate the population of grasshoppers in the
school field of 4 km2, 60 grasshoppers were caught using sweep nets,
marked with red paint and released back to the field. The following
day students went back with their sweep nets and caught 100
grasshoppers, in which 20 were found to be already marked.

i) Calculate the population size of grasshoppers in the field

(2 marks)

ii) Calculate the population density of the grasshoppers in the field

(2 marks)

iii) What factors would maintain the population of grasshoppers and

yeast cells at the carrying capacity. (2 marks)

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 QUESTION NO. 10

10. An experiment was set up to investigate the effect of light on the

rate of photosynthesis in the shoot of a water weed. The shoot was
immersed in a 2% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. The gas given
off by the shoot was collected for five minutes at different light
intensities and the volume measured. The results obtained are shown
in the table below.

Light intensity(arb units) 1 2 3 5 10 20 30 40 50

0.35 0.6 0.85 1.20 1.55 1.70 1.80 1.79 1.79
Gas collected
(cm3/5minutes)

a) Using the data given in the table, plot a graph of volume of the gas
collected against the light intensity (6mrks)

b) Account for the rate of gas production in the following intervals of

light intensity.

i) 1 - 10 (2mrks)

ii) 30 - 50 (2mrks)

c) What is the use of sodium hydrogen carbonate in this experiment.

(1mrk)

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d) State the products of light stage of photosynthesis. (2mrks)

e) State the functions of each of the products of the dark stage of

photosynthesis in man (3mrks)

f) Why are plants referred to us as producers in an ecosystem.(2mrks)

(g) Other than light intensity, name two other factors that affect the
rate of photosynthesis. (2mrks)

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 QUESTION NO. 11
11. An investigation was carried out between 2003 and 2012 to study
the changes of fish population in a certain small lake. Four
species of fish, T, W, M, P were found to live in this lake. In
2004 a factory was built near the lake raising the average
temperature from 25oC to 30oC. In 2005 sewage and industrial
waste from a nearby town was diverted into the lake. 2007,
discharge of hot water, sewage and industrial waste into the lake
was stopped. The fish population during the period of
investigation are shown in the table below.

Fish 2003 2005 2007 2009 2010 2011 2012

species
T 5900 200 17 100 700 4300 8000
W 300 25 8 19 60 400 508
M 30 120 0 0 0 0 0
P 4300 260 25 30 35 510 807

(a) (i) In which year were the fish population lowest? (1mark)

(ii) State the factors that might have caused the lowest fist population
during the year you have stated in (a)(i) above (3marks)

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 (iii) Explain how each factor you have stated in (a)(ii) above could
have brought about the changes in fish population (6marks)
(b) (i) What is the difference in the rate of population recovery of
species T and P? (3marks)

(ii) Suggest two biological factors that could have led to this
difference (2marks)

(c) (i) State a method that might have been used in estimating the fish
population in the lake? (1mark)

(ii) State one advantage of the method you have stated in (c) (i)
above (1mark)
(iii) State three limitations of the method named in (c) (i) above.
. 3mrk

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 QUESTION NO. 12
12. The relationship between oxygen concentration, sugar
consumption and potassium ion uptake in isolated wheat roots was
determined. The results obtained were tabulated as shown below. The
loss of sugar and potassium uptake or gain are in arbitrary units.
Percentage oxygen in aerotun stream

0 5 10 15 20 30 100
Sugar loss 15 20 43 45 45 44 43
Potassium ion gain 5 55 70 75 75 72 70

(a) Plot graphs of sugar loss and potassium ions gain against
oxygen concentration on the same axes. (6mks)

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(b) Name the process by which potassium ions is taken by the roots.
Give reason for your answer (4mks)

(c) Account for sugar loss and potassium ions gain.

(i) 0% oxygen concentration (2mks)
(ii) Between 5% and 20% oxygen concentration (2mks)

(d) Suggest two factors necessary for the above process apart from
oxygen (2mks)

(e) State two ways by which the process above can be stopped (2mks)

(f) Name two main areas in a mammalian body where the above
process occurs. (2mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 13
13. During germination and growth of a cereal, the dry weight of the
endosperm, the embryo and total dry weight were determined at two
day intervals. The results are shown in the table below.

Time after Dry weight of Dry weight of Total dry

planting (Days) endosperm (mg) embryo (mg) weight (mg)
0 43 2 45
2 40 2 42
4 33 7 40
6 20 17 37
8 10 25 35
10 6 33 39

a) On the same axes, draw graphs of dry weight of endosperm, embryo and
the total dry weight against time. (7mks)

b) What was the total dry weight on day 5? (1mk)

c) Account for

i) Decrease in dry weight of endosperm from day 0 to day 10. (2mks)

ii) Increase in dry weight of embryo from day 0 to day 10. (2mks)

iii) Decrease in total dry weight from day 0 to day 8. (1mk)

iv) Increase in dry weight after day 8. (1mk)

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d) State two factors within the seed and two outside the seed that
cause dormancy.

i) Factors within the seed. (2mks)

ii) Factors outside the seed. (2mks)

e) Give two characteristics of meristematic cells. (2mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 14
14.A group of students carried out a study of the population growth
of flour weevils. They put 16grams of maize flour into two equal
boxes K and L respective . They then introduced equal numbers of
weevils into the boxes. The boxes were kept under similar
environmental conditions. The weevils were counted at intervals and
the results recorded in the table below.

No. of days after introduction of weevils Approximate No. of weevils present.

K L
0 20 20
5 20 20
40 200 300
60 550 800
80 560 1300
100 650 1750
120 640 1750
135 650 1740
150 645 1748

(a) Using a suitable scale, draw two graphs on the same axes from
the results in the table. Plot approximate number of weevils present
on the Y – axis ( Use graph paper provided) (8mks)

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b). What were the approximate number of weevils present in the two boxes
on the 70th day. (2mks)
Number in K:
Number in L:

(c)(i)On what day was the population of weevils in K 580. (1mk)

(ii)Between which days was the population difference greatest (1mk)

(d)Account for the shape of graph L between day 5 and day 100.(4 mks)

(e) State factors that would make the human species assume the graph
curve above in K.(4mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 15
15. In an experiment to investigate the effects of light intensity on
the rate of photosynthesis, a shoot of elodea (water weed) was used.
The shoot was immersed in 2% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution
maintained at 15oC in an apparatus which allowed for collection of a
gas evolved from the shoot. The gas given off was collected for five
minutes at each light intensity and its volume recorded as shown
below.

1 2 4 7 12 18 26 37 46
Light
intensity
(arbitrary
units)
Gas 0.45 0.70 0.95 1.40 1.75 1.82 1.90 1.90 1.90
evolved
(cm3 per
5 min)

(a) Using the data given in the table plot a suitable graph of gas
evolved against light intensity (6mks)

(b) Account for the rate of gas evolved

(i) 1 and 18 arbitrary units (3mks)

(ii) 26-46 arbitrary units (2mks)

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(c) Explain why a green leaf is normally tested for the presence of
starch instead of glucose (2mks)

(d) How is the dry mass of a leaf determined (3mks)

(e) Describe how the chloroplast is adapted to its functions (4mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 16
16. (a) An experiment was carried out to investigate the population of a
certain micro-organism. Two Petri-dishes were used. Into the
petridish labelled M, 60cm3 of a culture medium was placed while
30cm3 of the same culture medium was placed in Petri-dish labelled N
equal numbers of micro organisms were introduced in both Petri
dishes. The set ups were then incubated at 35 0C. The number of
micro-organisms in each was determined at irregular intervals for a
period of 60 hours. The results were as shows in the table below.

Relative number of M 40 40 180 280 1200 1720 1600 1840 1560 600
microorganisms

N 40 40 120 200 680 560 560 600 600 400

Time in hours 0 5 10 15 23 30 35 42 45 60

(i) On the same axes, draw the graphs of relative number of

microorganisms against time on the grid provided. (7mks)

(ii) After how many hours was the difference between the two
populations greatest? (1mk)

(iii) Work out difference between the two populations at 50 hours.2mks

(iv) With a reason state the effect on the population of microorganisms

in petridish M if the temperature was raised to 600C after 20hours. 2mks

(v) Account for the shape of the curve for population in petridish N
between 46 hours and 59 hours. (3mks)

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(b) Explain how the osmotic pressure of the mammalian blood is
maintained constant. (5mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 17
17. Two persons A and B drunk volumes of concentrated solutions of
glucose. The amounts of glucose in their blood was determined at
intervals. The results are shown in the table below.

Time in Glucose level in blood

minutes (mg/100cm3)
A
B
0 87 84
15 112 123
30 139 170
45 116 188
60 100 208
90 95 202
120 92 144
150 88 123

(a) On the grid provided, plot graphs of glucose level in blood

against time on the same axes. (7marks)

(b) What was the concentration of glucose in the blood of

person A and B at the 20th minute? (2 marks)
A.

B.

(c) Suggest why glucose level in person A stopped rising after 30

minutes while it continued to rise in person B. (2marks)

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 (d) Account for the decrease in glucose level of person A after 30
minutes and person B after 60 minutes. (4marks)
A.

B.

(e)Name the compound that stores energy released during oxidation

of glucose. (1mark)

(f) Explain what happens to the excess amino acids in the body. (4marks)

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 QUESTION NO. 18
18. The table below shows how the quantities of sweat and urine vary
with external temperature.

External Urine Sweat

temperature C cm³/hr cm³/hr
0 100 5
5 90 6
10 80 10
15 70 20
20 60 30
25 50 60
30 40 120
35 30 200
(a) On the same graph, plot the quantities of urine and sweat produced
against the external temperature. (7mks)

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(b) At what temperature are the amounts of sweat and urine
produced equal? (1mk)

(c) What happens to the amount of sweat produced as the

temperature rises? Explain the observation. (3mks)

(d) Explain the observation made on the amount of urine produced

as the temperature increases. (3mks)

(e) How is the skin adapted for temperature regulation? (6mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 19
19. During germination and growth of a cereal, the dry weight of
endosperm, the embryo and total dry weight were determined at two-
day intervals. The results are shown in the table below.
Time after planting Dry weight Dry weight Total dry
of of embryo weight (mg)
endosperm (mg)
0 43 2 45
2 40 2 42
4 33 7 40
6 20 17 37
8 10 25 35
10 6 33 39

(a) Using the same axes, draw graphs of dry weight of endosperm,
embryo and the total dry weight against time. (8mks)

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(b) What is the total dry weight on day 5? (1mk)

(c) Account for:

(i) Decrease in dry weight for endosperm from day 0 to 10. (2mks)
(ii) Increase in dry weight of embryo from day 0 to 10. (2mks)
(iii) Decrease in total dry weight from day 0 to day 8. (2mks)
(iv) Increase in total dry weight after day 8. (1mk)

(d) State one cause of dormancy: (2mks)

(i) Within a seed
(ii) Outside the seed

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 QUESTION NO. 20
20. You have been provided with the data below on the growth of mice
population. The population starts with two sexually mature mice, a male
and a female. Every time they reproduce they reproduce in litter of six (3
males and 3 females) at 7 weeks intervals. Assume that they take 14
weeks to sexually mature and produce. They only die of old age when
they are 3 years old.

The following table shows population growth and litter production.

Time interval in 0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49
weeks
Mice population 2 8 14 28 62 104 146 260
Litter population 0 6 6 24 24 42 42 114

(a) Using the same axis draw graphs of population of mice and litter
against time. (8 marks)

(b)(i) How many times has the first litter of mice reproduced.(1 mark)

(ii)How many times has the third litter of mice reproduced? (1 mark)

(c) State four factors that may have affected the population growth
of mice. (4 marks)

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(d) Explain the shape of the litter curve. (4 marks)

(e) How many pairs of mice reproduced between 14 - 21st weeks

and 42 - 49 weeks? (2 marks)

(i) Between 14 – 21st weeks.

(ii) Between 42 – 49 weeks.

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 QUESTION NO. 21
21. In an experiment, a plant was exposed to different light intensities
and a range of carbon (IV) oxide concentration in a green house. Rate
of photosynthesis was then determined using the product formed. The
product was measured in mg-sec(s).

(a) Plot a graph of rate of photosynthesis against carbon (IV) oxide

concentration. (7mks)

GRAPH

(b) (i)At what interval of carbon (IV) oxide was the rate of
photosynthesis determined? (1mk)

(ii) The amount of carbon (IV) oxide in the atmosphere air is

about 0.03%. What was the rate of photosynthesis at this
concentration in dim light? (1mk)

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(c) Suggest the factors which was limiting the rate of photosynthesis
between 0.12 and 0.20% carbon (IV) oxide in:
(i) Dim light. (2mks)
(ii) Bright light. (2mks)

(d) (i) Explain the advantages of the leaf being broad and flat. (2mks)
(ii) What is the fate of excess products of photosynthesis? (2mks)

(e)Describe how photosynthesis theory accounts for changes on

stomata rhythm during the day. (5mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 22
22. An experiment to investigate the population of a certain type of
micro-organism was carried out. Two petri-dishes labeled X and Y
were used into the petri-dish labeled X, 60ml of a culture medium were
added while 15ml of the same culture medium were placed in the petri-
dish labeled Y. Equal numbers of micro-organisms were introduced in
both petri-dishes. The set-ups were incubated at 35°C. The number of
micro-organisms in each petri-dish was determined at regular intervals
for a period of 60 hours. The results were as shown in the graph below.

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[a] At what intervals were the numbers of micro-organisms
determined. [1 mark]

[b] After how many hours was the population in each petri-dish
highest? Indicate the population in each case

Petri-dish X: [2 marks]

Time:

Population:

Petri-dish Y: [2 marks]

Time:

Population:

[c]. After how many hours was the difference in the two populations
greatest?

[d]. Account for the shape of curve Y between.

[i]. 0 – 5 hours [2 marks]

[ii]. 5 - 25 hours [2 marks]

[iii]. 25 – 50 hours [2 marks]

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[e]. Account for the high numbers of micro-organisms in petri-dish
X after 25 hours. [2 marks]

[f]. With reasons give the effects on the population of micro-

organisms if after 10 hours the petri-dishes were kept at;

[i]. 10°C

Reason [2 marks]

[ii]. 60°C

Reason [2 marks]

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 QUESTION NO. 23
23. Two persons X and Y drunk volume of concentrated solutions of
glucose. The amount of glucose in their blood was determined at
intervals. The results are as shown in the table below.

Time (Min) Glucose level in blood (mg/100cm3)

X Y
0 87 84
15 112 123
30 139 170
45 116 188
60 100 208
90 95 202
120 92 144
150 88 123

a) On the grid provided, plot graphs of glucose level in the blood of X

and Y against time, on the same axis. (8mks)

(b) What was the concentration of glucose in blood of X and Y at 20 th

minote? (2mks)
X:
Y:

(c) Suggest why the glucose level in person X stopped rising after 30
minutes while that of person Y kept on rising. (2mks)

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(d) Account on decrease in glucose level in person X after 30 minutes
and Y after 60 minutes. (4mks)

(e) Name the compound that stores energy released during oxidation
of glucose in cells (1mk)

(f) Explain what happens to excess amino acids in man (2mks)

(g) State the assimilation of fatty acids and glycerol in man (1mk)

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 QUESTION NO. 24
24. A group of students did an experiment to estimate the population
of grasshoppers in a plot. They swept the ground ten times with a net
and recorded the number of grasshoppers in each of the ten samples.
The table below shows the results obtained.
Sample number No of grasshopper Cumulative total
1 35 35
2 31 66
3 28 94
4 23 117
5 20
6 18
7 15
8 11
9 8
10 6

(a)Complete the cumulative total column in the results table.(3 marks)

(b) (i) On the grid provided plot the number of grasshoppers

collected per sample against the cumulative total. (6 marks)

GRAPH

(ii) From your graph estimate the population of grasshoppers in the

plot.

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(c) The number of grasshoppers in this study cannot be adequately
determined by this method. What would you consider to be the two
main sources of error in this method?

(d) A fish farmer wanted to know the number of fish in his pond.
He collected ten fish from the pond and labelled each by tying a tag
lag label on its fin, and returned the fish to the pond to mix with other
fish. When he later collected a sample of 50 fish from the same pond,
he found out that 4 of them had tag labels.

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(i) From the information estimate the total number of fish in the
pond. Show your working. (4 marks)

(ii) What assumption is made in this method of estimating size of

population? (2 marks)

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 QUESTION NO. 25
(25) The cells of Tradescantia plant were found to have an average
diameter of 2.5ΏM. The cells were placed in varying concentrations
of sugar solution. The diameter of the cells in each solution was
determined and results obtained were as shown below.

Percentage of Diameter of cell

sugar (MM)
concentration
1 5.0
5 4.0
10 3.0
15 2.0
20 1.5
25 1.0

a) Draw a graph of diameter of cells against percentage of sugar

concentration on the graph provided. (6 marks)

b) From the graph determine the concentration of the cell sap.

(1 mark)

c) Give an explanation for the average diameter of cells placed in

2.5% sugar solution. (4 marks)

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d) Describe the difference in appearance between cytoplasm before and
after cells being placed in 25% sugar solution. (2 marks)

e) Account for the appearance of red blood cells when viewed under
light microscope after they were placed in 25% sugar solution and left
for 10 minutes. (3 marks)

f) State the importance of the process under investigation to the plants.

4mrks

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 QUESTION NO. 26
(26) The table below shows the changes observed in the dry weight
(in milligrams) of a barley seedling, its embryo and endosperm during
the first ten days after the onset of germination.

DRY WEIGHT IN MILLIGRAMS

TIME EMBRYO ENDOSPERM WHOLE
(DAYS) SEEDLING
0 2 41 45
2 2 39 43
4 7 32 41
6 15 21 38
8 22 11 35
10 35 6 43

(a) Using a suitable scale on the same axis, plot graphs of dry weight
of embryo endosperm and whole seedling against time. (8 mks)

GRAPH

(b) State and account for the changes in dry weight shown by:
(i) Embryo (4 mks)
(ii) Endosperm (4 mks)

(c) Explain the role of water during germination. (4 mks)

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 Page | 57
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 QUESTION NO. 27
27. The relationship between oxygen concentration and sugar
consumption in isolated roots of sorghum was determined. The
results are shown in the table below. The loss of sugar and potassium
uptake are in arbitrary units.

% Oxygen concentration

0 5 10 15 20 100
Sugar loss 15 20 42 45 45 48
Potassium 5 55 70 73 75 70
gain

(a) Plot graphs of sugar loss and potassium gain against percentage of
oxygen concentration in the same axis. (6mks)

GRAPH

(b) Name the process by which potassium is taken in by root hairs.

Give reasons for your answer.
Process: 1mk)

Reasons. (1mk)

(c) Account for the sugar loss and potassium gain at:
(i) 0% oxygen concentration. (2mks)

(ii) Between 5% and 20% oxygen concentration. (2mks)

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(d) Apart from oxygen concentration, give two other factors that are
necessary for the above process. (2mks)

(e)State two ways in which you can stop the above process from taking
place. (2mks)

(f) Name two main areas in the mammalian body where the above
process is involved. (2mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 28
28. A man carried out an experiment to find out the effect of water
and 0.9% salt solution on urine production.on the first day he drunk
one liter of water(X).on the second day he repeated the experiment
but instead of water,he drunk one litre of 0.9% salt solution(Y).
The experimental results are shown in the table below.
Time 0.0 1.0 1.5 2.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5
(hours)

Amount of X 80 60 360 520 60 100 40 60

urine
produced Y 40 40 40 45 100 60 80 100
3
in cm per
hour

a) Using a suitable scale draw graphs of urine produced in cm3per hour

against time. (8mks)

GRAPH

b). From the graph determine the:

(i)Amount of urine produced in the second hour when the man had drunk.
(1mk)

(ii)The rate of urine production between the first and second hour after
the man had drunk one liters of water. Show your working.

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(c) What does the shape of the curve representing column X tell us
about the rate of urine production?

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d) Explain the differences between the rate of production in graph
X and Y. (2mks)

e) Why do you think drinking one liter of (0.9%) sodium chloride

solution made little difference to the output? (2mks)

f. What does the comparisons of the results of the experiment

indicate about the effect of the Kidneys on the osmotic pressure of the
blood plasma? (2mks)

g. What does the results of the experiment indicate about the effect
of the kidneys on the volume of blood plasma? (2mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 29
29. An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of
hormones on growth of lateral buds of three pea plants.

The shoots were treated as follows;

Shoot A – Apical bud was removed
Shoot B – Apical bud was removed and gibberellic acid placed on the
cut shoot.
Shoot C - Apical bud was left intact.

The length of branches developed from lateral buds was determined at

reular intervals.
The results obtained are as shown in the table below:
Length of Shoot in millimeters

Time in days Shoot A

millimetrtes Shoot B Shoot C
0 3 3 3
2 10 12 3
4 28 48 8
6 50 90 14
8 80 120 20
10 118 152 26

(a) Using the same axes, draw graphs to show length of branches
against time. (8mks)
GRAPH
(b) (i) What was the length of the branch in Shoot B on the 7 th
day? (1mk)
(ii)What would be the expected length of the branch developing
from Shoot A on the 11th day? (1mk)

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(c) Account for the result obtained in the experiment. (6mks)

(d) Why was Shoot C included in the experiment? (1mk)

(e) What is the importance of gibberellic acid in Agriculture? (1mk)

(f) State two physiological processes that are brought about by the
application of gibberellic acid on plants. (2mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 30

30. Some students used a model to demonstrate the effect of sweating

on human body temperature. Two boiling tubes A and B were filled
with hot water. The temperature of water in tubes was taken at the
start of the experiment and then at 5 minutes interval. The surface of
tube A was continuously wiped with a piece of cotton wool soaked in
methylated spirit. The results obtained are shown in the table below

Time Temperature °C in
A B
(minutes) table
0 80 80
5 54 67
10 40 59
15 29 52
20 21 47
25 18 46

(a) On the same axes plot graphs of temperature of water in the

tubes against time. (6mks)

GRAPH

(b) At what rate was water cooling in tube A. (1mk)

(c) Why was tube B included in the set up. (1mk)

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(d) Account for the rate of cooling in tube A. (3mks)

(e) State two processes of heat loss in tube B. (2mks)

(f) What would be the expected results in tube A if it was

insulated? (1mk)

(g) What would the insulation be compared to in: (2mks)

(i) Bird
(ii) Mammals

(h) Name the structure in human body that detect: (2mks)

(i) External temperature changes.
(ii)Internal temperature changes.

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 QUESTION NO. 31
6. An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of
temperature on the rate of reaction catalyzed by an enzyme. The results
are shown in the table below.

Temperature (0C) Rate of reaction in mg of

products per unit time
5 0.2
10 0.5
15 0.8
20 1.1
25 1.5
30 2.1
35 3.0
40 3.7
45 3.4
50 2.8
55 2.1
60 1.1

(a)On the grid provided, draw a graph of rate of reaction against

temperature. (6mks)

GRAPH

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 Page | 68
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 QUESTION NO. 32
32.
Time Blood glucose
(hrs) (Mg/100ml)
Person A Person B
0 90 120
1 220 360
2 160 370
3 100 380
4 90 240
5 90 200
6 90 160

a) Draw a graph of blood sugar levels of persons A and B against

time on the same axis. (7marks)

GRAPH

b) Explain each of the following observation:-

i) Blood sugar level increased in person A between 0 and 1hr. (2mark)

ii) The blood sugar level dropped in person A between 1 and 4
hours. (2marks)
iii) From the graph, what is the normal blood glucose sugar level for
human beings? (1mark)

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c) Suggest a reason for the high sugar level in person B. (2marks)

d) How can high blood sugar level in person B controlled? (1mark)

e) What is the biological significance of maintaining a relatively

constant sugar level in a Human being? (3marks)

f) Account for the decrease in the blood glucose level of person B

after 4hours. (2marks)

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 QUESTION NO. 33
33. The mean dry weight (mg) of germinating wheat grains was
worked out for a whole grain(total dry weight),endosperm and
embryo.The means were determined at two days interval for fourteen
days. The results are as tabulated below.

Time(days) Dry weight(mg)

Endosperm Embryo Total
0 47 5 52
2 44 5 49
4 39 8 47
6 22 17 39
8 10 28 38
10 4 35 39
12 2 42 44
14 2 44 46
(a) Using the same axis ,draw graphs for dry weight of endosperm,
embryo and total against time (8mks)
GRAPH

(b) What was the average dry weight of embryo on day II? (1mk)

(c) Account for the shape of the curve for

(i) Embryo from day 2 to day 12 (2mks)

(ii) Total dry weight (gm) from day 0 to day 14 (2mks)

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 (d) After how long was the dry weight of

(i) Endosperm 30g? (1mk)

(ii) Embryo 35g ? (1mk)

(e) (i) Explain the role of water in seed germination (3mks)

(ii) Other than water, what two environmental factors are required
for seed germination? (2mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 34
34. The glucose level in mg per 100cm3 of blood was determined in
two person Y and Z. Both had stayed for six hours without taking
food. They were fed on equal amount of glucose at the start of the
experiment .The amount of glucose in their blood was determined at
intervals .The results are shown in the table below.

Times in Glucose level in

minutes blood in mg /100cm3
Y Z
0 85 78
20 105 110
30 105 110
45 130 170
60 100 195
80 93 190
100 90 140
120 90 130
140 88 120

a) On the grid provided, plot graphs of glucose levels in blood

against time on the same axes. (7mks)

GRAPH

b) What was the concentration of glucose in the blood of Y and Z

at the 50th minute? (2mks)

Y.

Z.

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c) Account for the level of glucose in present Y

i) During the first 45 minutes. (2mks)

ii) After 45th minute to the end. (4mks)

d) Account for the decrease in glucose level person Z after 60

minutes. (2mks)

e) Low blood sugar level in harmful to the body .Explain. (3mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 35
35. An investigation was carried out between 1964 and 1973 to study the
changes in fish population in a certain lake. Four species of fish A, B, C and
D were found to live in the lake. In 1965, a factory was built near the lake
and was found to discharge hot water in the lake raising the temperature
from 25o c to 30o c. In 1967, sewage and industrial waste from a nearby town
was diverted into the lake. In 1969, discharge of hot water, sewage and
industrial waste into the lake was stopped. The fish populations during the
period of investigation are shown in the table below.
Fish population during the period of investigation
Fish 1964 1966 1968 1970 1971 1971 1973
species
A 6102 223 20 106 660 4071 7512
B 208 30 11 22 63 311 405
C 36 100 0 0 0 0 0
D 4521 272 23 27 79 400 617

a) (i) In which year was the fish population lowest? (1mrk)

(ii)State the factors that might have caused the lowest fish
populations during the year you have stated in (a) (i) above.
(3mrks)

(iii)Explain how each factor you have stated in (a) (ii) above could
have brought about the changes in the fish populations. (11mks)

(iv) Why did fish species C remain 0 after 1969? (1mrk)

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b). Other than the factors stated in (a) (i) above, state other four that
may affect the population of fish in the lake. (4mrks)

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 QUESTION NO. 36
36. The table below shows the population of a housefly musca
domestica which is parasitized by wasps of species Nasonia spp. The
investigation of their population growth pattern was carried out for 70
weeks. In these experimental space and physical factors were
assumed to be limiting.

a) Using the readings in the table, plot graphs on the same axis of
population growth of organisms against time.(8 marks)

GRAPH

b) Account for the growth of

i) Musca domestica between 10th week — 25th week. (1 mark)
ii) Nasonia species between 40th week –50th week. (1 mark)

c) What is the population of?

i) Nasonia spp. on the 62nd week? (1 mark)
ii) Musca doniestica on the 4th week? (1 mark)

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d)Bemex, another parasite of housefly was introduced into the
ecosystem. Giving a reason; what will be the effect on the population
of
i) Housefly Musca domestica. (2 marks)
ii) Nasonia Spp. (2 marks)

e) In estimating the population of Musca domestica in the experiment

above. Capture-mark release recapture method was used. Describe the
procedure which was followed. (4 marks)

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 QUESTION NO. 37
37. A man was starved for 24hours.He was then served with a
balanced diet after which the concentration of glucose in the hepatic
and hepatic portal veins were determined at interval of 1 hour for the
next 8 hours after the meal.

The results were as shown in the graph below.

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(a) From the graph state the normal concentration of glucose in man. 1mk

(b) Determine the concentration of glucose after 2 ½ hrs. (2mks)

(c) Calculate the rate of glucose between 1 - 2 hours in hepatic portal

vein. (2mks)

(d) Account for the blood sugar level in hepatic portal vein and hepatic
vein between; (4mks)

(i) 0- 1hour

(ii) 2 - 4 hours. (6mks)

(e) A patient was found to produce urine that tasted sweet. Name the
disease he was likely to be suffering from. (1mk)

(f) How would you test for the disease in your school laboratory. (3mks)

(g) What advice would you give to a patient whose blood contains
abnormal high levels of urea. (1mk)

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 QUESTION NO. 38
6. Carbohydrates used during respiration and those formed during
photosynthesis by a certain plant was measured over a period of 24
hours at an interval of 3 hours
Time of day 12AM 3AM 6AM 9AM 12PM 3PM 6PM 9PM 11PM
Carbohydrates formed 0 0 5 30 60 30 5 0 0
during photosynthesis
(mg)
Carbohydrates used 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
during respiration
(mg)

Using the same axes,

(a) Plot a graph of carbohydrate formed during photosynthesis and

carbohydrate used during respiration against time. (7mks)

GRAPH

(b) Calculate the net carbohydrate formed by the plant. (2mks)

(c) At what time of the day do the light compensation points occur?
(2mks)

(d) Account for the shape of graph on carbohydrates.

(i) Between 12.00a.m and 3a.m. (2mks)

(ii) Between 3.00a.m to 12.00 noon. (2mks)

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(e) How could foggy weather influence the net amount of
carbohydrates formed over the 24-hour period? (1mk)

(f) Give other external factors apart from temperature and light
intensity that influence the rate of photosynthesis. (2mks)

(g) In which form are carbohydrates stored in

(i) Plant bodies. (1mks)

(ii) Fungi (1mk)

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 QUESTION NO. 39
39. Two sets of a pea seeds were germinated, set A was placed in
normal daylight conditions in the laboratory while set B was placed in
a dark cupboard. Starting a few days later the shoots lengths were
measured twice daily and their mean lengths recorded as shown in the
table below.

(a) Using suitable scale draw the graphs of the mean lengths in set
A and B against time.

GRAPH

(b) From the graph state the mean shoot length of each set of
seedling at the 66th hour (2mks)

(c) Account for the difference of curve B and A (3 mks)

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(d) Explain what would happen to set up B if it were allowed to
continue to grow under conditions of darkness (4mks)

(e) State three external conditions which should be constant for

both set ups (3mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 40
40. An experiment was carried out to investigate the nutritional value
of two dry powder animals feeds X and Y over a period of six
months. Twenty 5 month’s old castrated goats were use. The goats
were divided into two equal groups A and B. The animal’s in group A
were fed on feed X throughout the experiment while those of group B
were fed on feed Y.

The feeds were supplemented with dry hay and water. The average
body weight of each group of goats and the weight of the dry powder
feeds were determined and recorded each month. The faeces produced
by each group was dried and weighed and the average dry faecal
output per month was also recorded. The results are as shown below.

GROUP A GROUP B

Months since Average Average Average Average Average Average

commencement total weight monthly total weight monthly
of the weight of of total dry faecal weight of of total dry faecal
experiment goats(Kg) feed(Kg) output(Kg) goats(Kg) feed(Kg) output(Kg)
0 20.4 26.7 10.5 20.5 35.4 16.5
1 22.5 27.5 10.7 19.5 34.3 17.7
2 24.5 25.8 10.3 19.0 35.2 17.2
3 26.3 18.5 8.8 18.5 36.1 17.5
4 28.0 16.6 7.2 17.1 36.0 16.9
5 29.4 16.3 6.0 16.3 35.8 16.8
6 29.5 16.1 5.6 15.6 35.5 16.6

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a) i)What is the relationship between the amount of feed and the faecal
output (2 marks)
ii) Work out the average increase in weight for the animal’s in group A
during:

The first four months

The last two months (4 marks)

iii) Account for the average increase weight in goats in group A

during:
The first four months

The last two months (4 marks)

iv) Which of the two feeds is more nutritious?

Give reason for your answer (2 marks)

b) Explain the digestion of lipids in humans (8 marks)

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 QUESTION NO. 41
41. The table below show the relative numbers of three main species
of organisms in a pond.
Depth in 0.00 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.75 2.00 2.50 3.00
meters
Number of R 0 0 0 0 8 25 34 15 0
organisms in Q 20 160 190 165 115 10 0 0 0
thousands P 10 25 40 53 45 18 5 2 0

a) Using the same axes, draw the graphs to show number of

organisms against depth. (8mks)

GRAPH

b) Which of the three species is widely distributed within the pond?

(1mk)

(c) Giving a reason for your answer, which of the species is a

producer?
Producer. (1mk)

Reason (1mk)

d) At which depth are the population of the species the same? (1mk)

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e) Giving a reason for your answer which of the species is a primary
and secondary consumer? (4mks)

Primary consumer.

Reason

Secondary consumer.

Reason

(f) Explain two ways in which the following are adapted to their
functions.

(i) Palisade layer (2mks)

(ii) Cuticle (2mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 42
6. In an experiment to determine the effect of exercise on the
concentration of lactic acid in blood, the following data was
obtained. Study the data and use it to answer the questions that
follow.

The lactic acid concentration was measured before, during and after
the exercise.

Time minutes 0 10 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Lactic acid conc. 0.5 0.5 5 13 12 8 6 4 3 2 1 0.9
(arbituary units)

a) Using a suitable scale, plot a graph of the concentration of lactic

acid against time. (6mks)

GRAPH

b) From the graph you have drawn determine

(i) The period of exercise . Explain. (2mks)

(ii) The time when oxygen debt occurred Explain. (2mks)

(iii) The duration it took to pay back the oxygen debt. Explain (2mks)

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c) On the same set of axes plot a hypothetical curve for oxygen intake
during the experiment period of 90 minutes. (2mks)

d) Why does lactic acid level usually continue to rise in the blood
after exercise ceases. (2mks)

e) Suggest the two importance of anaerobic respiration to animals.

(2mks)

f) What is oxygen debt? (2mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 43
6. The table below shows how the internal temperature two
animals X and Y varied with the external temperature. The
temperature was measured regularly and recorded for 12 hours in a
day. Study the table and answer the questions that follow.

Time 6.0am 7.0am 8.0am 9.0a I0.0am 11.0am 12.0 1.0pm 2.0pm 3.0pm 4.0pm 5.0p
m m
External 2 10 15 18 24 30 35 37 39 28 25 20
temp. (°c)
Internal X 2 9 14 17.5 23 30 34 37 38 29 26 20
temp.(°c)
Internal Y 36 37 38 37 36 37 38 37 36 37 38 37
temp.(°c)

a) Using the same grid, draw graphs of external temperature, and

internal temperature of animals X and Y

(Y-axes) against time (X-axes). (7mks)

GRAPH

b) Account for the variation of internal and external temperatures for

the animals X and Y. (2mks)

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c) Identify the classification of organisms whose internal temperature
varies as X and Y (2mks)

d) Explain two ways used by organism Y to make its internal

temperature vary as shown despite of changes in external temperature.
(4mks)

e) Fish is one of the organisms which get adapted to live under

varying external temperatures. Apart from being adapted to live
under varying external temperatures, describe five other
modifications that enable it to live in water successfully. (5mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 44
43. An experiment was carried out to investigate, haemolysis of
human cells. The red blood cells were placed in different
concentration of sodium chloride solution. The percentage of
haemolysed cells was determined. The results were shown in the table
below.

Salt conc. (g/100cm3) 0.33 0.36 0.38 0.39 0.42 0.44 0.48

Red blood cells 100 91 82 69 30 15 0

haemolysed %

(a) (i) On the grid provided plot a graph of haemolysed red blood
cells against salt concentration. (6mks)

GRAPH

(ii) At what concentration of salt solution was the proportion of

haemolysed cells equal to non-haemolysed cells? (1mk)

(iii) State the percentage of red blood cells haemolysed at salt

concentration of 0.45. (1mk)

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(b) Account for the results obtained at:

(i)0.33% salt concentration (3mks)

(ii) 0.48% salt concentration (3mks)

(c) What would happen to the red blood cells if they were placed in
0.50% salt solution. (3mks)

(d) Explain what would happen to onion cells if they were placed in
distilled water. (3mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 45
45 In an experiment to investigate the dry weight changes (in
milligrams) of barley seedling, its embryo and endosperm
during the first 10 days after the onset of germination. The
results were as shown in the table below.

Time (days) Dry weight of Dry weight of Dry weight of

embryo endosperm whole seedling
0 2 41 45
2 2 39 43
4 7 32 41
8 15 21 38
6 22 11 35
10 35 6 43

(a) Using a suitable scale and on the same axes plot graphs of dry
weight of embryo, endosperm andwhole seedling against time.
(8mks)

GRAPH

b) On which day was dry weight of endosperm same as that of

embryo? (1mk)

(c) What was the dry weight of the endosperm and embryo on the 5 th
day? (1mk)

Endosperm

Embryo

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(d) Account for the change of dry weight of:
(i) Embryo between day 0-2 (2mks)

(ii) Embryo between day 2-10 (3mks)

(iii) Endosperm from day 0-8 (3mks)

(e) Name the structure that protects the radicle in hypogeal

germination. (1mk)

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 QUESTION NO. 46
46. The data below shows the rate of photosynthesis at different
temperature in attached leaves of three East African plants.
(Crotolaria, Gynandropsis and Amaranthus species) respectively
which were grown outside with the same illustration while water and
carbon (IV) oxide are not limiting factors in this experiment. Rate of
photosynthesis was expressed interms of carbon (IV) oxide uptake in
mg/mm2/hr at various temperatures as tabulated below.

Temperature Rate of photosynthesis (mg/mm2/hr)

o
C
Gynandropsis Crotolaris sp Amaranthus
sp sp
5 - 20 -
10 22 40 10
15 50 49 27
20 60 64 42
25 80 48 55
30 85 45 54
35 80 42 50
40 73 31 45
45 66 15 40
50 2 - 11

a) Represent the results graphically (rate of photosynthesis against

temperature)

MAKE A PROVISION FOR A GRAPH PAPER

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b) Using the graph in (a) above indicate optimum temperature for the
Gynandropsis and Amaranthus species. (2mks)

Gynandropsis

Amaranthus

c) Give a reason why Gynandaropsis and Amaranthus could not

function photosynthetically at 5oC. (1mk)

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d) What are the possible ecological habitats for the following plants
2mks

(i) Amaranthus

(ii) Crotolaria

e) At what temperature was the amount of carbon (IV) oxide around

the leaf of Gynandropsis highest? (1mk)

f) What raw material is required in the light stage of photosynthesis.

(1mk)

g) Name the parts of chloroplasts in which the following stages of

photosynthesis take place. (2mks)

(i) Light stage

(ii) Dark stage

h) State one structural similarity and difference between chloroplast

and mitochondria. (2mks)

Similarity

Difference

i)What is the compensation point of photosynthesis? (1mk)

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 QUESTION NO. 47
47. An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of
hormones on growth of lateral buds of three pea plants.

The shoots were treated as follows;

Shoot A – Apical bud was removed
Shoot B – Apical bud was removed and gibberellic acid placed
on the cut shoot.
Shoot C - Apical bud was left intact.

The length of branches developed from lateral buds was determined at

reular intervals.
The results obtained are as shown in the table below:

Length of Shoot in millimeters

Time in days Shoot A Shoot B Shoot C
millimetrtes
0 3 3 3
2 10 12 3
4 28 48 8
6 50 90 14
8 80 120 20
10 118 152 26

(a)Using the same axes, draw graphs to show length of branches

against time. (8mks)

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(b) (i)What was the length of the branch in Shoot B on the 7 th day?(1mk)
(ii) What would be the expected length of the branch developing
from Shoot A on the 11th day? (1mk)
(c) Account for the result obtained in the experiment. (6mks)

(d) Why was Shoot C included in the experiment? (1mk)

(e) What is the importance of gibberellic acid in Agriculture? (1mk)

(f) State two physiological processes that are brought about by the
application of gibberellic acid on plants. (2mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 48
48. Form three students in Mua secondary school studied the population growth
of two species of flour beetles. T confusum and T. casteanum. The beetles were
grown in a box with limited supply of maize flour. The box was kept in a warm
place for 200 days. The beetles were counted at certain intervals and the results
tabulated as shown below.

No of Days 0 10 50 60 80 100 120 140 180 200

No. of Beetles T. confusum 20 20 30 80 130 150 162 60 160 160
T. Casteanum 20 20 30 43 50 40 15 10 6 2

(a) Using the same axis draw the graphs of the number of beetles in the box
against time (8mks)

GRAPH

(b) How many beetles were present on the 70th day?

T. Confusum

T. Casteanum (2mks)

(c) Account for the shape of T. confusum curve between day

(i) 0 -10 (2mks)

(ii) 60-80 (2mks)

(iii) 120-140 (2mks)

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(d) (i) Suggest what happened to T. Casteanum between day 80 and 160
(2mks)

(ii) What biological phenomenon is represented by observation made in d(i)

above (1mk)

(e) State one factor that may determine the distribution of animals in a given area
(1mk)

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 QUESTION NO. 49
49. A hungry person had a meal, after the concentration of glucose and
amino acids in the blood were determined. This was measured hourly
as the blood passed through the hepatic portal vein and the iliac vein in
the leg. The results were as shown in the table below.

Time (hrs) Concentration of contents in the Concentration of contents

hepatic portal vein (mg / 100ml) in the iliac vein (mg /
100ml)
Glucose Amino acids Glucose Amino
acids
0 85 1.0 85 1.0
1 85 1.0 85 1.0
2 140 1.0 125 1.0
3 130 1.5 110 1.5
4 110 1.5 90\ 3.0
5 90 3.0 90 2.0
6 90 2.0 90 1.0
7 90 1.0 90 1.0

a) Using the same axis, draw graphs of concentration of glucose in the

hepatic portal vein and the iliac vein of the leg against time.(7 Marks)

GRAPH

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 b) Account for the concentration of glucose in the hepatic portal vein
from;
i) 0 - 1hr (2Marks)
ii) 1 - 2hrs (3Marks)
iii) 2 - 4hrs (2 Marks)
iv) 5 - 7 hrs (2 Marks)

(c) Account for the difference in concentration of glucose in hepatic

portal vein and the iliac vein between 2 and 4hrs. (3 Marks)

(d) Using the data provided in the table, explain why the concentration
of amino acids in the hepatic portal vein took longer to increase. (1Mark)

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 QUESTION NO. 50
50. The glucose level in mg per 100cm3 of blood was determined in
two person Y and Z. Both had stayed for six hours without taking
food. They were fed on equal amount of glucose at the start of the
experiment .The amount of glucose in their blood was determined at
intervals .The results are shown in the table below.
Times in Glucose level in
minutes blood in mg /100cm3
Y Z
0 85 78
20 105 110
30 105 110
45 130 170
60 100 195
80 93 190
100 90 140
120 90 130
140 88 120

a) On the grid provided, plot graphs of glucose levels in blood

against time on the same axes. (7mks)

GRAPH

b) What was the concentration of glucose in the blood of Y and Z

at the 50th minute? (2mks)

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c) Account for the level of glucose in present Y

i) During the first 45 minutes. (2mks)

ii) After 45th minute to the end. (4mks)

d) Account for the decrease in glucose level person Z after 60

minutes. (2mks)

e) Low blood sugar level in harmful to the body. Explain. (3mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 51
51. An investigation was carried out between 1964 and 1973 to study
the changes in fish population in a certain lake. Four species of fish A,
B, C and D were found to live in the lake. In 1965, a factory was built
near the lake and was found to discharge hot water in the lake raising
the temperature from 25o c to 30o c. In 1967, sewage and industrial
waste from a nearby town was diverted into the lake. In 1969, discharge
of hot water, sewage and industrial waste into the lake was stopped.
The fish populations during the period of investigation are shown in the
table below.
Fish population during the period of investigation
Fish 1964 1966 1968 1970 1971 1971 1973
species
A 6102 223 20 106 660 4071 7512
B 208 30 11 22 63 311 405
C 36 100 0 0 0 0 0
D 4521 272 23 27 79 400 617

(a)
(i) In which year was the fish population lowest? (1mrk)
(ii)State the factors that might have caused the lowest fish populations
during the year you have stated in (a) (i) above. (3mrks)
(iii)Explain how each factor you have stated in (a) (ii) above could
have brought about the changes in the fish populations. (11mrks)
iv) Why did fish species C remain 0 after 1969? (1mrk)

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b). Other than the factors stated in (a) (i) above, state other four that
may affect the population of fish in the lake. (4mrks)

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 QUESTION NO. 52
52. The table below shows the population of a housefly musca
domestica which is parasitized by wasps of species Nasonia spp. The
investigation of their population growth pattern was carried out for 70
weeks. In these experimental space and physical factors were
assumed to be limiting.

a) Using the readings in the table, plot graphs on the same

axis of population growth of organisms against time.(8 marks)

GRAPH

b) Account for the growth of

i) Musca domestica between 10th week — 25th week. (1 mark)
ii) Nasonia species between 40th week –50th week. (1 mark)

c) What is the population of?

i) Nasonia spp. on the 62nd week? (1 mark)
ii) Musca doniestica on the 4th week? (1 mark)

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d) Bemex, another parasite of housefly was introduced into the
ecosystem. Giving a reason; what will be the effect on the population
of
i) Housefly Musca domestica. (2 marks)
ii) Nasonia Spp. (2 marks)

e) In estimating the population of Musca domestica in the

experiment above. Capture-mark release recapture method was used.
Describe the procedure which was followed. (4 marks)

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 QUESTION NO. 53
53. A man was starved for 24hours.He was then served with a
balanced diet after which the concentration of glucose in the hepatic
and hepatic portal veins were determined at interval of 1 hour for the
next 8 hours after the meal.

The results were as shown in the graph below.

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 (a) From the graph state the normal concentration of glucose in man.
1mk

(b) Determine the concentration of glucose after 2 ½ hrs. (2mks)

(c) Calculate the rate of glucose between 1 - 2 hours in hepatic

portal vein. (2mks)

(d) Account for the blood sugar level in hepatic portal vein and
hepatic vein between; (4mks)

(i) 0- 1hour

(ii) 2 - 4 hours. (6mks)

(e) A patient was found to produce urine that tasted sweet. Name
the disease he was likely to be suffering from. (1mk)

(f) How would you test for the disease in your school laboratory. (3mks)

(g) What advice would you give to a patient whose blood contains
abnormal high levels of urea. (1mk)

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 QUESTION NO. 54
54. Carbohydrates used during respiration and those formed during
photosynthesis by a certain plant was measured over a period of 24
hours at an interval of 3 hours
Time of day 12AM 3AM 6AM 9AM 12P 3PM 6PM 9PM 11PM
M
Carbohydrates formed 0 0 5 30 60 30 5 0 0
during photosynthesis
(mg)
Carbohydrates used 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
during respiration
(mg)

Using the same axes,

(a) Plot a graph of carbohydrate formed during photosynthesis and

carbohydrate used during respiration against time. (7mks)

GRAPH

(b) Calculate the net carbohydrate formed by the plant. (2mks)

(c) At what time of the day do the light compensation points occur?
(2mks)

(d) Account for the shape of graph on carbohydrates.

(i) Between 12.00a.m and 3a.m. (2mks)

(ii) Between 3.00a.m to 12.00 noon. (2mks)

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(e) How could foggy weather influence the net amount of
carbohydrates formed over the 24-hour period? (1mk)

(f) Give other external factors apart from temperature and light
intensity that influence the rate of photosynthesis. (2mks)

(g) In which form are carbohydrates stored in

(i) Plant bodies. (1mks)

(ii) Fungi (1mk)

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 QUESTION NO. 55
55. In an experiment to investigate certain processes in a given plant
species, the rate of carbon (iv) Oxide released and intake were
measured over a long period of time. The results of the investigation
were as shown below.
Time of the day ( Hours) 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Volume of carbon (iv) Oxide 10 43 69 91 91 50 18 0 0 0
Consumed (mm3/ min)
Volume of Carbon (iv) Oxide 38 22 10 3 3 6 31 48 48 48
released (mm3/ Min)

a) On the same axes draw graphs of volume of carbon (iv) oxide

consumed and released against time. (7mks)

GRAPH

b) Name the chemical process changes represented by;

i) Carbon (iv) Oxide consumed (1mk)

ii) Carbon (iv) Oxide released (1mk)

c) Account for the shape of the curve for

i) Carbon (iv) oxide consumed (3mk)

ii) Carbon (iv) Oxide released (3mk)

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d) i) What is meant by compensation point (1mk)

ii) From the graph, find the time of the day when the plant
attained compensation point. (2mks)

f) Explain how temperature affects the rate of carbon (iv) oxide

consumption in the plant. (2mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 56
56. In an experiment to determine the effect of ringing on the
concentration of sugar in phloem, a ring of bark from the stem of a
tree was cut and removed. The amount of sugar in grams per 16cm3
piece of bark above the ring was measured over a 24hour period.
Sugar was also measured in the bark of a similar stem of a tree which
was not ringed. The results are shown in the table below.

Time of the day Amount of sugar in 16cm3 piece of

grams per bank
Normal stem Ringed stem
0645 0.78 0.87
0945 0.80 0.91
1245 0.81 1.01
1545 0.80 1.04
1845 0.77 1.00
2145 0.73 0.95
0045 0.65 0.88

(a) Using the same axes, plot a graph of the amount of sugar against
time. (6mks)

GRAPH

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(b) At what time was the amount of sugar highest in the-:

(i) Ringed stem. (lmk)

(ii) Normal stem. (lmk)

(c) How much sugar would be in the ringed stem if it was measured
at 0345 hours? (lmk)

(d) Give reasons why there was sugar in the stems of both trees at
0645 hours. (2mks)

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(e) Account for the shape of the graph for the tree ringed stem
between

(i). 0645 hours and 1545 hours (3mks)

(ii) 1545 hours and 0045 hours (2mks)

(f) Name the structures in the phloem that are involved in the
translocation of sugars. (2mks)

(g) Other than sugars name two compounds that are translocated in
phloem. (2mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 57
57. Rice seeds were soaked overnight. Fresh mass and dry mass of a
sample of 20 seeds was obtained and recorded in the table. The rest of
the seeds were planted in a tray that had soil and well watered daily.
Twenty of the seeds/seedlings were removed from the soil every two
days for two weeks. Their fresh and dry mass were taken and
recorded in the table as shown below.

Time in days Fresh mass in (g) Dry mass in (g)

0 14.0 4.0
2 18.0 3.5
4 24.5 2.5
6 32.0 1.5
8 38.5 2.0
10 41.0 3.0
12 43.0 4.5
14 45.0 6.0

a) Using the same axes, plot two graphs to represent changes in

fresh and dry mass over the two –week period (7mrks)

GRAPH

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b) What would be the fresh and dry mass of the seedlings at day 9.
(2mrks)
i) Fresh mass
ii) Dry mass

c) Account for the change in fresh mass and dry mass between day 0
and day 6. (4mrks)

i) Fresh mass
ii) Dry mass

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d) Explain the change in dry mass from day 8 (2mrks)

e) Explain why a sample of 20 seeds was used instead of one seed.

(2mrks)

f) State one factor within and one factor outside the seed that cause
dormancy. (2mrks)
i) Within the seed
ii) Outside the seed

g) Give one characteristic of a meristematic cell (1mrk)

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 QUESTION NO. 58
58. The following data are results from an observation and
measurement of daily growth in an organism over a period of 24 days
of its development

a) Using a suitable scale draw graphs of width of head and length of

femur against time on the same axis. (8mks)

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b) i) Name the growth pattern represented by the graph.(1mk)

ii) With reference to your graph, identify the phylum to which the
organism belongs. Give reasons for your answer. (2mks)

c) Account for the length of hind femur between

(i) day 3 and day 7 (2mks)

(ii) day 7 and day 10 (2mks)

d) State two hormones involved in the growth pattern represented

by the graphs. (2mks)

e) State two advantages of metamorphosis in organisms. (2mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 59
59. A person had gone for 24 hours without food. Then he was served
with a well balanced meal after which the concentration of glucose and
amino acids in the blood were determined every one hour for the next 8
hours after the meal, the concentration were measured as blood passed
through the hepatic portal vein and hepatic vein.
The results were as shown in the data below.

Time in Concentration Glucose & Acids in (Mg/100 cm3

hours of amino blood of blood)

PORTAL VEIN
HEPATIC VEIN HEPAT IC
GLUCOSE AMINO GLUCOSE AMINO
ACIDS ACIDS
0 79 1.0 85 1.0
1 79 1.0 85 1.0
2 160 1.0 110 1.0
3 140 4.0 100 3.0
4 120 6.0 90 3.0
5 100 5.0 90 2.0
6 90 2.0 90 1.0
7 90 1.0 90 1.0
8 90 1.0 90 1.0

(a) On the same axis plot graphs of glucose concentration in hepatic

portal vein and hepatic vein against time. (7mks)

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(b) Account for the difference in blood sugar level in hepatic portal
vein and hepatic vein.

(i) Between 0-1 hours. (4mks)

(ii) Between 2-4 hours (5mks)

(c) (i) Give one reason that delayed increase in amino acids
concentration in hepatic portal vein. (1mk)

(ii) Account for the difference in concentrations of amino acids in

hepatic portal vein and hepatic vein between 3rd -6th hours (2mks)

(d) Name the enzyme that completes fat digestion in man (1mk)

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 QUESTION NO. 60
60. An experiment was carried out to investigate the nutritional value of
two dry powder animals feeds X and Y over a period of six months.
Twenty 5 month’s old castrated goats were use. The goats were divided
into two equal groups A and B. The animal’s in group A were fed on feed
X throughout the experiment while those of group B were fed on feed Y.

The feeds were supplemented with dry hay and water. The average body
weight of each group of goats and the weight of the dry powder feeds
were determined and recorded each month. The faeces produced by each
group was dried and weighed and the average dry faecal output per month
was also recorded. The results are as shown below.

GROUP A GROUP B
Months since Average Average Average Average Average Average
commencement total weight monthly total weight monthly
of the weight of of total dry faecal weight of of total dry faecal
experiment goats(Kg) feed(Kg) output(Kg) goats(Kg) feed(Kg) output(Kg)
0 20.4 26.7 10.5 20.5 35.4 16.5
1 22.5 27.5 10.7 19.5 34.3 17.7
2 24.5 25.8 10.3 19.0 35.2 17.2
3 26.3 18.5 8.8 18.5 36.1 17.5
4 28.0 16.6 7.2 17.1 36.0 16.9
5 29.4 16.3 6.0 16.3 35.8 16.8
6 29.5 16.1 5.6 15.6 35.5 16.6

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a)
i) What is the relationship between the amount of feed and the
faecal output (2 marks)

ii) Work out the average increase in weight for the animal’s in group
A during:
The first four months
The last two months (4 marks)

iii) Account for the average increase weight in goats in group A

during:
The first four months
The last two months (4 marks)

iv) Which of the two feeds is more nutritious?

Give reason for your answer (2 marks)

b) Explain the digestion of lipids in humans (8 marks)

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 QUESTION NO. 61
61. Two sets of a pea seeds were germinated, set A was placed in
normal daylight conditions in the laboratory while set B was placed in
a dark cupboard. Starting a few days later the shoots lengths were
measured twice daily and their mean lengths recorded as shown in the
table below.

(a) Using suitable scale draw the graphs of the mean lengths in set A
and B against time.

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(b) From the graph state the mean shoot length of each set of
seedling at the 66th hour (2mks)

(c) Account for the difference of curve B and A (3 mks)

(d) Explain what would happen to set up B if it were allowed to

continue to grow under conditions of darkness (4mks)

(e) State three external conditions which should be constant for

both set ups (3mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 62
62. The mean dry weight (mg) of germinating wheat grains was
worked out for a whole grain(total dry weight),endosperm and
embryo.The means were determined at two days interval for fourteen
days. The results are as tabulated below.

Time(days) Dry weight(mg)

Endosperm Embryo Total

0 47 5 52

2 44 5 49

4 39 8 47

6 22 17 39

8 10 28 38

10 4 35 39

12 2 42 44

14 2 44 46

(a) Using the same axis, draw graphs for dry weight of
endosperm, embryo and total against time (8mks)

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(b) What was the average dry weight of embryo on day II? (1mk

(c) Account for the shape of the curve for

(i) Embryo from day 2 to day 12 (2mks)
(ii) Total dry weight (gm) from day 0 to day 14 (2mks)

(d) After how long was the dry weight of

(i) Endosperm 30g? (1mk)
(ii) Embryo 35g ? (1mk)

(e) (i) Explain the role of water in seed germination (3mks)

(ii)Other than water, what two environmental factors are required

for seed germination? (2mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 63
63. An investigation was conducted to compare water rate of water loss
from twigs of two different species of plants Q and L. the twigs had
equal leaf surfaces. The results of the investigation were recorded in
the below.

Time of the 6 a.m 8 10 a.m 1 p.m 12 p.m 1 2 3 6 8 p.m 12 a.m

day a.m p.m p.m p.m p.m
Water loss 0 4 20 40 55 36 26 20 2 0 0
gh-h
Water loss 8 20 39 131 198 182 130 81 45 12 12
gh –h
Species L

(a) On the graph paper provided on page 7, plot a graph of Water

loss gh-h against time for the two plants. (7 marks)
GRAPH
(b) Name the apparatus which might have been used to investigate
the rate of water loss. (1 mark)

(c)State two precautions that were taken in setting up the

experiment. (2 marks)

(d) Which of the plant species is likely to be adapted to arid

conditions? Give a reason. (2 marks)

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(e) Use the graph to answer the following questions:
(i) At what time of the day was 60gh -1 of water lost by plant
species L?

(ii) What was the rate of water loss from plant species Q at
11.00 am? (1 mark)

(f) Account for the rate of water loss between 6.00 a.m. to 1.00 p.m. by
plant species L. (4 marks)

(g) Suggest how the stomata of species Q are structurally adapted to

water loss. (2 marks)

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 QUESTION NO. 64
64. The table below shows how the quantities of sweat and urine vary
with external temperature.

External Urine Sweat

temperature C cm³/hr cm³/hr
0 100 5
5 90 6
10 80 10
15 70 20
20 60 30
25 50 60
30 40 120
35 30 200

(a) On the same graph, plot the quantities of urine and sweat
produced against the external temperature. (7mks)
GRAPH
(b) At what temperature are the amounts of sweat and urine
produced equal? (1mk)

(c) What happens to the amount of sweat produced as the

temperature rises? Explain the observation. (3mks)

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(d) Explain the observation made on the amount of urine produced
as the temperature increases. (3mks)

(e) How is the skin adapted for temperature regulation? (6mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 65
65. The data below shows results obtained from a plant species which
was planted around a homestead to serve as a hedge. The hedge was
divided into part I, II and III. The three parts were treated as indicated
in the table and the results collected after 3 years

Part Treatment Percentage cover Average Average

in the 1st 2 metres width in height in
from the ground metres metres

I Untrimmed 3% 0.5 5.0

throughout
II Trimmed twice 55% 0.9 3.5
annually
III Trimmed 85% 1.5 2.5
throughout

a) Give three deductions one would draw from the above results
3mks

b) Explain the effects of the following on percentage cover; width

of hedge and height of plants
(i) Lack of hedge trimming (3mks)
(ii) Frequent hedge trimming (4mks)

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c) Using a germinating bean seedling with a 2cm long radical;
describe how you would investigate the region of growth on the
radical (5mks)

d) Name the kind of growth curve obtained

(i) for arthropods when changes in length of body plotted against time
(1mk)

ii) Give reason as to why this kind of curve is obtained for arthropods
(2mks)

iii) Name the hormone that inhibits metamorphosis in insects and

where it is produced

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 QUESTION NO. 66
66. A group of students estimated the population of the grasshoppers in
the school compound. The table below shows the number of
grasshoppers collected from the eight sites within the compound.

Site 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
No. of 250 50 190 220 85 300 175 30
grasshoppers

a) Draw histograms to represent the number of grasshoppers collected

from each site. (6mks)

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b) The students caught 240 grasshoppers marked them and then
released them. After five days they caught 160 grasshoppers and
found that 40 were marked. Work out the grasshoppers population.
(3mks)

c) Identify the method used in (b) above. (1mk)

d) Name the instrument the students used to collect and mark the
grasshoppers. (2mks)

e) The students encountered a number of limitations. State any

three of the limitations. (3mks)

f) The students observed the organisms and placed them into their
correct phylum and class. (2mks)
i) Name; Phylum
Class

ii) What features were observed for the grasshoppers to be placed

in their correct; (3mks)
Phylum
Class

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 QUESTION NO. 67
67. The glucose level in mg/100cm3 of blood was determined in two
persons Y and Z. Both had stayed for 6 hours without taking food.
They were on equal amount of glucose at the start of the experiment.
The amount of glucose in their blood was determined at intervals. The
results are as shown in the table below:

Time (Mins) Glucose level Blood in

in Y mg/100cm3
0 85 78
20 105 110
30 116 130
45 130 170
60 100 195
80 93 190
100 90 140
120 90 130
140 88 120

(a) On the same graph and on the same axis, plot a graph of glucose
level in blood against time (7mks)

GRAPH

(b) What was the concentration of glucose in blood of person Y and Z

at 50th minute? (2mks)

Person Y

Person Z

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(c) Account for the level of glucose for a person Y

(i) During the first 45 minutes (2mks)

(ii) After 45th minute to the end (4mks)

(d) Discuss the effect of higher glucose level in blood above

90mg/100cm3 (3mks)

(e) State two advantages of homoitherms over paikilotherms (2mks)

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 QUESTION NO. 68
68. A person had gone for 24 hours without food. Then he was served
with a well balanced meal after which the concentration of glucose
and amino acids in the blood were determined every one hour for the
next 8 hours after the meal, the concentration were measured as
blood passed through the hepatic portal vein and hepatic vein.
The results were as shown in the data below.

Time in Concentration Glucose & Acids in (Mg/100 cm3 of

hours of amino blood blood)
PORTAL VEIN
HEPATIC VEIN HEPAT IC
GLUCOSE AMINO GLUCOSE AMINO ACIDS
ACIDS
0 79 1.0 85 1.0
1 79 1.0 85 1.0
2 160 1.0 110 1.0
3 140 4.0 100 3.0
4 120 6.0 90 3.0
5 100 5.0 90 2.0
6 90 2.0 90 1.0
7 90 1.0 90 1.0
8 90 1.0 90 1.0
(a) On the same axis plot graphs of glucose concentration in hepatic
portal vein and hepatic vein against time. (7mks)

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(b) Account for the difference in blood sugar level in hepatic portal
vein and hepatic vein.

(i) Between 0-1 hours. (4mks)

(ii) Between 2-4 hours (5mks)

(c) (i) Give one reason that delayed increase in amino acids
concentration in hepatic portal vein. (1mk)

(ii) Account for the difference in concentrations of amino acids in

hepatic portal vein and hepatic vein between 3rd -6th hours (2mks)

(d) Name the enzyme that completes fat digestion in man (1mk)

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 QUESTION NO. 69
69. In an experiment to determine the effect of ringing on the
concentration of sugar in the phloem, a ring of bark from the stem of a
tree was cut and removed. The amount of sugar in grammes per
16cm3 piece of bark above the ring was measured over a 24 – hour
period. Sugar was also measured in the bark of a similar stem of tree
of same species which was not ringed. The results are shown in the
table below.
Time of the Amount of sugar in grammes per 16 cm 3
day piece of bark
Normal stem Ringed stem
6.45 A.M 0.78 0.78
9.45 A.M 0.80 0.91
12.45 P.M 1.81 1.01
3.45 P.M 1.80 1.04
6.45 P.M 1.77 1.00
9.45 P.M 0.73 0.95
12.45 A.M 0.65 0.88
a) Using the same axis, plot graphs of the amount of sugar against
time for both stems (6 marks)GRAPH

b) At what time was the amount of sugar highest in the.

i) Ringed stem. (1mark)
ii)Normal stem. (1 mark)

c) How much sugar would be in the ringed stem if it was measured at 3:

45 am. ( 1mark)

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d) Give a reason why there was sugar in the stem of both trees at 6:45am.
( 2marks)
e) Account for the shape of the graph for the tree with the ringed stem
between: (3 marks)
i) 6:45 and 3:45 am.
ii) 3:45 pm and 12:45 am. (2 marks)

f) Name the structures in the phloem that are involved in the

translocation of sugars. (2 marks)

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 QUESTION NO. 70
1. The diagram below shows an experiment that was carried out to
measure rate of photosynthesis in a water plant when exposed to
different light intensities.

.
The shoot was exposed to different light intensities and the rate of
photosynthesis estimated by counting the
number of bubbles of the gas leaving the shoot per minute. The
results are tabulated below.
Number of bubble per 7 14 20 24 26 27 27 27
minute
Light intensity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(arbitrary units)

a) Draw the graph of the number of bubbles produced per minute

against light intensity. (6 marks)

GRAPH

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b) At what light intensity did the shoot produce
i) 18 bubbles per minute (1mark)
ii) 25 bubbles per minute (1mark)

c) Give two better ways of measuring the rate of photosynthesis

other than counting bubbles produced per minute. (2 marks)

d) What is role of light intensity in photosynthesis (2marks)

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e) Account for the expected results if the experiment was done at the
following temperatures.
(i) 40c (2 marks)
(ii) 340 ( 2marks)
(iii) 600 ( 2marks)

f) Apart from light intensity and temperature, name other two factors
that affect the rate of photosynthesis. (2marks)

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