Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter presents the methodology of the study. This includes

the research design, the description of the research locale, the

participants, the research tool, data gathering procedure, ethical

consideration, and data analysis.

Research Design

This study will utilize the phenomenological research design that

will embark on a qualitative framework since this study will stuff about

human challenges and, incorporate experiences and realities. Creswell

(1994) defines qualitative research as “...an inquiry process of

understanding a social or human problem based on building a complex,

holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed views of

informants, and conducted in a natural setting” (Creswell, 1994, pp. 1-

2).

Qualitative research relates to ideas, perceptions, opinions or

beliefs of the person being studied and all of them cannot be measured

by numbers. According to Creswell (2012), qualitative research is a

means for exploring and understanding the meaning individuals or

groups ascribe to a social human problem.

 It focuses on the emerging questions and procedures, collection of

data on general themes, analyzing data through the inductive method,

which starts from particulars to general themes and interpreting the

meaning of the data. The final written report includes authentic

responses of participants, the reasoning of the researcher, and

interpretation and description of the problem (Moustakas, 1994). In this

context, the phenomenological method was used to know more about the

experiences of the junior high school learners on the modular approach.

Research Locale
This study will be conducted in Sioan Integrated School, North 1

District of Gingoog City Division. The said school is situated at Barangay

Malinao, Gingoog City, Misamis Oriental. There are big trees inside the

school premises which are useful for a cooler temperature and serve as

shade during hot shade during the hot season.

Sioan Integrated School belongs to the North – 1 District since it is

in the northern part of the City. This is a widely known IP school in

Gingoog City. It is not accessible to locate because the said school is far

from the city.

The school is following the DepEd central office mandates of the

department of education on the conduct of a modular learning approach.

Hence there were lots of challenges encountered by the school during the

modular approach due to insufficient needed materials to be use, such

as limited supplies for printing the centralized modules for the delivery of
 instruction in order for the learners to have one on one modules for the

learners. The scarcity of the budget is really a problem in the said school

also hence, teachers’ needs to source out of funds in order to reproduce

the materials. As well as the delivery of instruction to the learners is also

a big problem. Further, majority of learners’ needs teachers to teach

them individually thus, it was not happened due some limitations and

restrictions. Also the poor academic performance in school where the

study is conducted is evident same with their poor reading performance

level. The school also undergo validation for accreditation and limited

trainings were also conducted by the division yet, there were also

scarcity of budget.

How modular learning is implemented

Under DepEd’s printed modular learning system, students will be
provided with self-learning materials (SLMs). Teachers will be giving students
SLMs per quarter. That will mean students will be receiving 4 sets of SLMs for
one whole academic year.

Distribution. The SLMs will be distributed to parents before the opening

of classes. For students whose parents are not available to get these from
schools, there will be designated pick up points in their barangays. The
distribution will be done at least 4 times for the school year.

Aside from SLMs, workplans will also be distributed to students. But

unlike SLMs, this will be given to students weekly as this indicates the
schedule of lessons and activities the students will have to do every week.
Again, parents or anyone who will guide the students at home will be the ones
to get this from teachers or in designated pick-up points.

Retrieval. Accomplished activity sheets will be retrieved by teachers from

parents. They will have to submit the activity sheets to teachers in school or in
designated pick-up points.

Assessment. Students’ learning progress will be assessed through

summative exercises and performance tasks. DepEd said schools will not be
holding periodical examinations for this school year to prevent “distance
cheating.”

While DepEd acknowledges the importance of periodical tests in

assessing students’ understanding of the lessons, Education Undersecretary
Diosdado San Antonio said that the pandemic compelled them to be “more
creative and flexible in implementing summative assessment schemes without
sacrificing assessment’s credibility.”

Schools, however, have the liberty to adjust what subjects will be taught
per month, provided that all 8 core subjects will be covered every grading
quarter, DepEd said.

The 8 core subjects are: English, Mathematics, Filipino, Science, Araling

Panlipunan, Technology and Livelihood Education or TLE (for high school);
Edukasyong Pangkabuhayan at Pangtahanan (for elementary); Music, Arts,
Physical Education, and Health (MAPEH); and Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao
(ESP).
Research Participants
The participants of the study will be the six parents and six

Grade-8 learners who utilized the Modular Distance Learning approach

of Sioan Integrated School north district 1, of Gingoog City division,

Misamis Oriental during the school year 2020-2021. In this study, it is

expected that the participants of the study will share the opportunities

and challenges encountered during the modular learning approach.

Research Tool

The study utilized phenomenological interviews in gathering the

data on exploring the experiences of the 6 Grade-8 parents and 6

learners on modular approach their challenges encountered were also

explored.

The researcher used the formulated the interview guide and had it

validated by three experts. In the interview, the researcher served as the

facilitator only and limited her control on the process so that the

interviewees answered questions freely and openly. To ensure the

accuracy of the data, the researcher used a voice recorder and wrote her

observations during the interview.

 Age range, economic status, work/ source of living, and the educational status of

the parents ( please ikaw nab utang )

How the parents’ provide support and the learners response to the

implementation of modular approach( please ikaw nab utang )

Data Gathering Procedure

Proper protocol in gathering data was observed. The researcher

secured the letter to conduct the study from the dean of the College of

Administration. The letter was given to the Schools Division

Superintendent for approval. Subsequently, the approved letter was

given to the district supervisor and school heads where the study was

conducted.

The researcher discussed to the participants the rationale of the

study and the ways on how they would answer the questions to get valid

information. Participants were encouraged to freely answer and use the

language that they can communicate better in and are comfortable with.
 The researcher formulated guide questions for the interview.They

were assured of the confidentiality of their answers.

Ethical Considerations

Ethical standards for research are important to show the value of

collaborative work and mutual respect. The researcher informed the

participants about the research to be conducted. Through the formal

letter, participants were also asked about their interest in participating.

After confirming the interest of participants to participate in the

research, a consent form was created and given. Through the consent

forms, anonymity and confidentiality were ensured as part of the

participants' right to privacy.

To gather authentic responses, the researcher encouraged the

participants to use language that they are comfortable with to share their

own experiences. The participants were also given an option to opt-out of

their participation in the research without any consequences. The

researcher provided these essential pieces of information to the

participants through the consent letter and verbal communication during

the first meeting with the participants.

Data Analysis

Based on Moustakas or Collizi) (1994) phenomenological process in

data analysis, the following tasks will be followed: 1. The researcher will

review carefully and repeatedly listen to the focus group discussion to get
the whole idea of the content; 2. The researcher will extract important

statements that will answer the questions of the study; 3. The researcher

will formulate meanings to answers given during the focus group

discussion to ensure the proper implication of the statements given by

the participants; 4. The researcher will arrange and group the responses

into themes that will highlight every significant statement of the

participants; 5. The themes formulated will then be exhaustively

described by the researcher; 6. The researcher will describe the structure

of the phenomenon; 7. Finally, the researcher will validate the findings of

the study with the participants to compare the descriptive results made

by the researcher.

Research Design

Research Location

Research Participants

Research Tool

Data Gathering Procedure

Ethical Considerations

Data Analysis