Chapter 3

Methodology

Research Design

This study will be mainly a qualitative research and would follow the

characteristics of a phenomenological study. This study focuses on the

beliefs, opinions and experiences of the parents and teachers in incorporating

parent-teacher interaction during the implementation of modular modality of

learning. which is the modular mode of learning. The experiences of the

participants will be the main source of data and will be analyzed directly in

order to assist the researchers in answering the research questions that are

involved.

Following Edmund Husserl’s claim about phenomenology which states

that a certain aspect or phenomenon can be understood by a thorough

investigation and analysis and description that directly concerns an

individual’s experience, this study will attempt to explore the experiences of

the participants (Heotis, 2020). This enables the acquisition of information

regarding the narrative experiences of parents and teachers through

appropriate research tools.

Research Environment 

The locale for this study has included three local government units of

Cebu in Central Visayas, Philippines, specifically, in Toledo City, Aloguinsan,

and Pinamungajan. Given the pandemic, the study only focused where it was

convenient for researchers to prevent the exposure to other people. Toledo

has approximately 51 public Elementary schools and 12 public high schools

while 7 private schools are present. Pinamungajan is composed of 24 public

elementary schools, 6 public high schools and 1 private school and is just a

two-hour drive from the city. In addition, Aloguinsan, Cebu has 17 Elementary

schools and 4 High Schools.

Sampling Design
 This study has incorporated a non-probability sampling technique

which is the Purposive Sampling and allows researchers to choose

participants with qualities that this study needs. Participants in this study must

meet the expectations of the researchers as they will be chosen without any

issues in terms of biases based upon their role, experiences and within their

field. This type of sampling technique would enable the researchers to narrow

down the goal of finding participants and would only let people participate with

the knowledge of making sure that every question and tasks will be

completed. In addition, this would assist the study in answering the main

research questions by including participants who will be the main source of

data based on their ideas, beliefs and experiences.

Research Participants

This study focuses on the experiences of the parents and teachers

while incorporating parent-teacher interaction during the implementation

phase of modular learning. Participants of this study will only include five (5)

teachers in elementary schools who are handling modular learning and five

(5) parents who have students in elementary under modular learning. The

researchers only include participants who volunteered in participating in

collecting responses and answers.

Research Tool
 The main tool that will be utilized in collecting data from parents’ and

teachers’ experience will be a researcher-made interview guide. This directly

asks the participants with the specific narration of their opinions, ideas and

beliefs based from their actual experiences during modular learning. The

research interview guide for both participants has four (4) main questions and

each item has 2-3 sub questions as follow-up statements and sets of

questions. The researchers will only conduct the interview through

virtual/online interaction using online applications such as Messenger, Google

Meet and for participants who prefer writing or typing their answers, through

Google Forms.

The parents and the teachers will have to answer different sets of

interview questions in order to have a better understanding and distinctions at

each end. In addition, the sets of interview questions have translated versions

from English to Binisaya so that participants will have options in reading the

questions in convenience. 

Figure 2: Research and Data Gathering Process

Data Gathering Procedure

This study recognizes three (3) Stages of gathering data systematically

—the PIA Stages. PIA stands for Preparation, Interview and Action

Implementation.

Preparation 

With the Dean’s and research instructor’s approval, the researchers

were able to have a consent to gather data and interview the research

participants. The researchers gave a consent letter to the participants before

starting the interview as well as to ensure that the interview was purely

voluntary.

Interview

Before conducting the virtual interview, the researchers had a 5-minute

orientation as to what the parents will have to answer, reveal the study’s title

and the purpose of interviewing. After the short orientation, researchers began

asking questions and using the researcher-made tool. The answers on the

interview questions must be recorded or audio taped in order to have an

accurate guide for the participants’ responses. The interview ended formally

after 15-20 minutes. The researchers translated the answers from the

recording into a transcript by writing the exact answers from the participants.

Then, researchers proceeded with deleting the recorded answers of the

parents after translating it.

Action Implementation

         After analyzing the data from the participants, the researchers will

proceed in planning an action plan based on the themes of participants’

answers by implementing interventions such as appropriate strategies and

activities. The virtual awareness program will be entitled as Parent-Teacher

Interaction during the Implementation of Modular Learning with activities and

evaluations with 4 sessions. This will address the problem which relates to the

experiences of the parents and teachers while incorporating parent-teacher

interaction.

Data Analysis

The study will use thematic analysis to analyze and break down the

participant’s answers. The researchers use thematic analysis in interpreting

the responses and answers of the participants from the interview guide. First,
the researchers read the gathered data and come up with different codes to

label a concept which is found within an answer or paragraph given. The

formulated meanings or codes were reduced and became themes that

collectively associated with redundant codes.

Specifically, this study has followed the six-phase guide provided by

Braun & Clarke in the year 2006 which the researcher think would be

appropriate in analyzing the data. The following are the steps for Thematic

Analysis:

Table 1: Steps in Thematic Analysis

Ethical Considerations

The researchers aim to collect data from the experiences of the

teachers and parents on the implementation of modular modality of learning,

that is why participants’ convenience and safety will be the top priority of the

researchers from answering the interview questions down to data analysis.

Before the conduct of the interview, the researchers had a five-minute

orientation for the participants about the objectives of the study, the purpose
of the conduct and the short background of the study. It was emphasized that

the answering of interview questions will be completely voluntary, and no one

was forced to answer.

In addition, the researchers also expressed their respect with regards

to participants’ busy schedule especially to teachers. Waiting for the teacher’s

approval got delayed as a result of their busy schedule but researchers made

sure that both teachers and parents can answer the questions at their own

pace.

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