CAR ENGINE COMPONENTS

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 1. Engine Block

The engine block is the main part of an engine. Often made of aluminum or
iron, it has several holes to contain the cylinders as well as provide water and
oil flow paths to cool and lubricate the engine. Oil paths are narrower than
water flow paths.

The engine block also houses the pistons,

crankshaft, camshaft, and between four and
twelve cylinders depending on the vehicle, in a
line, also known as inline, flat, or in the shape of
a V.
All other parts of the motor are essentially
bolted to it. Inside the block is where the magic
happens, such as combustion.
 A piston is a moving disk enclosed in a cylinder that is made gas-
tight by piston rings. The disk moves inside the cylinder as a liquid
or gas inside the cylinder expands and contracts. A piston aids in
the transformation of heat energy into mechanical work and vice
versa.
Pistons move up and down as the spark plugs fire and the pistons
compress the air/fuel mix.
This reciprocating energy is converted to rotary motion and
transferred to the tires by the transmission, via the driveshaft, to
make them spin.

Pistons on engines rotating at 1250 rpm move up and down 2500

times per minute. Inside the piston are piston rings, which are
used to generate compression and reduce friction through
constant rubbing of the cylinder.

Video Piston rings : How Piston ring works explained_ what

different piston rings mean-240p.mp4
3. Cylinder Head

The cylinder head sits above the cylinders on top of the

cylinder block. It closes at the top of the cylinder, forming

the combustion chamber. This joint is sealed by a head

gasket to prevent the loss of gases.

The cylinder head contains many elements, including

valve springs, valves, lifters, pushrods, rocker arms,

and camshafts to control passages that allow intake air to

flow into the cylinders during the intake stroke, as well as

exhaust passages that remove exhaust gases during the

exhaust stroke
 4. Crankshaft

The crankshaft is a moving part of the internal combustion

engine. Its main function is to transform the linear motion of
the piston into rotational motion. The pistons are connected to
the crankshaft through the connecting rods. The crankshaft is
mounted within the engine block.

The crankshaft is located at the bottom of the engine block, within the crankshaft journals (an area of the shaft
that rests on the bearings). This keenly machined and balanced mechanism is connected to the pistons
through the connecting rod.
Similar to how a jack-in-the-box operates, the crankshaft turns the pistons up and down motion into a reciprocal
motion, at engine speed and converts energy from reciprocating motion into rotation.
 5. Camshaft
A camshaft is a rotating object usually made of metal that
contains pointed cams, which convert rotational motion to
reciprocal motion. Camshafts are used in an engine to operate
the intake and exhaust valves, mechanically controlled ignition
systems, and early electric motor speed controllers.
.
Camshafts in automobiles are made from steel or cast iron and are a key factor in determining the RPM range
of an engine’s power band

The camshaft can vary from vehicle to vehicle and is located either in the engine block or in the cylinder heads.
Many modern vehicles have them in the cylinder heads, also known as Dual Overhead Camshaft (DOHC) or
Single Overhead Camshaft (SOHC), and are carried by a series of bearings that are lubricated in oil for long
life.
The function of the camshaft is to regulate the timing of opening and closing of valves and to transfer the rotary
motion from the crankshaft to an up and down motion to control the movement of the lifters and to move the
pushrods, rockers, and valves.
6. Timing Belt/Chain

A timing belt, timing chain, or cambelt is a part of an

engine that synchronizes the rotation of the crankshaft
and the camshaft so that the engine’s valves open and
close at the proper times during each cylinder’s intake and
exhaust strokes.

In an interference engine, the timing belt or chain is also critical to preventing the piston from striking
the valves. A timing belt is usually a toothed belt, a drive belt with teeth on the inside surface. A timing
chain is a roller chain.
The belt is made of heavy-duty rubber with gears to grip the pulleys from the camshaft and crankshaft.
The chain, much like your bike chain, wraps around pulleys with teeth.
 7. Engine Valves
Engine valves are mechanical components used in
engines to regulate the air, fuel, and exhaust gas flow in
the combustion chambers or cylinder head during engine
operation.

The valve operation is very simple: the cam pushes the valves down into the cylinder against the spring,
opening the valve so gases can flow, and then lets the valve shut under the force of the spring. The
pressure in the combustion chamber rather neatly helps seal the valve shut.
 8. Oil Pan

The oil pan is vital, though simple, part of

your engine’s lubrication system. Oil circulates
through parts of your engine to keep them
lubricated. It reduces friction so everything works
smoothly. Without oil, friction would quickly destroy
your engine.

The oil pan keeps that oil contained in the lubrication

system, so it’s important that the oil doesn’t leak out.
Since it’s a metal part attached to another metal
part, there is a gasket between the oil pan and the
part of the engine it attaches to.
9. Combustion Chamber
A Combustion Chamber is the area within the Cylinder
where the fuel/air mix is ignited. As the piston compresses
the fuel/air mix and makes contact with the Spark Plug,
the mixture is combusted and pushed out of the
Combustion Chamber in the form of energy.

The Cylinder houses many of the important components of an Internal Combustion Engine including the
Injector Nozzle, Piston, Spark Plug, Combustion Chamber, and others.
10. Intake Manifold
The intake manifold in a car is the part of the engine that
distributes the air flow between the cylinders. Often an
intake manifold holds the throttle valve (throttle body) and
some other components.
In some V6 and V8 engines, an intake manifold can be
made of several separate sections or parts.

The intake air flows through the air filter, intake boot
(snorkel), then through the throttle body, into the intake
manifold plenum, then through the runners, and into the
cylinders. The throttle valve (body) controls the engine
rpm by adjusting the amount of air flow.
11. Exhaust Manifold
The exhaust manifold is generally simple cast iron or stainless
steel units that collect engine exhaust gas from multiple cylinders
and deliver it to the exhaust pipe. It is connected to exhaust
valves. Its construction is the same as the inlet manifold.

The exhaust manifold has the same function in both petrol and
diesel engines, in both cases, it carries exhaust gas.
12. Intake And Exhaust Valves

Inlet and exhaust valves are used to control and regulate the

charge (or air) coming to the engine for burning and exhaust gases

going out from the cylinder respectively.

They are provided either on the cylinder heads or on cylinder
walls. They commonly have a mushroom-shaped head.
In the case of Petrol engines, air and fuel mixture enters through
the inlet valve. But in diesel engines, only air enters through the
intake valve. The exhaust valve in both cases is meant for letting
exhaust gases out.
Intake valves are connected to the intake manifold and exhaust
valves are connected to the exhaust manifold. Both intake and
exhaust manifolds are discussed above.
13. Spark Plug
A spark plug is a device for delivering electric current from
an ignition system to the combustion chamber of a spark-
ignition engine to ignite the compressed fuel/air mixture by
an electric spark while containing combustion pressure
within the engine.
A spark plug has a metal threaded shell, electrically
isolated from a central electrode by a ceramic insulator.
The central electrode, which may contain a resistor, is
connected by a heavily insulated wire to the output
terminal of an ignition coil or magneto.
14. Connecting Rod

A connecting rod is the part of a piston engine that

connects the piston to the crankshaft. Together with the

crank, the connecting rod converts the reciprocating

motion of the piston into the rotation of the crankshaft.

The connecting rod is required to transmit the
compressive and tensile forces from the piston. In its most
common form, in an internal combustion engine, it allows
pivoting on the piston end and rotation on the shaft end.
The predecessor to the connecting rod is a mechanical
linkage used by water mills to convert the rotating motion
of the water wheel into reciprocating motion.
15. Piston Ring
A piston ring is a metallic split ring that is attached to the outer
diameter of a piston in an internal combustion engine or steam
engine.
The main functions of piston rings in engines are:
•Sealing the combustion chamber so that there is minimal loss
of gases to the crank case.
•Improving heat transfer from the piston to the cylinder wall.
•Maintaining the proper quantity of the oil between the piston
and the cylinder wall
•Regulating engine oil consumption by scraping oil from the
cylinder walls back to the sump.
16. Gudgeon Pin

A gudgeon pin, also known as a wrist pin, is an important

component in an internal combustion engine. It creates a

connection between the connecting rod and the piston.

Gudgeon pins can also be used with connecting rods and

wheels or cranks.

17. Cam
These are an integral part of camshafts. Due to cams, a
camshaft is known as a camshaft. The cams are mounted on
the camshaft to control the inlet and exhaust valve timing.
Now, we are talking about the most important car engine part.
18. Flywheel
A flywheel is a mechanical device that uses the
conservation of angular momentum to store rotational
energy; a form of kinetic energy proportional to the
product of its moment of inertia and the square of its
rotational speed.
The torque provided by the engine is not uniform and is
fluctuating in nature. If a vehicle continues to move with
this fluctuating power. It will cause huge discomfort to the
rider and also it will decrease the life of its different parts.
Hence to deal with the problem of fluctuating load a
flywheel is used. A flywheel is generally mounted on the
camshaft. It stores torque when its value is high and
releases it when its value is low in a cycle of operation. It
acts as a torque buffer.
19. Gasket
A gasket is a ring or sheet composed of a supple material used in static applications to seal joints,
flanges, and other mating surfaces to prevent leakage.
These are different types of gasket generally used in an engine:

•Head gasket

•Intake manifold gasket

•Exhaust manifold gasket

•Water pump gasket:

•Oil pan gasket:

20. Cylinder Liner
A cylinder liner is a thin metal cylinder-shaped part to be
fitted into an engine block to form a cylinder. It is one of
the most important functional parts to make up the interior
of an engine. The cylinder liner, serving as the inner wall
of a cylinder, forms a sliding surface for the piston rings
while retaining the lubricant within.
During use, the cylinder liner is subject to wear from the
rubbing action of the piston rings and piston skirt. This
wear is minimized by the thin oil film which coats the
cylinder walls and also by a layer of glaze that naturally
forms as the engine is run in.
21. Crank Case

A crankcase is the housing for the crankshaft in a reciprocating internal combustion

engine. In most modern engines, the crankcase is integrated into the engine block.

Two-stroke engines ,typically use a crankcase-compression design, resulting in the

fuel/air mixture passing through the crankcase before entering the cylinder(s). This design

of the engine does not include an oil sump in the crankcase.

 Video: SHAFTS_ AN INTRODUCTION _ MECH MINUTES _ MISUMI USA-720p.mp4

22. Engine Distributor

A distributor is an enclosed rotating shaft used in spark-ignition internal combustion engines that have
mechanically timed ignition. The distributor’s main function is to route secondary, or high voltage,
current from the ignition coil to the spark plugs in the correct firing order, and for the correct amount of
time.

Except in magneto systems and many modern

computer-controlled engines that use crank

angle/position sensors, the distributor also

houses a mechanical or inductive breaker switch

to open and close the ignition coil’s primary

circuit.
23. Distributor O Ring

Distributors commonly employ a specifically sized o-ring

that fits on the distributor’s shaft to seal it with the engine

referred to as the distributor o-ring.

The distributor o-ring simply seals the distributor housing

with the engine to prevent oil leaks at the base of the

distributor. When the o-ring fails it can cause oil leaks from

the base of the distributor, which can lead to other

problems.
24. Cylinder Head Cover

In many modern four-stroke engines, the cylinder head

cover houses the upper actuation elements of the engine

control unit as well as the valves in the crankcase

ventilation with all its peripheral devices. Additionally, it

protects the engine from dirt or other foreign objects.

25. Rubber Grommet
Rubber grommets are used to protect or cover holes and reduce vibration. Inserting a rubber grommet will
help eliminate sharp edges and protect the engine valve to pass through a hole. The rubber grommet will
help shield the valve from damage.

26. Camshaft Pulley

A cam pulley is part of the timing system in an engine used to control the rate of rotation of the camshaft,
the component that controls the poppet valves responsible for air intake and exhaust in the cylinders.
The cam pulley articulates with the timing chain to rotate the camshaft in synchronicity with the crankshaft.
27. Oil Filter
Your car’s oil filter removes waste, too. It captures harmful
debris, dirt, and metal fragments in your motor oil to keep
your car’s engine running smoothly. Without the oil filter,
harmful particles can get into your motor oil and damage
the engine. Filtering out the junk means your motor oil
stays cleaner, longer.

28. Timing Belt Drive Pulley

A timing belt pulley is a specialized pulley system with
teeth or pockets along the outside of the pulley body’s
diameter. The teeth or pockets on the outside of the pulley
are not used for power transmission. Rather, they engage
the pulley belt, assisting with timing and averting
misalignment.
 Video: What is a car water pump and components_-720p.mp4
29. Water Pump

A vehicle’s water pump is a belt-driven pump that derives

its power from the crankshaft of the engine. Designed as a

centrifuge, the water pump draws the cooled fluid from

the radiator through the pump’s center inlet. It then

circulates the fluid outward into the engine and back into

the car’s cooling system.

30. Oil Pan Drain Bolt

The oil drain plug is typically located on the bottom of the engine on the oil pan. It is used to drain the
oil from your pan during an oil change. If you notice a leak at the oil plug, in some cases it can be as
simple as replacing the gasket.
If the bolt or oil pan has been cross-threaded, you may need a new oil drain plug. In some cases, an
oversized oil drain plug will cut new threads to help you avoid replacing the entire oil pan.
These all are essential parts of a car engine, And the heart and soul of your vehicle is the internal
combustion engine. The engine block features parts such as the timing chain, camshaft, crankshaft,
spark plugs, cylinder heads, valves, and pistons.
 The list of Engine parts Name:

Engine block Combustion chamber Gudgeon pin Cylinder head cover

Piston Intake manifold
Cam Rubber grommet
Cylinder Head Exhaust manifold
Flywheels Camshaft pulley
Crank Shaft Intake and Exhaust

Camshaft valves Head gasket Oil filter

Timing belt Spark Plugs Cylinder Liner Water pump

Engine Valves Connecting Rod
Crank Case Timing belt drive pulley
Oil Pan Piston Ring
Distributor Oil pan drain bolt

Distributor o ring
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