MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA...

GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 1

-------------------------ASKING DOUBTS ARE YOUR FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT----------------------------

Path To Boards-18
Strengthening your concept Question Bank: Maxima And Minima
maths by rupesh k jha...9864030380
www.infinity4maths.com...........7086055586

ASKING DOUBTS ARE YOUR FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT,

NOTE:Practice Both First derivative test and second derivative test for polunomials
Do all the problems(at least a rough sketch) in Misc ex of NCERT, If not done till now
One Case study or 5 marker will come from this topic

2023 CBSE QUESTIONS

Q1. If the product of two positive numbers is 9, find the numbers so that the sum of their squares is minimum.
9
Sol. Let one of the number be x so, the other number will be .
x
81
Let P = x 2 +
x2
dP 162 d2P 486
 = 2x − 3 and 2 = 2 + 4
dx x dx x
dP 162 x − 81
4
For = 0, 2x − 3 = 0  =0 x = 3
dx x x3
 d2P  486
 2 = 2+ = 2+6 =8  0
 dx at x =3 81
 P is minimum at x = 3 .
Hence, the numbers are 3, 3.

CASE STUDY I
Q2. Engine displacement is the measure of the cylinder volume swept by all the points of a piston engine. The
piston moves inside the cylinder bore.

The cylinder bore in the form of circular cylinder open at the top is to be made from a metal sheet of area
75 cm 2 .
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) If the radius of cylinder is r cm and height is h cm, then write the volume V of cylinder in terms of
radius r .
dV
(ii) Find .
dr
(iii) Find the radius of cylinder when its volume is maximum.
OR
(iii) For maximum volume, h  r. State true or false and justify.
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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 2

Sol. (i) As the cylinder is open at the top so, 2 r h +  r 2 = 75 cm 2 .

75 −  r 2 75 − r 2
h= =
2 r 2r
75 − r 2
Now volume of cylinder, V =  r 2 h =  r 2 
2r
 (75r − r 3 )
V= .
2
dV  (75 − 3r 2 )
(ii) = .
dr 2
dV  (75 − 3r 2 ) d 2 V  (0 − 3 2r)
(iii) As = so, = = −(3 r)
dr 2 dr 2 2
dV  (75 − 3r 2 )
For = 0, = 0  (75 − 3r 2 ) = 0 r = 5 cm
dr 2
d V
2
Note that,  2  = −(15 )  0
 dr at r =5
Clearly, V is maximum when r = 5 cm .
OR
dV  (75 − 3r ) 2
d V  (0 − 3 2r)
2
(iii) As = so, = = −(3 r)
dr 2 dr 2 2
dV  (75 − 3r 2 )
For = 0, =0
dr 2
 (75 − 3r 2 ) = 0 r = 5 cm
 d2V 
Note that,  2 
= −(15 )  0
 dr at r =5
Clearly, V is maximum when r = 5 cm .
75 − r 2 75 − 25
Now h = = = 5 cm .
2r 10
That means, h = r .
Hence, the statement ‘For maximum volume, h  r. ’ is false.

CASE STUDY II
Q3. A tank, as shown in the figure below, formed using a combination of a cylinder and a cone, offers better
drainage as compared to a flat bottomed tank.

A tap is connected to such a tank whose conical part is full of

water. Water is dripping out from a tap at the bottom at the
uniform rate of 2 cm 3 /s.

The semi-vertical angle of the conical tank is 45.

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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 3

On the basis of given information, answer the following questions.

(i) Find the volume of water in the tank in terms of its radius r .
(ii) Find rate of change of radius at an instant when r = 2 2 cm.
(iii) Find the rate at which the wet surface of the conical tank is decreasing at an instant when radius
r = 2 2 cm.
OR
(iii) Find the rate of change of height ‘h’ at an instant when slant height is 4 cm.
Sol. (i) Consider the diagram shown below.

Note that CD = r , VC = h and VD = x (slant height).

Also semi-vertical angle of the cone is, CVD = 45.

In VCD ,

CD
= tan 45o
VC

r =h.
1 Note that the conical part of the tank is full of water and
Therefore the volume of cone, V =  r2 h
3 we have to find the volume of water in the tank in terms of
1 its radius r.
V=  r2  r
3

 V =  r3 .
3

(ii) As V =  r 3
3
dV dr
 =  r 2 
dt dt
dr 2
 =−
dt  r 2
dr 2 1
When r = 2 2 cm, =− =− cm/s .
dt  8 4
CD
(iii) In VCD , = sin 45o
VD
 x=r 2.
Wet surface area of the conical tank, A =  r x =  2  r 2
dA dr
 = 2 2  r 
dt dt
dA  1 
When r = 2 2 cm, = 2 2  2 2   −  = −2 cm 2 /s .
dt  4 
2
Hence, the required rate of decrease is 2 cm /s .
OR
 3  3
(iii) Since V =r =  h { r = h in (i)
3 3
dV dh
 =  h 2 
dt dt
 x = r + h = 2h
2 2 2 2
dh
 −2 =  h 2  
dt  When x = 4 cm, h = 2 2 cm
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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 4

dh 2 1
 =− =− cm/s .
dt  (8) 4

CASE STUDY II
Q4. In order to set up a rain water harvesting system, a tank to collect rain water is to be dug. The tank should
have a square base and a capacity of 250 m3 . The cost of land is ` 5000 per square metre and cost of digging
increases with depth and for the whole tank, it is ` 40000 h 2 , where h is the depth of the tank in metres.
x is the side of the square base of the tank in metres.
ELEMENT OF A TYPICAL RAIN WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) Find the total cost C of digging the tank in terms of x .
dC
(ii) Find .
dx
(iii) Find the value of x for which cost C is minimum.
OR
(iii) Check whether the cost function C(x) expressed in terms of x is increasing or not, where x  0.
250
Sol. (i) Since capacity of the tank is, 250 m3 = x  x  h h=
x2
Total cost, C = 5000  x 2 + 40000  h 2
2
 250 
 C = 5000  x + 40000   2 
2

 x 
2500000000
 C = 5000  x 2 +
x4
dC 4  2500000000 10000000000
(ii) = 5000  2x − 5
= 10000x −
dx x x5
d 2C 50000000000
(iii) Now 2
= 10000 +
dx x6
dC 10000000000
For = 0, 10000x − =0
dx x5
 1000000 
 10000  x − =0
 x 5 
 x 6 − 1000000 
 5  =0  x 6 − 1000000 = 0  x 6 = 106
 x 
 x = 10 m .
 d 2C  50000000000
Note that,  2  = 10000 + = 10000 + 50000 = 60000  0 so, C is minimum when
 dx at x =10 106
x = 10 m .
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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 5

OR
dC 10000000000  x 6 − 106 
(iii) Note that, = 10000x − = 10000  x5 
dx x5  
dC
Clearly when x  0,  0.
dx
That means, C(x) is not an increasing function, when x  0.

CASE STUDY III

7 2 13
Q5. A volleyball player serves the ball which takes a parabolic path given by the equation h(t) = − t + t + 1,
2 2
where h(t) is the height of ball at any time t (in seconds), (t  0).

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) Is h(t) a continuous function? Justify.
(ii) Find the time at which the height of the ball is maximum.
Sol. (i) Since h(t) is a polynomial function, so it is continuous everywhere when t  0 .
7 2 13 13
(ii) h(t) = − t + t + 1 implies, h(t) = −7t +
2 2 2

and, h (t) = −7  0 (case of maxima)
13 13
For h(t) = 0, − 7t + =0 t = seconds .
2 14
23.Find the maximum and minimum values of the function given by f (x) = 5 + sin 2x.
Sol. Since −1  sin 2x  1  x  Real nos.
So, −1 + 5  sin 2 x + 5  1 + 5
That is, 4  f (x)  6 .
So, the maximum value of f (x) is 6 and minimum value is 4.

Q6. A factory makes an open cardboard box for a jewellery shop from a square sheet of side 18 cm by cutting off
squares from each corner and folding up the flaps.

Based on the above information, answer any four of the following five questions, if x is the length of each
square cut from corners :
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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 6

(i) The volume of the open box is in terms of x is

(a) 4x(x 2 − 18x + 81) (b) 2x(2x 2 + 36x + 162)
(c) 2x(2x 2 + 36x − 162) (d) 4x(x 2 + 18x + 81)
(ii) The condition from the volume (V) to be maximum is
dV d2V dV d2V
(a) = 0 and 0 (b) = 0 and 0
dx dx 2 dx dx 2
dV d2V dV d2V
(c)  0 and =0 (d)  0 and =0
dx dx 2 dx dx 2
(iii) What should be the side of square to be cut off so that the volume is maximum?
(a) 6 cm (b) 9 cm
(c) 3 cm (d) 4 cm
(iv) Maximum volume of the open box is
(a) 423 cm3 (b) 432 cm3
3
(c) 400 cm (d) 216 cm3
(v) The total area of the removed squares is
(a) 324 cm 2 (b) 144 cm 2
(c) 36 cm 2 (d) 64 cm 2
(i)A (ii)A (iii)C (iv)B (v)C

Q7 An architect designs a building for a multi-national company. The floor consists of a rectangular region with
semicircular ends having a perimeter of 200 m as shown below :

Based on the above information answer the following :

(i) If x and y represents the length and breadth of the rectangular region, then the relation between the
variables is
(a) x + y = 100
(b) 2x + y = 200
(c) x + y = 50
(d) x + y = 100
(ii) The area of the rectangular region A expressed as a function of x is
2
(a) (100x – x 2 )

1
(b) (100x – x 2 )

x
(c) (100 – x)

2
(d) y2 + (100x – x 2 )

(iii) The maximum value of area A is

(a) m2
3200
3200 2
(b) m


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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 7

5000 2
(c) m

1000 2
(d) m

(iv) The CEO of the multi-national company is interested in maximizing the area of the whole floor including
the semi-circular ends. For this to happen, the value of x should be
(a) 0 m
(b) 30 m
(c) 50 m
(d) 80 m
(v) The extra area generated if the area of the whole floor is maximized is
3000 2
(a) m

5000 2
(b) m

7000 2
(c) m

(d) No change, Both areas are equal

1 y 1 y
Sol (i) (b) Since the perimeter is 200 m so,   2  + x + x +   2  = 200
2 2 2 2
1 y
 2    2  + 2x = 200
2 2
 y + 2x = 200 .
(ii) (a) Area of the rectangular region, A = xy
 200 − 2x 
 A = x 
  
2
 A = (100x – x 2 ) .

2
(iii) (c) Note that A = (100x – x 2 )

dA 2
 = (100 – 2x)
dx 
d2A 2
 2 = (–2)  0 so, A is maximum.
dx 
dA 2
For = 0, (100 – 2x) = 0
dx 
 x = 50 m.
2
So, the maximum value of area A =  50  (100 – 50)

5000 2
A= m .

2
2 1 y
(iv) (a) Area of the whole floor, S = (100x – x ) + 2    
2

 2 2
  200 − 2x  200 − 2x
2
2 
S= (100x – x 2 ) +     y =
 4    
  2(100 − x) 
2
2
S= (100x – x 2 ) +   
 4   

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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 8

2 1
S= (100x – x 2 ) +  (100 − x) 2
 
dS 2 1
Now = (100 – 2x) −  2(100 − x)
dx  
2
dS 4 1 2
Also = − +  2 = −  0 means, S is maximum.
dx 2
  
dS 2 1
For = 0, (100 – 2x) −  2(100 − x) = 0
dx  
2
 (100 – 2x) − (100 − x)  = 0

 x = 0 m.
2 1
(v) (d) Note that the value of S at x = 0 m , S = (100  0 – 02 ) +  (100 − 0) 2
 
2 1
 S = (0) +  (100)2
 
10000 2
That is, S = m

5000 2
The extra area generated = S − A = m .

Therefore, the extra area is same as the previous area of rectangular region.
So, there is no change in both the areas.

Q8 Prove that the radius of the right circular cylinder of greatest curved surface area which can be inscribed in a
given cone is half of that of the cone.
Let H and R be the height and radius of the base of the given cone respectively.
Suppose the radius and height of the cylinder inscribed in the cone be r and h respectively
Now, BC = DE = r, AB = H – h.
As ABC~ ADF .
AB BC
So, =
AD DF
H−h r
 =
H R
 r 
 h = 1 −  H .
 R
Let S be the curved surface area of the cylinder.
So, S = 2rh
 r
 S = 2r 1 −  H
 R
 r2 
 S = 2H  r − 
 R
dS  2r 
Now, differentiating with respect to r, we get : = 2H 1 − 
dr  R
d 2S  2 4H
Again differentiating with respect to r, we get : 2 = 2H  −  = − .
dr  R R
dS  2r  R
For the points of local maxima or minima, = 0 i.e., 2H 1 −  = 0  r =
dr  R 2
d 2S  4H
Now, 2  =−  0.
dr  at r = R R
2

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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 9

R
So, curved surface area S, of the cylinder is maximum at r = .
2
Hence, the radius of the right circular cylinder of greatest curved surface area which can be inscribed in a given
cone is half of that of the cone.

Q9 Show that the height of the right circular cylinder of greatest volume which can be inscribed in a right
circular cone of height h and radius r is one-third of the height of the cone, and the greatest volume of the
4
cylinder is times the volume of the cone.
9
Sol. Let H = Height of cylinder
R = Radius of cylinder
Note that ADF ~ AEC
h–H R
 =
h r
r
 R = (h – H)
h
And volume of cylinder , V = R 2 H
r2 r 2 3
 V =  H  2 (h – H) = 2 (H – 2hH 2 + Hh 2 )
2

h h
r 2
V(H) = 2 ( 3H2 – 4hH + h 2 )
h
 r2
For V(h) = 0,
h2
(3H2 – 4hH + h 2 ) = 0
 (3H − h)(H − h) = 0
h
H= ( Hh
3
 r2
Also V(H) = 2 ( 6H – 4h )
h
 h   r2
Note that V  H =  = 2 (– 2h)  0
 3 h
h 2r
 V is maximum at H = and R =
3 3
 2
We know that the volume of cone = r h
3
Volume of cylinder 3R H 2
4r 2 h 1 4
So, = = 3    2 = .
Volume of cone r h
2
9 3 rh 9

Q10. Amongst all open (from the top) right circular cylindrical boxes of volume 125  cm 3 , find the dimensions of
the box which has the least surface area.
Sol. Let radius be r and height be h.
Given that volume is, 125  =  r 2 h
125
h= ...(i)
r2
Now surface area, S = 2 r h +  r
2

125
 S = 2 +  r2
r
dS  125 
 = 2  − 2  + 2 r
dr  r 

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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 10

dS  125 
For = 0, 2  − 2  + 2 r = 0
dr  r 
r = 5
d 2S  250 
Also = 2  3  + 2
 r 
2
dr
d 2S   250 
2 
= 2   + 2 = 6   0 so, S is least at r = 5 .
dr  at r =5  125 
125
Now radius is, r = 5 cm and height is, h = = 5 cm.
52

b
Q11. Fill in the blanks : The least value of the function f (x) = ax + , (a  0, b  0, x  0) is ______.
x
[Delhi 2020
b
Sol. Here f (x) = ax + ; a  0, b  0, x  0
x
b 2b
 f (x) = a − 2 and, f (x) = 3
x x
b b  b
For critical points, f (x) = a − 2 = 0 x=  x  0 x  −
x a  a
 b  2b 2a 3/2 b
As f   x=
 a  = b3/2 = b  0 so, f (x) has least value at a
.
 
a 3/2
 b b b
 a  = a a + b = ab + ab = 2 ab .
Also, the least value of function is, f 
 
a
b b
Alternatively, Here we can use A.M. and G.M. of ax and to find the least value of ax + . But then,
x x
derivative won’t be used.
Since A.M.  G.M.
b
ax +
That means, x  ax  b
2 x
b
 ax +  2 ab .
x
b
Therefore the least value of ax + is 2 ab .
x

Q12. A magazine seller has 500 subscribers and collects annual subscription charges of ` 300/- per subscriber. She
proposes to increase the annual subscription charges and it is believed that for every increase of ` 1/-, one
subscriber will discontinue. What increase will bring maximum income to her? Make appropriate assumptions in
order to apply derivatives to reach the solution. [2017]
Sol. Let the seller increases ` x in annual subscription.
 Total revenue generated by her, R ( x ) = ` ( 300 + x )( 500 − x ) [1+1/2]
Diff. w.r.t. x both sides, R  ( x ) = − ( 300 + x ) + ( 500 − x ) = 200 − 2x [1/2]
Again diff. w.r.t. x, R  ( x ) = −2 [1/2]
For the points of local maxima & local minima, R  ( x ) = 0  x = 100
Now, R  ( x = 100 ) = −2  0  R ( x ) is maximum at x = 100 .
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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 11

So, an increment of `100 will maximize the profit. [1/2]

Q13. A given rectangular area is to be fenced off in a field whose length lies along a straight river. If no fencing is
needed along the river, show that the least length of fencing will be required when length of the field is
twice its breadth. [SP 2014
Let length be x m and breadth be y m.
 length of fence, L = x + 2y
Let given area, A = xy  y = A/x
dL 2A d 2 L 4A
So, L = x + 2A/x  = 1− 2 , = 3
dx x dx 2 x
For points of local maxima and minima, dL/dx = 0  x = 2A
d2L  4A
 = 0 L is minimum at x = 2A .
dx 2  at x= 2A ( 2A)3
2A
Also minimum length = 2A + = 2 2A
2A
A
So x = 2A and y = which implies, x = 2 y.
2

Q14. Prove that the altitude of the right circular cone of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a sphere of
4r 8
radius r is . Also show that the maximum volume of the cone is of the volume of the sphere.
3 27
Sol. Let VAB be a cone of maximum volume inscribed in a sphere of radius r.
Let OC = x. Then AC = r 2 − x2 = Radius of cone, VC = OC + VO = x + r = Height of cone.
1
Then volume of cone, V = π(AC)2 (VC)
3
1
 V = π(r 2 − x 2 )(r + x)
3
dV 1 1
 = π  r 2 − x 2 − 2x(r + x)  = π r 2 − 3x 2 − 2 r x 
dx 3 3
2
dV 1
And, = π  − 6x − 2 r  .
dx 2 3
dV
For points of local maxima & local minima, we have =0
dx
1 r
i.e., π  r 2 − 3x 2 − 2 r x  = 0  (r − 3x)(r + x) = 0  x = , x = −r
3 3
d V
2
1 4rπ
We shall reject x = −r . So, 2 
= π  − 2r − 2 r  = − 0
dx  at x= r 3 3
3

r
So, V is maximum at x = .
3
r 4r
Now, height of cone VC = x + r =+r = . Hence Proved.
3 3
1  2  r  
2
r  1  32 3  8  4 3 
Now, volume of the cone = = π  r −     r +  = π  r =  πr 
3   3    3  3  27  27  3 
8
 maximum volume of cone = ( volume of sphere ) . Hence Proved.
27

Q15. AB is a diameter of a circle and C is any point on the circle. Show that the area of ABC is maximum, when
it is isosceles. [Compt. ’14 AI, ’17 AI
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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 12

Sol. Let AB = 2r , where r is radius of circle. Let BC = x units

In ABC, C = 90o , AC = AB2 − BC2 = 4r 2 − x 2
1
Now area of ABC, A = ( AC)( BC)
2
4r 2 − x 2 . ( x )  A 2 = ( 4r 2 x 2 − x 4 ) = f ( x ) Say.
1 1
=
2 4
 f  ( x ) = (8r x − 4x 3 ) = 2r 2 x − x 3 , f  ( x ) = 2r 2 − 3x 2
1 2
4
For points of local maxima and/or minima, f  ( x ) = 0  x = 2r
f  ( 2r ) = 2r 2
− 3 ( 2r 2 ) = −4r 2  0  f ( x ) is maximum at x = 2r
So, A is also maximum at x = 2r units
Now, BC = x = 2r, AC = 2r = BC ABC is isosceles triangle

Q16 Show that the height of cylinder of maximum volume, that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius R is
2R
. Also find the maximum volume.
3
Let r and h be the radius and height of cylinder inscribed in a sphere of radius R.
In BDA ,
BD2 + AD2 = AB2 [By using Pythagoras theorem
4R 2 − h2
 h2 + (2r)2 = (2R)2  r2 = …(i)
4
Now volume of the cylinder, V = π r h
2

 4R 2 − h2 
= π h [By using (i)
 4 
V=
π
4
(
4R 2 h − h 3 )
dV d  π 
Differentiating w.r.t. h both the sides: =  4R 2 h − h3 
dh dh  4 
( )

dV π
=
dh 4
(
4R 2 − 3h 2 )
d 2V d  π 
Again differentiating w.r.t. h both the sides:
dh 2
=  4R 2 − 3h2 
dh  4 
( )
d2V π d V −6πh
2
= ( 0 − 6h )
3π
  2 = =− h
dh2 4 dh 4 2
dV
For points of local maxima & minima, =0
dh

π
4
(
4R 2 − 3h 2 = 0 )
 3h2 = 4R 2

2R
 h= .
3
d 2V  3π  2R 
2 
=− = − 3 Rπ  0
2  3 
Now,
dh  at h= 2R
3

2R
So, V is maximum at h = .
3
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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 13

2R
Hence, height of the cylinder of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius R is .
3
π   4R    2R  4πR 3
Also volume, V =  4R −  = cubic units .
4 3  3  3 3
4πR 3
Hence maximum volume is cubic units .
3 3

Problems From Additional and SQP

Q17

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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 14

1
Q18. If f (x) = then its maximum value is _______.
4x + 2x + 1
2

1
Sol5. As f (x) = is maximum when 4x 2 + 2x + 1 is minimum.
4x + 2x + 1
2

 1 1
Now 4x 2 + 2x + 1 = 4  x 2 + x+ 
 2 4

 1
2
3 3 1
 = 4   x +  +  , which has minimum value of at x = − .
 
4  16  4 4


Therefore, the maximum value of f (x) is 4/3 .

Exemplar
Q19. Find the maximum and minimum values of f (x) = sec x + log cos2x, 0 ≤ x < 2π.

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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 15

x 2 y2
Q20. Find the area of greatest rectangle that can be inscribed in an ellipse + = 1.
a 2 b2

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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 16

Q21. Find the difference between the greatest and least values of the function f (x) = sin2x – x, on the interval
  
 − 2 , 2  .

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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 17

Q22 At what point, the slope of the curve y = – x3 + 3x2 + 9x – 27 is maximum?

Also find the maximum slope.

dy
Here y = −x + 3x + 9x − 27  = −3x 2 + 6x + 9 = M (slope).
3 2
Sol.
dx

( )
Now M = −3x 2 + 6x + 9 = −3 x 2 − 2x + 9 = −3  x 2 − 2x + 1 − 1 + 9  M = −3 ( x − 1) + 12
2

Since ( x − 1)  0 for all x  R  −3 ( x − 1)  0  −3 ( x − 1) + 12  12

2 2 2

That is, M  12.

So, maximum value of slope is 12.

And, M = 12 is obtained when ( x − 1) is minimum i.e. ( x − 1) = 0  x = 1

2 2

and, y = − (1) + 3 (1) + 9 (1) − 27 = −16 . So, point is (1, −16 ) .

3 2

Q23. If the sum of the lengths of the hypotenuse and a side of a right angled triangle is given, show that the area
of the triangle is maximum when the angle between them is π/3 .

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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 18

Sol. Given s = h + b — (i)

By Pythagoras Theorem, h 2 = p 2 + b 2 — (ii)

1 1
Area of , A = (BC)(AB) = ( b )( p )
2 2

1
A= (s − h ) h 2 − (s − h )
2
[By (i) & (ii)
2

( s − h ) ( 2sh − s2 ) = f ( h ) [Say
1
Squaring both sides, A =
2 2

( s − h ) 2s − 0 + ( 2sh − s2 ) .2 (s − h )( −1)

1 1
f  ( h ) =
2

4 4

s s s s
= ( s − h ) − ( s − h )( 2h − s ) = (s − h )( 2s − 3h )  f  ( h ) = ( 6h − 5s )
2

2 2 2 2

2
For points of local maximum and/or minima, f  ( h ) = 0  h = s
3

2  1 2
 f   s  = − s 2  0 . So f ( h ) is maximum at h = s
3  2 3

2
Hence A is also maximum at h = s.
3

b s−h 3 1 
Now cos C = = = − 1  cos C =  C = .
h h 2 2 3

Q24. Find the dimensions of the rectangle of perimeter 36 cm which will sweep out a volume as large as possible,
when revolved about one of its sides. Also find the maximum volume.

Sol. Let l and b represent the length of rectangle and its width respectively.

So, 2(l + b) = 36  l + b = 18 —(i)

If rectangle is revolved about its length to form a cylinder then, radius of the base of cylinder r = b and height
h = l.

Now volume of cylinder, V = r 2 h  V = b 2 (18 − b ) =  18b 2 − b3 ( )

d2V
=  ( 36b − 3b2 ) = 3 (12b − b2 ) and, 2 = 3 (12 − 2b ) = 6 ( 6 − b )
dV

db db

dV d2V 
= 0  b = 12, l = 6; = −36  0
db 2  at b =12
For critical points,
db

So, V is maximum at b = 12cm

Now, l = 6cm, b = 12cm are the dimensions of rectangle.

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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 19

And, maximum volume V =  (12 ) (18 − 12 ) = 864 cm3 .

2

Q25. A metal box with a square base and vertical sides is to contain 1024 cm3. The material for the top and
bottom costs `5/cm2 and the material for the sides costs `2.50/cm2. Find the least cost of the box.

Sol. Let length and width of base be of x units each and vertical sides be of h units.

So, l b h = 1024cm3  hx 2 = 1024 — (i)

( )
Now cost of material is, C = ` 10x 2 + ( 4hx )( 2.50 )  C = 10x 2 + 10hx (By (i)

10240 dC 10240 d 2C 20480

 C = 10x 2 +  = 20x − 2
, 2 = 20 +
x dx x dx x3

dC  10240  d 2c 
= 0,  20x −  =  = = 60  0
dx 2  at x =8cm
For 0 x 8cm;
dx  x2 

So, C is least at x = 8cm .

 10240 
Now least cost is C = ` 10 ( 8 ) +  = ` 1920 /-.
2

 8 

NCERT QUESTION/Extra

Q26

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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 20

x 2 y2
Q27. Find the maximum area of an isosceles triangle inscribed in the ellipse + = 1 , with its vertex at
25 16
one end of the major axis.
Ans

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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 21

Q28) Find maximum value of x1/x

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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 22

Q29 Find the coordinates of a point of the parabola y = x 2 + 7x + 2 which is closest to the straight line
y = 3x − 3
Given line is y = 3x − 3 i.e., 3x − y − 3 = 0 …(i)

Also let the required point on the parabola y = x 2 + 7x + 2 be P(h, k) k = h 2 + 7h + 2...(i)

| 3h − k − 3 |
Distance of P from line 3x – y – 3 = 0 is, s =
32 + ( −1) 2

| 3h − h 2 − 7h − 2 − 3 | | −h 2 − 4h − 5 | | h 2 + 4h + 5 |
s= , by (i) s= =
10 10 10

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 MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 23

(h + 2) 2 + 1 ds 2(h + 2) + 0 2(h + 2) d 2s 2
s=  = = & 2 = 0
10 dh 10 10 dh 10

So, s is least for all value of h.

ds 2(h + 2)
For local points of maxima and/or minima, = =0  h = −2
dh 10

By (i), k = (−2) 2 + 7(−2) + 2 = −8

Hence the coordinates of the required points on the given parabola are P(–2, –8)

Q30. Tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 at any point on it in the first quadrant makes intercepts OA and OB on x
and y axes respectively, O being the centre of circle. Find the minimum value of (OA + OB).

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MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 24

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MATHS BY RUPESH K JHA... GS ROAD CHRISTIAN BASTI GUWAHATI 25

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