1

The diagram shows a glass window consisting of a rectangle of height h m and width 2r m and a
semicircle of radius r m. The perimeter of the window is 8 m.

(i) Express h in terms of r. [2]

(ii) Show that the area of the window, A m2 , is given by

A = 8r − 2r 2 − 12 π r2 . [2]

Given that r can vary,

(iii) find the value of r for which A has a stationary value, [4]
(iv) determine whether this stationary value is a maximum or a minimum. [2]

9709/01/M/J/04
2

The diagram shows the cross-section of a hollow cone and a circular cylinder. The cone has radius
6 cm and height 12 cm, and the cylinder has radius r cm and height h cm. The cylinder just fits inside
the cone with all of its upper edge touching the surface of the cone.

(i) Express h in terms of r and hence show that the volume, V cm3 , of the cylinder is given by

V = 12π r2 − 2π r3 . [3]

(ii) Given that r varies, find the stationary value of V . [4]

9709/01/O/N/05
3

The diagram shows an open container constructed out of 200 cm2 of cardboard. The two vertical end
pieces are isosceles triangles with sides 5x cm, 5x cm and 8x cm, and the two side pieces are rectangles
of length y cm and width 5x cm, as shown. The open top is a horizontal rectangle.

200 − 24x2
(i) Show that y = . [3]
10x

(ii) Show that the volume, V cm3 , of the container is given by V = 240x − 28.8x3 . [2]

Given that x can vary,

(iii) find the value of x for which V has a stationary value, [3]
(iv) determine whether it is a maximum or a minimum stationary value. [2]
9709/01/M/J/06

r cm

x cm

A wire, 80 cm long, is cut into two pieces. One piece is bent to form a square of side x cm and the
other piece is bent to form a circle of radius r cm (see diagram). The total area of the square and the
circle is A cm2 .

(π + 4)x2 − 160x + 1600

(i) Show that A = . [4]
π
(ii) Given that x and r can vary, find the value of x for which A has a stationary value. [4]

9709/01/O/N/8
5
P

r cm

O q rad Q

A piece of wire of length 50 cm is bent to form the perimeter of a sector POQ of a circle. The radius
of the circle is r cm and the angle POQ is θ radians (see diagram).
 (i) Express θ in terms of r and show that the area, A cm2 , of the sector is given by

A = 25r − r2 . [4]

(ii) Given that r can vary, find the stationary value of A and determine its nature. [4]
9709/12/O/N/09

6 A solid rectangular block has a square base of side x cm. The height of the block is h cm and the total
surface area of the block is 96 cm2 .

(i) Express h in terms of x and show that the volume, V cm3 , of the block is given by

V = 24x − 12 x3 . [3]

Given that x can vary,

(ii) find the stationary value of V , [3]
(iii) determine whether this stationary value is a maximum or a minimum. [2]

9709/12/M/J/10

x cm

y cm x cm

The diagram shows a metal plate consisting of a rectangle with sides x cm and y cm and a quarter-circle
of radius x cm. The perimeter of the plate is 60 cm.

(i) Express y in terms of x. [2]

(ii) Show that the area of the plate, A cm2 , is given by A = 30x − x2 . [2]

Given that x can vary,

(iii) find the value of x at which A is stationary, [2]
(iv) find this stationary value of A, and determine whether it is a maximum or a minimum value. [2]

9709/11/O/N/10
8
5
4
x
4
5
x

1
2
x
x

The diagram shows an open rectangular tank of height h metres covered with a lid. The base of the
tank has sides of length x metres and 21 x metres and the lid is a rectangle with sides of length 54 x metres
and 54 x metres. When full the tank holds 4 m3 of water. The material from which the tank is made is
of negligible thickness. The external surface area of the tank together with the area of the top of the
lid is A m2 .
24
(i) Express h in terms of x and hence show that A = 32 x2 + . [5]
x
(ii) Given that x can vary, find the value of x for which A is a minimum, showing clearly that A is a
minimum and not a maximum. [5]

9709/12/O/N/10

9 The variables x, y and ß can take only positive values and are such that
ß = 3x + 2y and xy = 600.

1200
(i) Show that ß = 3x + . [1]
x
(ii) Find the stationary value of ß and determine its nature. [6]
9709/11/M/J/11

10 x

2y
3y
3x

4x

The diagram shows the dimensions in metres of an L-shaped garden. The perimeter of the garden is
48 m.

(i) Find an expression for y in terms of x. [1]

(ii) Given that the area of the garden is A m2 , show that A = 48x − 8x2 . [2]

(iii) Given that x can vary, find the maximum area of the garden, showing that this is a maximum
value rather than a minimum value. [4]

9709/11/O/N/11
11
X 2x m
B C

40 m
Playground
Y
xm
A D
60 m

The diagram shows a plan for a rectangular park ABCD, in which AB = 40 m and AD = 60 m. Points
X and Y lie on BC and CD respectively and AX , XY and YA are paths that surround a triangular
playground. The length of DY is x m and the length of XC is 2x m.

(i) Show that the area, A m2 , of the playground is given by

A = x2 − 30x + 1200. [2]

(ii) Given that x can vary, find the minimum area of the playground. [3]
9709/12/O/N/12

12 The volume of a solid circular cylinder of radius r cm is 2500 cm3 .

(i) Show that the total surface area, S cm2 , of the cylinder is given by
5000
S = 20r2 + . 2
r

(ii) Given that r can vary, find the stationary value of S. [4]

(iii) Determine the nature of this stationary value. [2]

9709/12/M/J/13

13 The non-zero variables x, y and u are such that u = x2 y. Given that y + 3x = 9, find the stationary
value of u and determine whether this is a maximum or a minimum value. [7]

9709/13/M/J/13

14
x metres

r metres

The inside lane of a school running track consists of two straight sections each of length x metres,
and two semicircular sections each of radius r metres, as shown in the diagram. The straight sections
are perpendicular to the diameters of the semicircular sections. The perimeter of the inside lane is
400 metres.
 (i) Show that the area, A m2 , of the region enclosed by the inside lane is given by A = 400r − 0r2 .
[4]

(ii) Given that x and r can vary, show that, when A has a stationary value, there are no straight
sections in the track. Determine whether the stationary value is a maximum or a minimum. [5]
9709/11/O/N/13

15 y

S (0, 12)

R Q (x, y)

T (16, 0)
x
O P

In the diagram, S is the point 0, 12
and T is the point 16, 0
. The point Q lies on ST , between S
and T , and has coordinates x, y
. The points P and R lie on the x-axis and y-axis respectively and
OPQR is a rectangle.

(i) Show that the area, A, of the rectangle OPQR is given by A = 12x − 34 x2 . [3]

(ii) Given that x can vary, find the stationary value of A and determine its nature. [4]

9709/12/O/N/13

16 The base of a cuboid has sides of length x cm and 3x cm. The volume of the cuboid is 288 cm3.

(i) Show that the total surface area of the cuboid, A cm2, is given by
768
A = 6x2 + . 3
x

(ii) Given that x can vary, find the stationary value of A and determine its nature. [5]

9709/13/M/J/14
17 A piece of wire of length 24 cm is bent to form the perimeter of a sector of a circle of radius r cm.

(i) Show that the area of the sector, A cm2, is given by A = 12r − r2 . [3]

(ii) Express A in the form a − r − b
2 , where a and b are constants. [2]

(iii) Given that r can vary, state the greatest value of A and find the corresponding angle of the sector.
[2]

9709/11/M/J/15

18 Variables u, x and y are such that u = 2x y − x
and x + 3y = 12. Express u in terms of x and hence
find the stationary value of u. [5]

9709/12/M/J/15

19 D C
m
40 c
F A B
B 30Å 30Å
A
30Å 30Å
h cm

E E
Fig. 1 Fig. 2

Fig. 1 shows an open tank in the shape of a triangular prism. The vertical ends ABE and DCF are
identical isosceles triangles. Angle ABE = angle BAE = 30Å. The length of AD is 40 cm. The tank is
fixed in position with the open top ABCD horizontal. Water is poured into the tank at a constant rate
of 200 cm3 s−1 . The depth of water, t seconds after filling starts, is h cm (see Fig. 2).

(i) Show that, when the depth of water in the tank is h cm, the volume, V cm3 , of water in the tank
is given by V = 40ï3
h2 . [3]

(ii) Find the rate at which h is increasing when h = 5. [3]

9709/12/O/N/15

20 A vacuum flask (for keeping drinks hot) is modelled as a closed cylinder in which the internal radius
is r cm and the internal height is h cm. The volume of the flask is 1000 cm3. A flask is most efficient
when the total internal surface area, A cm2, is a minimum.

2000
(i) Show that A = 20r2 + . [3]
r
(ii) Given that r can vary, find the value of r, correct to 1 decimal place, for which A has a stationary
value and verify that the flask is most efficient when r takes this value. [5]

9709/12/F/M/16
21
xm

ym

A farmer divides a rectangular piece of land into 8 equal-sized rectangular sheep pens as shown in the
diagram. Each sheep pen measures x m by y m and is fully enclosed by metal fencing. The farmer
uses 480 m of fencing.

(i) Show that the total area of land used for the sheep pens, A m2, is given by
A = 384x − 9.6x2 . [3]

(ii) Given that x and y can vary, find the dimensions of each sheep pen for which the value of A is a
maximum. (There is no need to verify that the value of A is a maximum.) [3]

9709/11/M/J/16

22 The horizontal base of a solid prism is an equilateral triangle of side x cm. The sides of the prism are
vertical. The height of the prism is h cm and the volume of the prism is 2000 cm3 .

(i) Express h in terms of x and show that the total surface area of the prism, A cm2 , is given by
ï3 2 24 000 −1
A= x + x . [3]
2 ï3
9709/11/M/J/17

23 Machines in a factory make cardboard cones of base radius r cm and vertical height h cm. The volume,
V cm3 , of such a cone is given by V = 13 0r 2 h. The machines produce cones for which h + r = 18.

(i) Show that V = 60r 2 − 13 0r3 . [1]

(ii) Given that r can vary, find the non-zero value of r for which V has a stationary value and show
that the stationary value is a maximum. [4]

(iii) Find the maximum volume of a cone that can be made by these machines. [1]
24
y
y = 5x

Q R

P
y = x 9 − x2

x
O

The diagram shows part of the curve y = x 9 − x2
and the line y = 5x, intersecting at the origin O and
the point R. Point P lies on the line y = 5x between O and R and the x-coordinate of P is t. Point Q
lies on the curve and PQ is parallel to the y-axis.

(i) Express the length of PQ in terms of t, simplifying your answer. [2]

(ii) Given that t can vary, find the maximum value of the length of PQ. [3]

9709/12/O/N/18

25

15 cm h cm

The diagram shows a solid cone which has a slant height of 15 cm and a vertical height of h cm.

(i) Show that the volume, V cm3, of the cone is given by V = 13 0 225h − h3
. [2]

[The volume of a cone of radius r and vertical height h is 13 0r2 h.]

(ii) Given that h can vary, find the value of h for which V has a stationary value. Determine, showing
all necessary working, the nature of this stationary value. [5]

9709/12/O/N/19

26 The volume V m3 of a large circular mound of iron ore of radius r m is modelled by the equation
V= 3 r − 1 3 − 1 for r ≥ 2. Iron ore is added to the mound at a constant rate of 1.5 m3 per second.
2 2

(a) Find the rate at which the radius of the mound is increasing at the instant when the radius is 5.5 m.
[3]

(b) Find the volume of the mound at the instant when the radius is increasing at 0.1 m per second.
[3]

9709/12/O/N/21