‫أولى ميكاترونيكس‬

‫‪Circuits 2‬‬
‫‪Part 1‬‬

‫‪2022 - 2023‬‬
‫حى الجامعة – شارع سعيد الشرقاوى أمام القرية األولمبية – ناصية محل ‪Desire‬‬
‫بجوار النادى الصينى – فيال د‪ /‬سعيد الجندى – الدور األول و الثانى‬

‫‪Center View : 01068657978 – 01014655656‬‬

 Capacitors

➢ capacitor is a passive element designed to store energy in its

electric field.
➢ capacitor consists of two conducting plates separated by an
insulator or dielectric.
➢ In many practical applications, the plates may be aluminum foil
while the dielectric may be air, ceramic, paper, or mica.

capacitor with applied voltage v capacitor.

➢ The amount of charge stored represented by q is

directly proportional to the applied voltage so that

Eng.Ahmed Bonna (1) Circuits (2)

01091842306
 ‫‪q‬‬
‫‪v‬‬
‫الشحنة المخزنة‬
‫جهد المصدر‬
‫على المكثق‬
‫يقاس ب‬
‫تقاس ب‬
‫)‪Volt (V‬‬
‫)‪Coulomb (C‬‬

‫‪C‬‬
‫ثابت سعة المكثف‬
‫تقاس ب‬
‫)‪Farad (F‬‬

‫الجهد و التيار‬

‫=‬

‫𝒕‬
‫𝟏‬
‫𝟎𝒕 𝒗 ‪𝒗 𝒕 = න ⅈ 𝒕 ⅆ𝒕 +‬‬
‫𝒄‬
‫𝟎𝒕‬

‫𝟎𝒕 𝒗 عبارة عن القيمة المخزنة فى المكثف فى البداية‬

‫‪Eng.Ahmed Bonna‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫)‪Circuits (2‬‬

‫‪01091842306‬‬
 power & Energy

Power

Energy

𝒘 = න 𝑷 𝒕 ⅆ𝒕
𝟎

Eng.Ahmed Bonna (3) Circuits (2)

01091842306
 Example 1

Example 2

Eng.Ahmed Bonna (4) Circuits (2)

01091842306
 Example 3

Eng.Ahmed Bonna (5) Circuits (2)

01091842306
 Example 4

Eng.Ahmed Bonna (6) Circuits (2)

01091842306
 Example 5

If a 0.5 μF capacitor is connected to a voltage source with

Calculate the current through the capacitor, the power delivered to

the capacitor, the energy stored in the capacitor.

C = 0.5 μF ,

Eng.Ahmed Bonna (7) Circuits (2)

01091842306
Eng.Ahmed Bonna Circuits (2)
01091842306
 Series and Parallel Capacitors

Parallel Series

‫عكس المقاومات‬

Eng.Ahmed Bonna (8) Circuits (2)

01091842306
 Example 6

Eng.Ahmed Bonna (9) Circuits (2)

01091842306
 Example 7

Eng.Ahmed Bonna (10) Circuits (2)

01091842306
 𝑣1
Example 8

i 2𝜇𝐹
ⅈ 𝒕 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎 ∗ ⅇ−𝟏𝟎𝒕 𝜇𝐴
𝒗𝟏 𝟎 = −𝟏𝟎𝐕
𝒗𝟐 𝟎 = −𝟓V 8𝜇𝐹 𝑣2

Find W at t = infinity & 𝑪𝒆𝒒

𝑪𝟏 𝑪𝟐 𝟐∗𝟖
𝑪𝒆𝒒 = = = 𝟏. 𝟔𝝁𝑭
𝑪𝟏 + 𝑪𝟐 𝟐 + 𝟖

𝟏 𝒕 𝟏 𝒕
𝒗𝟏 𝒕 = 𝑪 ‫ 𝒕׬‬ⅈ 𝒕 ⅆ𝒕 + 𝒗𝟏 𝒕𝟎 𝒗𝟐 𝒕 = 𝑪 ‫ 𝒕׬‬ⅈ 𝒕 ⅆ𝒕 + 𝒗𝟐 𝒕𝟎
𝟏 𝟎 𝟐 𝟎

𝟏 𝒕 𝟏 𝒕
𝒗𝟏 𝒕 = 𝟐 ‫ ∗ 𝟎𝟒𝟐 𝟎׬‬ⅇ−𝟏𝟎𝒕 ⅆ𝒕 − 𝟏𝟎 𝒗𝟐 𝒕 = ‫ ∗ 𝟎𝟒𝟐 𝟎׬‬ⅇ−𝟏𝟎𝒕 ⅆ𝒕 − 𝟓
. 𝟖 .
t 𝟏 t
𝟏 −𝟏𝟎𝒕
𝒗𝟏 𝒕 = [−𝟐𝟒 ∗ ⅇ−𝟏𝟎𝒕 ] - 10 𝒗𝟐 𝒕 = [−𝟐𝟒 ∗ ⅇ ] -5
𝟐 𝟖 0
0
𝟏 𝟏
𝒗𝟏 𝒕 = [−𝟐𝟒 ∗ ⅇ−𝟏𝟎𝒕 + 𝟐𝟒] - 10 𝒗𝟐 𝒕 = [−𝟐𝟒 ∗ ⅇ−𝟏𝟎𝒕 + 𝟐𝟒] - 5
𝟐 𝟖

𝒗𝟏 𝒕 = −𝟏𝟐 ∗ ⅇ−𝟏𝟎𝒕 + 2 𝒗𝟐 𝒕 = −𝟑 ∗ ⅇ−𝟏𝟎𝒕 - 2

at t = infinity at t = infinity
𝒗𝟏 𝒕 = 2 V 𝒗𝟐 𝒕 = - 2

𝑾𝒕 = 𝑾𝟏 + 𝑾𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
𝑪𝟏 𝒗𝟐
𝑰 + 𝟐 𝑪𝟐 𝑽𝟐𝟐 = 0.5*2*4+0.5*8*4 = 20 𝝁𝐣
𝟐

Eng.Ahmed Bonna (11) Circuits (2)

01091842306
 Inductors

➢ An inductor is a passive element designed to store energy

in its magnetic field.
➢ An inductor consists of a coil of conducting wire.

‫فى حالة مرور تيار خالل الملف‬

‫يتناسب الجهد على طرفى الملف‬
‫مع معدل مرور التيار فى الملف‬

Eng.Ahmed Bonna (12) Circuits (2)

01091842306
 I V
‫التيار المار فى‬ ‫الجهد على‬
‫الملف‬ ‫طرفى الملف‬
‫يقاس ب‬ ‫يقاس ب‬
Ampere (A) Volt (V)

L
‫ثابت الحث‬
‫الذاتى‬
‫يقاس ب‬
Henry (H)

➢ The inductance of an inductor depends on its physical

dimension and construction

➢ N is the number of turns

➢ L is the length
➢ A is the cross-sectional area
➢ 𝝁 is the permeability of the core

Eng.Ahmed Bonna (13) Circuits (2)

01091842306
 ‫الجهد و التيار‬

‫𝒕‬
‫𝟏‬
‫𝟎𝒕 ‪ⅈ = න 𝒗 𝒕 ⅆ𝒕 + ⅈ‬‬
‫𝑳‬
‫𝟎𝒕‬

‫𝟎𝒕 𝒊 عبارة عن القيمة الموجودة فى الملف فى البداية‬

‫‪Power & Energy‬‬

‫𝒕‬

‫𝒕‪𝒘 = න 𝑷 𝒕 ⅆ‬‬
‫𝟎‬

‫‪Eng.Ahmed Bonna‬‬ ‫)‪(14‬‬ ‫)‪Circuits (2‬‬

‫‪01091842306‬‬
 Example 9

Example 10

Eng.Ahmed Bonna (15) Circuits (2)

01091842306
 Example 11

If a 100 mH inductor is connected to a current source with

V=0 for t > 0

V = 𝟐𝟎𝒕ⅇ−𝟏𝟎𝒕 for t < 0

Calculate the current through the inductor, the power

delivered to the inductor, the energy stored in the inductor

‫❑ بالنسبة للفترة األولى اللى عندها الزمن أقل من الصفرالجهد بيساوي صفر‬
‫فبالتالي التيار بيساوي صفر‬

‫مقالش‬
‫القيمة‬
‫فى‬
‫البداية‬
‫بكام‬
‫تكامل بالتجزيء‬ ‫فنحطها‬
‫بصفر‬
t 𝒕
𝑡 20ⅇ−10𝑡
i = 𝟏/𝟎. 𝟏( −𝟐𝒕 ⅇ−𝟏𝟎𝒕ቚ + 𝟐 න ⅇ−𝟏𝟎𝒕 ⅆ𝒕 )
0
1 -2 ⅇ−10𝑡 𝟎

‫الناتج بعد التكامل والتعويض‬

Eng.Ahmed Bonna (16) Circuits (2)

01091842306
 𝟐𝟎𝒕ⅇ−𝟏𝟎𝒕 * 𝟐 𝟏 − 𝟏𝟎𝒕ⅇ−𝟏𝟎𝒕 − ⅇ−𝟏𝟎𝒕

𝟏 𝟐
∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 − 𝟏𝟎𝒕ⅇ−𝟏𝟎𝒕 − ⅇ−𝟏𝟎𝒕
𝟐

Eng.Ahmed Bonna Circuits (2)

01091842306
 Series and Parallel Capacitors

Parallel Series

‫زى المقاومات‬

Eng.Ahmed Bonna (17) Circuits (2)

01091842306
 Example 12

Eng.Ahmed Bonna (18) Circuits (2)

01091842306
 ‫تلخيص‬

‫فى حالة‬ ‫على‬ Open Short

DC ‫ال‬ ‫وضعها‬ circuit circuit

Eng.Ahmed Bonna (19) Circuits (2)

01091842306