Black Box System

Abstract

The main purpose of this paper is to develop a prototype of the Vehicle Black Box
System VBBS that can be installed into any vehicle all over the world. This
prototype can be designed with minimun number of circuits. The 7BBS can
contribuite to constructing safer vehicles improving the treatment o criash victims
helping insurance companies with their vehicle crash investigations and enhancing
rad status in oder to decreasethe death rate

Introduction

According to the World Health Organization, more than a million people in the
world die each year because of transportation-related accidents. Now, a day’s
many accidents are happening because of the alcohol consumption of the driver or
person. Hence drunk driving is a major reason of accidents in almost all countries
all over the world. The project is developed to record informational data, such as:
speed of car temperature of engine, etc. to revolutionize the field of motor vehicle
accidents investigation. It can also use for vehicle mapping and accident alert with
the help of sensor technology. In order to react to this situation, the black box
system draws the first step to solve this problem that crosses national boundaries
and threatens the safety and health of people worldwide. As we know current
accident ratio. There are different reasons behind the accident. Considering the
practical aspects after accident we need to prepare for all insurance, Policy Claims.
There are several claus es in policies, to satisfy each and every clause we need
proper documentation. To get, that black box will help us. Black box will help you
and insurance company too in order to conclude claims
Literature Survey:

Sri Krishna Chaitanya Varma, Poornesh, TarunVarma and Harsha have

designed a working model of automatic vehicle accident detection and messaging
system using a GPS and GSM modems successfully. In this work they have used a
basic AT89C52 microcontroller for cost effective and easy understanding. The
microcontroller is interfaced to GPS and GSM module via a multiplexer, where
these devices are activated using select lines internally built in the multiplexer.
When the IR sensors sense any obstacle, they send an interrupt to microcontroller.
The GPS receives the location of the vehicle that met with an accident and gives
the information back. This information will be sent to a mobile number through a
message. This message will be received using GSM modem present in the circuit.
The message will give the information of longitude and latitude values. Using
these values the position of the vehicle can be estimated. They have used assembly
programming for better accuracy.

Rajashri R, Lokhande and Sachin P. Gawate have developed a Wireless black

box using MEMS accelerometer and GPS tracking system to monitor the accident.
The system consists of conjunctive components of an accelerometer,
microcontroller unit, GPS device and GSM module. At the time of project
installation, the registration number of vehicle, relative’s phone number and
emergency services number are fed into the source code of the system. When a car
meets with an accident the sensor will be activated automatically and start its
surveillance mode. If user is not in critical condition and can help himself then he
will stop surveillance mode within given time period else system will consider user
need assistance and start auto contacting with call center and specified person.
Immediately, the system gathers the car location using GPS device and records the
car details like car owner details, car number, car model, car speed and sends it to
call center and person’s relative. Once the call center gets the car status it finds the
nearest emergency service and contact then to reach at accident location to help the
person.

Ramchandra Patil and Shivaraj Hublikar in have presented a new vision for
the vehicles industry, which is the Black Box system and Collision Avoidance
System used for vehicles. The system consists of ARM7LPC2148, GSM Module,
Vehicle to Vehicle Collision Avoidance Unit (VVCAU) to avoid crashing between
vehicles and Black Box to record the relevant details about a vehicle. This system
also contains Alcohol Sensor, Brake Sensor, CO2sensor, Temperature sensor and
Ultrasonic sensor for pre-accident detection system. GSM module is used to send
the SMS to relative person to indicate accident has been occurred. As soon as the
driver runs the motor, this system collects the data from all the sensors and stores
in EEPROM along with date and time. The data saved can be retrieved after the
accident for privacy purposes.

BLOCK DAIGRAM
 16*2 DISPLAY
LCD

Water detect Motor

sensor
Motor driver

Arduino
Speed sensor
controller
Alarm

LDR sensor

Relay Light

Seat belt
sensor

SERVER

WI- FI ESP8266

Power supply circuit

Power supply is a reference to a source of electrical power. A device or

system that supplies electrical or other types of energy to an output load or
group of loads is called a power supply unit or PSU. In this project, a +5 V DC
regulated power supply is derived from the power supply unit designed and
implemented. The Figure shows the circuit diagram designed to get the +5 V
DC regulated power supply for the project. A full-wave rectifier is a device that
has two or more diodes arranged so that load current flows in the same direction
during each half cycle of the ac supply.

Speed Sensor

This is Speed Measuring Sensor Groove Coupler Module For Arduino. The DO
output interface can be directly connected to a micro-controller IO port if there is a
block detection sensor, such as the speed of the motor encoder can detect.
DO modules can be connected to the relay, limit switch, and other functions, it can
also with the active buzzer module, compose alarm. Widely used in motor speed
detection, pulse count, the position limit, etc.

Arduino
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet).
It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6
analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an
ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with
a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

 1.0 pinout: added SDA and SCL pins that are near to the AREF pin and two
other new pins placed near to the RESET pin, the IOREF that allow the
shields to adapt to the voltage provided from the board. In future, shields
will be compatible both with the board that use the AVR, which operate with
5V and with the Arduino Due that operate with 3.3V. The second one is a
not connected pin, that is reserved for future purposes.
 Stronger RESET circuit.

"Uno" means one in Italian and is named to mark the upcoming release of Arduino
1.0. The Uno and version 1.0 will be the reference versions of Arduino, moving
forward. The Uno is the latest in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference
model for the Arduino platform; for a comparison with previous versions, see
the index of Arduino boards

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range of applications. A

16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various
devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments and other
multi segment LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are economical; easily
programmable; have no limitation of displaying special & even custom characters
(unlike in seven segments), animations and so on.
A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines.
In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two
registers, namely, Command and Data.

LDR

The LDR Sensor Module is used to detect the presence of light / measuring the
intensity of light. The output of the module goes high in the presence of light and it
becomes low in the absence of light. The sensitivity of the signal detection can be
adjusted using a potentiometer.

MOTOR DRIVER

The L293D is a dual channel motor driver IC capable of driving dual DC motors
with bidirectional control and a single stepper motor. The L293D devices are
quadruple high current half-H drivers. The L293D is designed to provide
bidirectional drive currents of up to 600-mA at voltages from 4.5 V to 36 V. This
IC is also designed to drive inductive loads such as relays, solenoids, DC and
bipolar stepping motors also. The L293D is most often used to drive motors but
because of its totem pole output driver it can be used to drive solenoids, four uni-
directional DC motors, two bi-directional DC motors or one stepper motor. For
further information on this IC, you can check the datasheet of L293D IC. Follow
the links to learn more about Motor driver ICs and L293D.

MOTOR

A gear motor is a motor designed with an integrated gearbox. Gear motors function
as torque multipliers and speed reducers thus requiring less power to move a
given load. The design of the gearbox structure, type of gears, lubrication and type
of coupling affects its performance.
The concept of the gear motor is inspired by the patent of the German designer and
entrepreneur Albert Obermoser, who in 1928 invented the so-called
Vorlegemotor (gear motor). Since then, the basic model has been progressively
improved and new models of gear motors have been created.
Advantages

 No need of regular maintainers

 Easy to analyze the problems
 Monitor data by word wide

Application

 Private vehicle
 Government vehicle
 Train
 Plane
REFERENCE

1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:

2395-0056, p-ISSN: 2395-0072, Volume: 03, issue: 03, March 2016.

2. R.M. Brach and R.M. Brach, Vehicle Accident Analysis and Reconstruction,
SAE International, Warrendale, PA, 2005.

3. Standard for Motor Vehicle Event Data Recorders (MVEDRs), IEEE Std 1616-
2004, IEEE Vehicular Technology Society, Motor Vehicle Event Data Recorder
(MVEDR) Committee, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., New
York, NY, February 10, 2005.

4. “Paul Black and Dylan Wiliam” Inside The black box

5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_box

6. Soundarraj.V, Rajasekar.L, Design of Car Black Box Based on ARM,

International Journal of Microsystems Technology and Its Applications (IJMTA)
Vol-1, No-2 January 2013

7. Fleischer, Paul Benjamin, Nelson, Atso Yao, Sowah, Robert Adjetey; Bremang,
Appah Design and Development of GPS/GSM Based Vehicle Tracking and Alert
System for commercial Inter-City Buses.

8. P. Ajay Kumar Reddy , P.Dileep Kumar , K. Bhaskar reddy, E.Venkataramana ,

M.Chandrasekhar Reddy, BLACK BOX FOR VEHICLES, International Journal of
Engineering Inventions ISSN: 2278-7461, www.ijeijournal.com Volume 1, Issue
7(October2012) PP: 06-12