TOPIC 1: Introduction and History of Script

Computer Application for Engineering

(Intro)
PPT:
https://www.canva.com/design/DAF- Good day, everyone! I’m Marielle
ME2rFT4/IhzlvfkdcLHEdrwg89KbNA/edit? Villanueva together with Mr. Villacuz with
utm_content=DAF- our presentation regarding the first topic:
ME2rFT4&utm_campaign=designshare&u Introduction and History of Computer
tm_medium=link2&utm_source=sharebu Application for Engineering.
tton
So before we delve into the discussion,
Infos let me show you the topic outline of our
1. Introduction (Yel) presentation. First, we will have the
o Definition of Computer introduction, of course, to define our
Applications main subject. Then, next is to discuss the
o Importance of Computer history of computer applications and
Applications in Engineering lastly, the types of computer applications
in engineering.

2. History of Computer Applications Now, let me officially start our discussion

(Gelho) by defining Computer Applications. In
o Early Use of Computers in simpler terms, computer applications for
Engineering engineering are specialized software
o Evolution of Computer tools that engineers use to design,
Applications in Engineering analyze, build, and manage projects.
These tools leverage the functionality of
Reference that might help: computers to perform complex tasks
https://technicalfoamservi more efficiently and accurately than
ces.co.uk/blog/blog-history-of- traditional methods. So, these computer
cad-cam/ applications can range from simple
https://partsolutions.com/ calculators to complex simulation and
60-years-of-cad- building software.
infographic-the-history-of-
cad-since-1957/ A great example for this for us to further
understand is the famous AutoCAD,
which was developed by the company
3. Types of Computer Applications in Autodesk that allowed us to draw and
Engineering (Yel) edit digital 2D and 3D designs. If you still
o CAD (Computer-Aided remember back in our first year, we used
Design) this application to draft parts of
o CAE (Computer-Aided machines and different isometric
Engineering) exercises. Imagine the time and effort we
o CAM (Computer-Aided saved from drafting it traditionally
Manufacturing) compared when AutoCAD was finally
introduced to us.

From here, I can say that we have

already experienced one of the several
impacts and importance of computer Computer Applications for Engineering
applications. As the softwares and its evolution
developed through the years, engineers
can now explore more innovative and (History)
complex designs, optimize performance,
and validate designs virtually. This has Good day to everyone, I’m Jose
reduced the reliance on physical Angelito S. Villacruz, and before I present
prototypes, minimizing costs and the evolutions of applications mentioned
accelerating time-to-market. By earlier, I’ll present first to the class the
automating repetitive tasks, such as History of Computer Applications. On my
generating drawings, performing discussion, we’ll include the early use of
simulations, and creating reports, computers in engineering & the timeline
engineers can focus more on critical or evolution of computer applications in
design aspects, problem-solving, and engineering. So at the early use of
innovation. This has resulted in increased computers in engineering, we have early
productivity and improved design electronic computers like ENIAC and
quality. UNIVAC. ENIAC was not mainly used
primarily for engineering but it was still
Since the creation of computer used to calculate artillery firing tables.
programs that can be used in the Basically, we’re talking about
industry of engineering, less paper is calculating numbers here so that was
needed in order to create and design a the early use of computers when it
product.As mentioned, This results in an comes to engineering.
increase of productivity and efficiency
for engineers to innovate. These Next one after the ENIAC, we have here
programs also ensure the accuracy of the UNIVAC. UNIVAC has a more
their work with less steps engineers need efficient way of processing millions of
to perform. However, utilizing computer pieces of data. And also, it was among
applications also comes with risks. One the first “stored program” computers,
worth mentioning is the possible waste of using magnetic tape, rather than punch
product by using the CAM (computer cards, to collect and manage data. Up
aided manufacturing). A good example to one million characters could be stored
of this is when you 3D print a product and and accessed on magnetic tape. So in
your printer malfunctioned midway UNIVAC, an operator did not have to
through the process. This may result in load data into the machine every time
waste of filaments or even permanently he or she wished to perform a
damaging the 3D printer. Additionally, calculation. So that’s the early use of
security is one of the concerns we should computer on engineering and it gives
account for and using a computer way to more computer applications that
program means that it could be hacked we’ll tackle for the next slide.
anytime. It means that to protect the
data in the programs, there is the need What is the Electronic Numerical
to spend big amounts to create a system Integrator And Computer (ENIAC)? -
with advanced security. Definition from Techopedia

UNIVAC - Engineering and Technology

Now, let me pass the stage to Mr. History Wiki (ethw.org)
Villacruz to discuss the beginning of
Now, for the other computers used for 2. PRONTO - PRONTO was the first
early engineering, we have here first the commercial, numerical-control
IBM 701. It was designed primarily for programming system. It sparked
scientific works and research but it everything that is CAD.
became famous when used for 3. Sketchpad - Sketchpad was one
aerodynamics calculations. Next one is of the first design systems to use a
the IBM 7090, which was designed for graphic user interface. Using a
"large-scale scientific and technological light pen on a CRT display, users
applications". could constrain properties in a
Last one is the IBM 704, wherein It was drawing. Sketchpad also created
the first mass-produced computer with the use of “objects” and
hardware for floating-point arithmetic. It “instances.”
was designed was designed to solve 4. DAC - An early graphic CAD
complex problems in large-scale system
settings, including science, business, 5. CADAM - CADAM introduced
government, and industry. CAD to aerospace design.
6. CADD - this drafting was used for
Definition of IBM 701 | PCMag parts layouts and geometry work.
7. Product Design Graphic System -
A Brief Journey inside the IBM 704 - Use of CAD graphic design to
Archival History of Computing at MIT design new products.
8. ADAM - this was written in Fortran
and designed to work on virtually
Now, let’s move on about the evolution all mainframe computers.
of computer applications that we’re 9. CATIA - a multi-platform CAD
used at early years and to show you the software still in use today,
history of CAD that evolves to what we introduced engineers to 3D
know at present days. So yung CAD kasi modeling.
kumbaga parallel yung evolution niya sa 10. Autodesk/AutoCAD - was the first
mga computers pero along the way, CAD software made for PCs
maraming innovations and iterations na instead of mainframe computers.
naganap. 11. AutoCAD 3D - Autodesk started
offering 3D modeling systems.
First, draftsmen started at pencil and 12. SolidWorks & Solid Edge - allowed
paper in which it was the primary way to more engineers than ever to take
create designs. So we have here the; advantage of 3D CAD
technology.
13. AutoCAD 360 - a mobile version
1. Blueprint - Alphonse-Louis of Autodesk’ CAD system.
Poitevin invented the first 14. A360 - this moved CAD to cloud
blueprints using iron ferro-gallate system allowing engineers to work
and light. His process let designers together on the same design.
make copies of architectural 15. CAD-to-AR for Inventor app -
drawings, reducing the chance of allows user to view Inventor
losing information or making errors modes in augmented reality.
when transferring designs
between team members.
(Types) design iterations using virtual prototypes
(sometimes called “digital twins”) prior to
Engineers and draftsmen use building physical prototypes. This saves
computer-aided design software to companies significant time and money
create illustrations or 3D models. It refers in product development while often
to using software to design certain yielding higher quality designs that meet
objects and items in a virtual multi-disciplinary and multi-functional
environment before manufacturing requirements.
them. While most engineers should be
proficient with CAD, the amount of time References
they spend using it may depend on their
specific role and level of experience.For What Is the Difference Between CAD,
example, in some environments, CAE and CAM?
designers may be responsible for https://online.egr.msu.edu/articles/cad-
creating the initial design in a CAD vs-cae-vs-cam-what-is-the-difference/
program, while analysis and release
engineers will review and analyze it to The Evolution of CAD and CAE Software
make sure there are no errors. in Engineering
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/evoluti
On the other hand, Computer- on-cad-cae-software-engineering-
Aided Manufacturing refers to the eleation/
process where the software converts a
CAD model into a language that a The Benefits of Computer-Aided Design
manufacturing machine can and Computer-Aided Manufacturing
understand. Once that’s done, the https://usccg.com/blog/the-benefits-of-
machine starts to manufacture the computer-aided-design-and-computer-
designed models with incredible aided-manufacturing/
accuracy. Because CAM is so
intertwined with CAD, some software
companies produce both types of
applications. SolidWorks, for example,
offers a full-suite of tools for CAD, CAM
and other engineering processes.
Similarly, companies like AutoDesk offer
combined CAD and CAM tools.

Computer-aided engineering
refers to the use of software to simulate
the effects of different conditions on the
design of a product or structure using
simulated loads and constraints. CAE
tools are often used to analyze and
optimize the designs created within CAD
software. Major categories of CAE tools
include finite element analysis (FEA),
computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and
multi-disciplinary design optimization
(MDO). These tools are used to perform
Topic 2: Discuss the Different Application I. DESIGN – designing is the creation of a
of Computer in Mechanical Engineering, plan for the construction of an object or
Include Advantage and Disadvantage. system (example in blueprints, circuit
diagrams, and sewing patterns.) Today’s
life has changes where mechanical
INTRODUCTION: Computer applications engineers use programs like AUTOCAD,
have become an integral part of various 3D PRINTING, AND SOLIDWORKS.
engineering disciplines, and mechanical
engineering is no exception. The
integration of computer technology in APPLICATIONS IN DESIGN.
mechanical engineering has
1. Computer-Aided Design (CAD):
revolutionized the way engineers design,
Computer-Aided Drafting (CAD) is a
analyze, and optimize mechanical
technology that utilizes computer
systems. This marriage of traditional
systems to assist in the creation,
mechanical principles with advanced
modification, analysis, and optimization
computing capabilities has significantly
of design and drafting in various
enhanced the efficiency and
industries, including mechanical
effectiveness of engineering processes.
engineering, architecture, and
Computer applications have brought electronics. CAD software replaces
about transformative changes in traditional manual drafting methods,
mechanical engineering, offering offering a more efficient and precise
numerous advantages in design, approach to creating technical
analysis, and automation. However, drawings and designs
careful consideration of associated
costs, potential disadvantages, and the
need for continuous skill development is o Advantages:
essential to maximize the benefits of
integrating computer technology in a) Precision and Accuracy: CAD
mechanical engineering practices. software allows engineers to create
highly detailed and accurate 2D and 3D
models of mechanical components. This
precision reduces errors in design and
APPLICATIONS:
manufacturing.
1. DESIGN
b) Visualization: Engineers can visualize
2. SIMULATION and manipulate the design in a

3. TESTING virtual environment, gaining insights into

the form, fit, and function of the product
4. AUTOMATION
before physical prototypes are
5. COMPUTATION produced.

c) Efficiency: CAD tools significantly

speed up the design process, enabling
engineers to explore multiple design for small-batch production of custom or
iterations and make quick changes. low-volume parts.

o Disadvantages: o Disadvantages:

a) Learning Curve: CAD software often a) Material Limitations: Limited material

has a steep learning curve, requiring time options compared to traditional
and training for engineers to become manufacturing methods.
proficient.
b) Speed: Production speed may be
b) Cost: High-quality CAD software can slower for large quantities compared to
be expensive, and the initial investment traditional manufacturing.
includes both software licenses and
Example: Printing a prototype of a
hardware upgrades.
mechanical component to test its form
Example: AutoCAD, SolidWorks, CATIA. and function before mass production.

2. 3D Printing: also known as additive 3. SolidWorks (Computer-Aided Design

manufacturing, has emerged as a Software):
transformative technology in the field of
mechanical engineering. It involves
creating three-dimensional objects layer o Advantages:
by layer based on digital models. This
technology offers several advantages a) Parametric Modeling: SolidWorks uses
along with some challenges when parametric modeling, allowing
applied in the context of mechanical engineers to easily make changes to
engineering. designs and explore various iterations.

b) Assembly Simulation: It enables the

simulation of the assembly process,
o Advantages: ensuring that components fit together as
intended.
a) Rapid Prototyping: 3D printing allows
for the rapid production of prototypes, c) Integration with Other Tools:
enabling engineers to test and iterate SolidWorks integrates with various
designs quickly. analysis tools, such as FEA, aiding in
comprehensive design validation.
b) Complex Geometries: It can create
complex and intricate geometries that
may be challenging or impossible with
traditional manufacturing methods. o Disadvantages:

c) Cost-Effective Small-Batch a) Resource Intensive: SolidWorks can be

Production: 3D printing is cost-effective resource-intensive, requiring powerful
hardware for large and complex
assemblies.
b) Cost: Similar to other CAD software, accessible to engineers with varying
SolidWorks can be costly, especially for levels of simulation expertise.
additional modules and licenses.
c) Meshing and Solving Efficiency:
Example: Designing and simulating the SolidWorks Simulation incorporates
assembly of a complex mechanical advanced meshing algorithms that
system in SolidWorks. automatically generate high-quality
meshes. The solver engine is efficient in
handling complex simulations.
II. SIMULATION – this is the program for
imitation of operation of real-world
process on system in mechanical o Disadvantages:
engineering, it may be part over time. For
a) Limited Nonlinear Analysis
example, we simulate the model
Capabilities: While SolidWorks Simulation
part/sparer developed from the old one
offers nonlinear analysis capabilities, it
and determining for how long it will work
may not be as extensive as specialized
out. Mechanical engineers use programs
nonlinear analysis tools. Complex
like SOLIDWORKS and MATLAB.
nonlinear phenomena may require
additional software or more advanced
simulation tools.
APPLICATIONS IN SIMULATION.
b) Limitations in Some Dynamic Analyses:
1. SolidWorks: SolidWorks is a widely used
SolidWorks Simulation may have
computer-aided design (CAD) and
limitations in certain dynamic analyses,
computer-aided engineering (CAE)
such as those involving highly nonlinear
software in the field of mechanical
behaviors or very high-frequency
engineering. Developed by Dassault
vibrations.
Systèmes, SolidWorks provides powerful
tools for 3D modeling, simulation, and 2. MATRIX LABORATORY: MATLAB is a
documentation. widely used programming language
and environment for numerical
computing, data analysis, and
o Advantages: simulation. It is frequently employed in
various engineering fields, including
a) Integration with SolidWorks Modeling: simulation tasks.
SolidWorks Simulation is seamlessly
integrated with the SolidWorks 3D
modeling environment. This integration
o Advantages:
allows for direct transfer of geometry and
design parameters from the modeling a) High-Level Language: MATLAB is a
stage to the simulation stage, high-level programming languagethat
streamlining the workflow. allows engineers to express complex
mathematical operations and
b) User-Friendly Interface: SolidWorks
simulations in a concise and readable
Simulation maintains the user friendly
manner.
interface of SolidWorks, making it
b) Interactive Environment: MATLAB APPLICATIONS IN TESTING &
provides an interactive environment with COMPUTATION
a command-line interface and a
1. CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering:
graphical user interface (GUI). This
Computer aided engineering (CAE)
facilitates real-time exploration and
involves the use of computer software to
manipulation of data and simulation
improve product design and resolve
parameters.
engineering problems for a wide range
c) Extensive Toolbox Support: MATLAB of industries. This can include simulation,
offers a rich set of toolboxes for various optimisation and validation of products
applications, including Simulink for and processes, covering the entire
dynamic system simulation, Simscape for engineering process from design to
physical modeling, and other specialized testing and the planning of
toolboxes for signal processing, control manufacturing (known as computer
systems, and more. aided manufacturing (CAM)).

o Disadvantages: a. FEA - Finite element analysis (FEA) is the

process of simulating the behaviour of a
a) Cost of Licensing: MATLAB is a
part or assembly under given conditions
commercial software, and obtaining a
so that it can be assessed using the finite
license can be relatively expensive,
element method (FEM). FEA is used by
especially for access to specific
engineers to help simulate physical
toolboxes or features.
phenomena and thereby reduce the
b) Performance for Large Datasets: need for physical prototypes, while
MATLAB may face performance allowing for the optimisation of
challenges when handling large components as part of the design
datasets or executing simulations with process of a project.
extensive computations.

i. Finite element analysis (FEA) refers to

III. TESTING - a process of executing a the process of using mathematical
system with the intent of finding errors. It calculations, models, and simulations to
may involve any aimed at evaluating an understand, analyze, and predict the
attribute or capacity of a program or behavior of an object, part, assembly, or
system structure under various physical
conditions.
COMPUTATION - a tool that helps you
perform complex calculations, analysis,
and visualization of your data and
o Advantages:
models.
➢ General use — this is a numerical
method used for solving problems in
mechanics of deformable bodies, fluid
mechanics, heat transfer, or
biomechanics. The loading case can be ➢ • The method is approximate — the
static, dynamic, nonlinear, analysis is not performed on a real
time dependent. structure, but on a model of it. All the
results (such as stresses, strains, or
displacements) are approximated and
➢ Litheness — to solve a problem, the the user cannot precisely estimate the
user is free to elaborate the calculus difference between the obtained results
model to meet his requirements. After this and the real ones.
elaboration, often it is very simple to
modify it, the goal being to get an
enhanced variant of the initial model. ➢ The calculus model is subjective and
arbitrary — the user is free to elaborate
the model without restrictions, but
➢ Simplicity of the basic concepts — The cannot be sure about the correctness of
method doesn’t require the user to the model, or about the efficiency of the
possess good knowledge of analysis that uses it. Sometimes, it is a
mathematics, just an engineering good practice to validate the results by
background. The basic concepts, experiments on real structures.
presented above, are easy to
understand for correct use.
➢ The FEA programs are complex and
costly — the available FEM programs are
➢ Existence of FEM computer programs very complex, with many options and
— FEA requires a huge amount of capabilities.
numerical calculations, almost
impossible to perform manually. For this
reason, many CAD-CAE systems include IV.AUTOMATION
procedures for FEM calculations. Also, (https://www.simplilearn.com/advantag
there are excellent FEM specialized es-and-disadvantages-of-
programs available. automation article)

Automation is the employment of

computer software, machines or other
➢ Pre- and post processing facilities —
technology to execute tasks otherwise
The computer programs reduce time completed by people.
and effort, thus enabling automatic
meshing and verification of the model.
The results obtained from the FEM can be
APPLICATIONS IN AUTOMATION
presented as images, tables, listings,
drawings, diagrams, or animations.

1. CAM Software - CAM stands for

computer-aided manufacturing.
o Disadvantages:
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
software helps people create programs
for various CNC machines to support 2. IoT and Sensors - IoT sensors are pieces
different manufacturing processes. of hardware that detect changes in an
These include milling, turning, turn-mill, environment and collect data. They’re
cutting, probing, part inspection, the pieces of an IoT ecosystem that
additive manufacturing, and more. bridge the digital

world to the physical world. IoT sensors

may detect things like temperature,
a. Advantages of CAM
pressure, and motion, and if they are
i. Manufacturing requires little supervision connected to a network, they share
and can be completed during off-hours. data with the network.

ii. Manufacturing is less labor-intensive • The pros of IoT include easy access,
and saves money on labor. smart cities, increased productivity, ease
of communication, and money-saving.
iii. Machines are precise, and large
batches of manufacturing can be • The cons of IoT include complexity,
repeated repeatedly. compatibility, privacy concerns, lesser
employment, and technology addiction
iv. Error occurrence is low, and machines
can run indefinitely.

v. Prototype models can be quickly

created for detailed inspection before
finalizing designs for manufacture.

vi. On the screen, virtual machining can

evaluate machining routines and
outcomes.

b. Disadvantages of CAM

i. It necessitates a significant initial

investment and start-up cost.

ii. Machine maintenance is also

expensive.

iii. A workforce with high-level manual

skills may be lost.

iv. To ensure proper tooling and setup

procedures, highly trained operatives
and technicians are required.