Section A [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section

1 The figure shows various equipotential lines in the form of concentric circles with
centre O. Which of the directions A, B, C or D is the direction of the electric field at the point
P?

2 What is the potential difference required to accelerate an electron in vacuum from rest
to a velocity of 5.0 × 106 m s-1?
A 14 V B 71 V C 142 V D 712 V

3 A 2.0 F capacitor is charged to 200 V and then it is isolated. When an uncharged

second capacitor is connected with the first capacitor, the final potential difference become
40 V. The capacitance of the second capacitor is
A 2.0 F B 4.0 F C 6.0 F D 8.0 F

4 A capacitor is charged through a resistor of resistance 2.0 M. The diagram below
shows the variation of the current, I flows in the charging circuit with time, t. What is the
capacitance of the capacitor?

A 2.5 F B 5.0 F C 7.5 F D 10.0 F

5 A potential difference, V is applied across a wire with length, l which has conductivity,
. What is the current density of the wire?
𝜎𝑙 𝑉𝑙 𝜎𝑉 𝑉
A B C D
𝑉 𝜎 𝑙 𝜎𝑙

6 The resistivity of copper increases when temperature increases because

A the mean time between collisions between free electrons decreases
B the number of free electrons per unit volume decreases
C the drift velocity of the free electrons increases
D the acceleration of the free electrons increases

7 Five resistors are connected as shown in the diagram below. What is the equivalent
resistance between the point P and Q?

A 0.5  B 1.0  C 2.0  D 5.0 

8 A circuit consisting of two batteries connected in series with three resistors is shown in
the diagram below.

What is the potential difference between point A and point B?

A 2.5 V B 3.0 V C 3.5 V D 4.0 V

9 A milliammeter with negligible internal resistance and a full scale deflection of

1.0 mA. If the milliammeter is used to measure a maximum voltage of 10.0 V, a resistor of
resistance
A 102  is connected in parallel to the milliammeter
B 103  is connected in parallel to the milliammeter
C 104  is connected in series to the milliammeter
D 105  is connected in series to the milliammeter

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10 Which graph shows the variation of magnetic field, B at the centre of a circular coil
with its radius, r?

11 A semiconductor carries current, I in a uniform magnetic field, B.

Which of the sides T, P and L affects the magnitude of Hall voltage produced?
A T and L B P and L C T and P D T, P and L

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12 An elastic metal loop which has a diameter of 0.10 m and is placed in a uniform
magnetic field is shown in the diagram below.

The magnetic flux density of 1.2 T passes perpendicularly through the plane of the loop. The
loop suddenly pulls in the direction of P and Q until the area becomes zero in 0.20 s. What is
the induced e.m.f. in the loop?
A 0.6 mV B 15 mV C 47 mV D 60 mV

13 Which situation will cause the production of back e.m.f. by self-induction?

A Magnetic flux linkage through the secondary coil of transformer.
B Rotation of rubber belt in Van de Graaff generator.
C A solenoid is switched on and off.
D A conductor moves in a uniform magnetic field.

14 A resistor, R is connected to an alternating current source with peak voltage, Vo. What
is the mean power dissipated through the resistor?
2
𝑉𝑜 2 𝑉𝑜 2 𝑉𝑜 2 √2𝑉𝑜
A B C D
𝑅 2𝑅 √2𝑅 𝑅

15 A pure resistor 1000  and a pure capacitor are connected in series with a sinusoidal
voltage supply of frequency 50 Hz. If the phase difference between the voltage supplied and
the current is 30o, what is the capacitance of the capacitor?
A 1.8 F B 3.7 F C 4.2 F D 5.5 F

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 Section B [15 marks]
Answer all questions in this section
Write the answers in the spaces provided.

16 Three point charges are placed at the corner of a square dimension as shown in the
diagram below.

𝑄1 𝑄3

𝑄2 𝐴

The charges Q1, Q2 and Q3 are –1.0 F, +2.0 F and +2.0 F respectively. The distance between
the charges is 2.0 cm.

(a) State electric field strength and electric potential at a point in an electric field.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]
(b) Determine the magnitude and direction of the net electric field strength at point A.

[4 marks]
(c) Find the electric potential at point A.

[2 marks]
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17(a) Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor in terms of the
area A, the separation distance d, the permittivity of free space o and the relative
permittivity r of the material filling up the gap between the plates.
[4 marks]

(b) Describe the changes in electrostatic quantities of a parallel plate capacitor when a
dielectric material is inserted between the plates. [3 marks]

……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..

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 Section C [30 marks]
Answer any two questions in this section.

18 (a) In the UK, the National Grid is used to transmit electric power. Each pylon supports 24
cables as shown in Figure 18.1. Each cable consists of 38 strands of aluminium as shown in
Figure 18.2.

Figure 18.1 Figure 18.2

The resistance per km of a cable is 0.052 Ω km–1.
(i) Explain why the resistance per km of a single strand is approximately
2.0 Ω km-1. [2 marks]
(ii) The resistivity of aluminium is 2.6 x 10–8 Ω m. Calculate the cross-sectional
area A of a single strand of the cable. [2 marks]

(b) The input voltage to each cable in Figure 18.1 is 400 kV. The cable carries a current
of 440 A.
Calculate
(i) the input power to one cable, [2 marks]
(ii) the power lost as heat per km of cable. [2 marks]

(c) The wires connecting the 36 W lamp to the 12 V battery are made of copper. They
have a cross-sectional area of 1.1 x 10-7 m2. The current in the wire is 3.0 A. The
number n of free electrons per m3 for copper is 8.0 x 1028 m-3.
(i) Describe what is meant by the term mean drift velocity of the electrons in the
wire, [2 marks]
(ii) Calculate the mean drift velocity v of the electrons in this wire. [2 marks]

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(d) A 12 V car battery contains an electrolyte. The battery is connected to an electric
motor M. There is a current in the motor and the battery as shown in Figure 18.3.

Figure 18.3
State

(i) the charge carriers moving through the wires to the positive terminal of the
battery. [1 mark]
(ii) When used to start the engine of the car, the electric motor draws 40 A from the
battery of e.m.f. 12 V. The potential difference across the motor at this time is
only 8.0 V.
Explain why the potential difference across the motor at this time is not the same
as the e.m.f. of the car battery. [2 marks]

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19 (a) An electrical component C has an I-V characteristic as shown in figure below.

(i) Calculate the resistance of component C when a potential difference of 6.0 V is

applied across it. [2 marks]

(ii) Deduce the minimum value of the resistance of component C over the range
0 – 10 V. [2 marks]

(b) Component C is then connected into a circuit with a supply of internal resistance
0.80 Ω and a resistor of constant resistance 5.0 Ω, as shown in figure below.

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The current through the 5.0 Ω resistor is found to be 0.85 A. Calculate

(i) the potential difference across component C, [2 marks]

(ii) the total current from the supply, [2 marks]

(iii) the e.m.f. of the supply, [2 marks]

(iv) the energy supplied to component C in 20 minutes. [2 marks]

(v) the total current from the supply when internal resistance of the supply increased
to 0.9 Ω and current flow through component C dropped to 1.2 A?
[3 marks]

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20 Figure below shows a beam of electrons entering a magnetic field of magnetic flux density
8.4 mT. The electrons are travelling with velocity 3.4 × 107 m s-1 at right angles to the
field.

Calculate, for the electrons in the field, the magnitude of

(a) the force on an individual electron, [2 marks]

(b) the acceleration of the electron. [2 mark]

(c) Calculate the radius of the path of the electrons within the magnetic field.
[2 marks]

(d) Sketch the path travelled within and beyond the field. [2 marks]

(e) Charged particles from the Sun, on approaching the Earth, may become trapped in the
Earth’s magnetic field near the poles, as shown in the figure below. This can cause the sky
to glow. The phenomenon is called the aurora borealis.

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Some of the charged particles travel in a circle of radius 50 km in a region where the
magnetic flux density is 6.0 × 10-15 T.
𝑒
(i) For a charged particle of charge to mass ratio 𝑚 , deduce an expression for its speed

v when travelling in a circle of radius r within a magnetic field of flux density B.

[2 marks]

(ii) Use your answer to (i) and the information about the path of the particles to show
that the charged particles causing the aurora cannot be electrons. [2 marks]

(iii) Suggest a particle that could cause the aurora and, for your suggested particle,
calculate its speed as it travels in a circle. [3 marks]

- END OF QUESTION PAPER -

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 Values of Constants
(Nilai Pemalar)

Acceleration of free fall (Pecutan jatuh bebas) g = 9.81 m s-2

Avogadro constant (Pemalar Avogadro) NA = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1
Boltzmann constant (Pemalar Boltzmann) k, kB = 1.38 x 10-23 J K-1
Gravitational constant (Pemalar graviti) G = 6.67 x 10-11 N m2 kg-2
Magnitude of electronic charge (Magnitud cas elektron) e = 1.60 x 10-19 C
Mass of the Earth (Jisim Bumi) ME = 5.97 x 1024 kg
Mass of the Sun (Jisim Matahari) MS = 1.99 x 1030 kg
Molar gas constant (Pemalar gas molar) R = 8.31 J K-1 mol-1
Permeability of free space (Ketelapan ruang bebas) μo = 4π x 10-7 H m-1
Permittivity of free space (Ketelusan ruang bebas) εo = 8.85 x 10-12 F m-1
1
≈ x 10-9 F m-1
36𝜋

Planck constant (Pemalar Planck) h = 6.63 x 10-34 J s

Radius of the Earth (Jejari Bumi) RE = 6.38 x 106 m
Radius of the Sun (Jejari Matahari) RS = 6.96 x 108 m
Rest mass of electron (Jisim rehat electron) me = 9.11 x 10-31 kg
Rest mass of proton (Jisim rehat proton) mp = 1.67 x 10-27 kg
Speed of light in free space (Laju cahaya dalam ruang bebas) c = 3.00 x 108 m s-1
Stefan-Boltzmann constant (Pemalar Stefan-Boltzman) σ = 5.67 x 10-8 W m-2 K-4
Unified atomic mass unit (Unit jisim atom bersatu) u = 1.66 x 10-27 kg

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