EVENTS, UNION

AND INTERSECTION
OF EVENTS
ACTIVITY 6.1: MATCHY MATCHY
Arrange the word/s to identify what is being described.
1. A chance process that leads to a
well-defined result Sample space

2. The result of a single experiment Event

3. An element of the possible
outcomes of an experiment Sample point

4. A set of all possible outcomes of Outcome

an experiment
Experiment
5. Particular collection of outcomes
BASIC CONCEPTS and EXAMPLES
Experiment Tossing a coin Tossing 2 coins
Outcome -getting a head -getting 2 heads
-getting a tail -getting a head and a tail
-getting a tail and a head
-getting 2 tails
Sample point head, tail HH, HT, TH, TT
Sample space {head, tail} {HH, HT, TH, TT}
Event event of getting -event of getting both head by
a head by tossing two coins
tossing a coin -event of getting at least one
head
TYPES OF EVENTS
1. Certain Event – It is an event that is sure to occur.
• getting a number from 1 to 6 by rolling a 6-sided die
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, E = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
• getting a card by drawing from a deck of cards
S= { 52 cards}, E = {52 cards}
2. Impossible Event – It is an event that cannot occur.
• getting a head by rolling a fair die
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, E = {head}
• getting a heart card by drawing from 13 spade cards
S = {13 spade cards}, E = {heart card}
TYPES OF EVENTS
3. Simple Event – It has only one sample point of a sample
space.
• getting a head by tossing a coin
S = {head, tail}, E = {head}
• getting 2 by rolling a 6-sided die
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, E = {2}
4. Compound Event – It has more than one sample point of a
sample space
• getting an even number by rolling a fair die
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, E = {2, 4, 6}
• getting an ace card by drawing from a deck of cards
S = {52 cards}, E = {4 aces}
TYPES OF EVENTS WITH 2 OR MORE EVENTS INVOLVED
5. Independent Events – These are events that do not affect or
influence any other event.
• getting a head by tossing a coin and getting a head in
tossing the coin again
S1 = {head, tail}, E1 = {head},
S2 = {head, tail}, E2 = {head}
6. Dependent Events – These are events that affect or
influence other events.
• getting a yellow ball by drawing a box with red, yellow,
blue balls and then a red ball without replacement
S1 = {red, yellow, blue}, E1 = {yellow ball},
S2 = {red, blue}, E2 = {red ball}
TYPES OF EVENTS WITH 2 OR MORE EVENTS INVOLVED
7. Complementary Events– These are events that cannot occur
at the same time.
• getting a head and a tail at once by tossing a coin
S = {head, tail}, E1 = {head} and E2 = {tail}
• getting all the numbers of a die at once in rolling a die
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, E1 = {2} or E2 = {1, 3, 4, 5, 6}
8. Mutually Exclusive Events – These events don’t have
common sample point from the sample space.
• getting a number less than 3 and getting a number
greater than 4 by rolling a die
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, E1 = {1, 2}, E2 = {5, 6}
ACTIVITY 6.2: LET’S TRY IT TOGETHER
Write the sample space and the outcome of each event. Then
identify what type of event/s is/are given.
1. E = getting a number less than 4 by rolling a die
2. E = getting a king by drawing from 13 clover cards
3. E = selecting a girl student by an all-boys school
4. E1 = getting a prime number from 1 – 15, and
E2 = getting a number divisible by 3 without replacement
5. E1 = getting a head by tossing a coin, and
E2 = getting composite numbers from 1-10
6. E1 = getting an odd number from 1-10, and
E2 = getting an even number from 1-10
ACTIVITY 6.2: LET’S TRY IT TOGETHER
Write the sample space and the outcome of each event. Then
identify what type of event/s is/are given.
1. E = getting a number less than 4 by rolling a die
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} E = {1, 2, 3} Compound event
2. E = getting a king by drawing from 13 clover cards
S = {A, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, J, Q, K} E = {K} Simple event
3. E = selecting a girl student by an all boys school
S = {boy students} E = { } or ∅ Impossible event
ACTIVITY 6.2: LET’S TRY IT TOGETHER
Write the sample space and the outcome of each event. Then
identify what type of event/s is/are given.
4. E1 = getting a prime number from 1 – 15, and
E2 = getting a number divisible by 3 without replacement
S1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15}
E1 = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13}
S2 = {1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15}
E2 = {6, 9, 12, 15}
Dependent events
ACTIVITY 6.2: LET’S TRY IT TOGETHER
Write the sample space and the outcome of each event. Then
identify what type of event/s is/are given.
5. E1 = getting a head by tossing a coin, and
E2 = getting a composite number from 1-10
S1 = {head, tail}
E1 = {head}

S2 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
E2 = {4, 6, 8, 9, 10}
Independent events
ACTIVITY 6.2: LET’S TRY IT TOGETHER
Write the sample space and the outcome of each event. Then
identify what type of event/s is/are given.
6. E1 = getting an odd number from 1-10, and
E2 = getting an even number from 1-10
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
E1 = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
E2 = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
Mutually exclusive events
EVALUATION 6.1: LET’S TRY IT INDIVIDUALLY
For each of the given experiment, list and count the outcomes
of the events corresponding to each description.
1. Three coins are tossed
a. Event A: all come up heads
b. Event B: two heads and one tail
2. Tossing a coin and rolling a die
a. Event A: a head and a prime number
b. Event B: a tail and a number divisible by 3
3. One card is drawn from a standard deck of 52 cards
a. Event A: a red card
b. Event B: a face card
EVALUATION 6.1: LET’S TRY IT INDIVIDUALLY
For each of the given experiment, list and count the outcomes
of the events corresponding to each description.
1. Three coins are tossed
a. Event A: all come up heads
S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}
A = {HHH} 1 outcome
b. Event B: two heads and one tail
S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}
B = {HHT, HTH, THH} 3 outcomes
EVALUATION 6.1: LET’S TRY IT INDIVIDUALLY
For each of the given experiment, list and count the outcomes
of the events corresponding to each description.
2. Tossing a coin and rolling a die
a. Event A: a head and a prime number
S = {H1,H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6}
A = {H2, H3, H5} 3 outcomes
b. Event B: a tail and a number divisible by 3
S = {H1,H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6}
B = {T3, T6} 2 outcomes
EVALUATION 6.1: LET’S TRY IT INDIVIDUALLY
For each of the given experiment, list and count the outcomes
of the events corresponding to each description.
3. One card is drawn from a standard deck of 52 cards
a. Event A: a red card
S = {26 red cards, 26 black cards}
A = {26 red cards} 26 outcomes
b. Event B: a face card
S = {4 aces, 36 number cards, 12 face cards}
B = {12 face cards} 12 outcomes
UNION OF TWO EVENTS
The union of two events is the collection of sample points
in either of the two events or both. If A and B are two events,
then the union of these two events is denoted by 𝑨 ∪ 𝑩 or
𝑨 𝒐𝒓 𝑩.
Example 1: Find the union of getting a number less than 3 or a
number divisible by 3 in a fair die.
𝑆 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 𝑼 1 2 3 4 5 6
𝐴 = 1, 2
𝑨 𝑩
𝐵 = {3, 6}
𝑨 ∪ 𝑩 = {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟔}
UNION OF TWO EVENTS
The union of two events is the collection of sample points
in either of the two events or both. If A and B are two events,
then the union of these two events is denoted by 𝑨 ∪ 𝑩 or
𝑨 𝒐𝒓 𝑩.
Example 2: Find the union of getting an even number or a
prime number in a fair die.
𝑆 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 𝑼 1 2 3 4 5 6
𝐴 = 2, 4, 6
𝑨 𝑩
𝐵 = {2, 3, 5}
𝑨 ∪ 𝑩 = {𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔}
INTERSECTION OF TWO EVENTS
The intersection of two events is the collection of sample
points in both events. If A and B are two events, then the
intersection of these two events is denoted by 𝑨 ∩ 𝑩 or
𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩.
Example 1: Find the intersection of getting an even number
and an odd number in a fair die.
𝑆 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 𝑼 1 2 3 4 5 6
𝐴 = 2, 4, 6
𝑨 𝑩
𝐵 = {1, 3, 5}
𝑨∩𝑩 = 𝒐𝒓 ∅
INTERSECTION OF TWO EVENTS
The intersection of two events is the collection of sample
points in both events. If A and B are two events, then the
intersection of these two events is denoted by 𝑨 ∩ 𝑩 or
𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩.
Example 2: Find the intersection of getting an even number
and a prime number in a fair die.
𝑆 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 𝑼 1 2 3 4 5 6
𝐴 = 2, 4, 6
𝑨 𝑩
𝐵 = {2, 3, 5}
𝑨∩𝑩 = 𝟐
COMPLEMENT OF AN EVENT
The complement of an event is the collection of sample
points in the sample space not found in that event. If A is an
′
event, then the complement of event A is denoted by 𝑨 .

Example 1: Find the complement of getting an odd number in

a fair die.
𝑆 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 𝑼 1 2 3 4 5 6
𝐴 = 3
𝑨
𝑨′ = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔
COMPLEMENT OF AN EVENT
The complement of an event is the collection of sample
points in the sample space not found in that event. If A is an
′
event, then the complement of event A is denoted by 𝑨 .

Example 2: Find the complement of getting an even number or

a prime number in a fair die.
𝑆 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 𝑼 1 2 3 4 5 6
𝐴 = 2, 4, 6
𝑨 𝑩
𝐵 = {2, 3, 5}
𝑨 ∪ 𝑩 = {𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔}
(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩)′ = {𝟏}
COMPLEMENT OF AN EVENT
The complement of an event is the collection of sample
points in the sample space not found in that event. If A is an
′
event, then the complement of event A is denoted by 𝑨 .

Example 3: Find the complement of getting an even number

and a prime number in a fair die.
𝑆 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 𝑼 1 2 3 4 5 6
𝐴 = 2, 4, 6
𝑨 𝑩
𝐵 = {2, 3, 5}
𝑨 ∩ 𝑩 = {𝟐, }
(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩)′ = {𝟏, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔}
ACTIVITY 6.3: UNION, INTERSECTION AND COMPLEMENT
Given the Venn diagram below, answer the following.
𝑼 1 10 1. What is event A?
𝐸𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐴 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎
𝑨 𝑩 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 3.
6 9 3 2 5
7 2. What is event B?
𝐸𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐵 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎
𝑪 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.
3. What is event C?
4 8 𝐸𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 4.
EVALUATION 6.2: SPIN THE WHEEL
A spinning wheel is divided
𝑼 1 10 4. What is 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵?
𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = {6, 9, 3, 2, 5, 7}
𝑨 𝑩 5. What is 𝐴 ∪ 𝐶?
6 9 3 2 5 𝐴 ∪ 𝐶 = {6, 9, 3, 4, 8}
7 6. What is 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶?
𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 = {3, 2, 5, 7, 4, 8}
𝑪 7. What is 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵?
𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {3}
4 8
8. What is 𝐴 ∩ 𝐶?
𝐴 ∩ 𝐶 = or ∅
Example:
Given the following data, find the union and intersection of the
two events.
𝑆 = {𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 6 − 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑒}
𝐴 = 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 , 𝐵 = {𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠}
𝐵 = {𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠}
 Suppose that you roll a die once. Consider the two events
that may happen. It may turn up a face less than 4 or it may
turn up an even number.
GET READY
FOR QUIZ 5