1

S.Aguilar, Y.Icabuco, D.Wilches, W.Leon 4. To analyze the circuit with two sources (two batteries) to
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understand how voltage sources influence current and

LABORATORY I
potential difference in a circuit.
5. To study the capacitor discharge process and plot a voltage
vs. time graph to analyze its dynamic behavior.
"Analysis of Electrical
Circuits". III. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

(LABORATORIO I 1. Capacitance Circuits:

Capacitors in Series: In a series circuit of capacitors, the total
“Analisis De Circuitos capacitance (C_total) is less than the smallest individual
capacitance. The charge on each capacitor is the same, but the

Eléctricos”) potential difference (voltage) is divided between the

capacitors. The current in a series capacitor circuit is
calculated using Ohm's law: I = V_total / R_total, where
V_total is the total potential difference and R_total is the total
Abstract: This laboratory practice involved the assembly and resistance.
analysis of eight different electrical circuits, including two Capacitors in Parallel: In a parallel circuit of capacitors, the
capacitance circuits (one in series and one in parallel), two total capacitance is the sum of the individual capacitances.
resistance circuits (one in series and one in parallel), two LED The total charge is the sum of the charges on each capacitor,
circuits (4 LEDs and 3 LEDs), one circuit with two sources but the voltage across each capacitor is the same.
(two batteries), and a capacitor discharge circuit. The main 2. Resistance Circuits:
objective was to analyze and understand the behavior of these Resistors in Series: In a series resistor circuit, the total
circuits in terms of potential difference, current, and other resistance (R_total) is the sum of the individual resistances.
relevant parameters. Additionally, a voltage vs. time graph The current is the same everywhere in the circuit, but the
was plotted for the capacitor discharge circuit to study its potential difference is divided between the resistors. The
dynamic behavior. potential difference in a series resistor circuit is calculated by
summing the potential differences across each element:
V_total = V_1 + V_2 + ... + V_n.
I. INTRODUCTION Resistors in Parallel: In a parallel resistor circuit, the total
resistance is less than the lowest individual resistance. The
Electrical circuits are fundamental components in numerous total current is divided between the resistance branches, but
technological and scientific applications. In this practice, the potential difference is the same across all branches.
various types of circuits were explored to understand how they 3. LED Circuits:
function and behave in different configurations. The LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) are semiconductor components
capacitance, resistance, and LED circuits were analyzed in that emit light when current flows through them in the correct
terms of their fundamental electrical properties, such as the direction. The current and voltage in a circuit with LEDs must
potential difference across them and the current flowing be within specified limits to avoid damage to the LED.
through them. The capacitor discharge circuit was studied to 4. Circuits with Two Sources:
understand how a capacitor discharges when the voltage In a circuit with two voltage sources, the total current is the
source is removed. sum of the currents from each source, and the total potential
difference is the sum of the voltages from each source.
5. Capacitor Discharge:
When a capacitor is disconnected from a voltage source, it
II. OBJECTIVES begins to discharge through a resistor. The discharge follows
an exponential law, and the discharge time depends on the
1. To understand the behavior of capacitance circuits in series resistance and capacitance.
and parallel by calculating and analyzing the potential Relative and Absolute Error:
difference across each element. The relative percent error is calculated as: Error_rel =
2. To analyze the behavior of resistance circuits in series and |Measured Value - True Value| / True Value * 100%.
parallel by calculating and analyzing the potential difference The absolute error is the difference between the measured
and current in each configuration. value and the true value: Error_abs = |Measured Value - True
3. To study the behavior of LEDs in simple circuits by Value|.
calculating the potential difference and current in circuits with
4 LEDs and 3 LEDs. This theoretical framework provides the basis for
understanding the fundamental principles behind the operation
of the electrical circuits analyzed in the laboratory practice.
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*laboratorio I (analisis de circuitos eléctricos)
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The mentioned formulas are useful for calculating current, Figure 3. Simulation
potential difference, and errors in the measurements taken
during the practice.

IV. EXPERIMENTAL DATA

EXERCISE 1: capacitors

Figure 1. Data

PARALLEL:

Figure 4. Practice

SERIE:

Figure 2. Practice

Figure 5. Simulation
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RESULTS: Figura 10.

Figura 6.

EXERCISE 2: Resistances

Figura 7. Data

Figura 8. Relative and absolute error

Figura 11. Simulation

PARALLEL:

Figura 12. Practice

SERIE:

Figura 9. Practice
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3 LEDS:
Figure 13. Simulation
FIgure 17. Practice

Figure 18. Simulation

RESULTS:

Figura 14.

EXERCISE 3: Leds
RESULT:
4 LEDS:
Figure 19.
Figure 15. Practice

EXERCISE 4: Double source

Figure 16. Simulation Figure 20. Practice

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Figure 21.
Figure 25.

Figure 22. Simulation

Figure 23. Results Figure 26.

EXERCISE 5: Discharge capacitance

Figure 24. Practice

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Regarding capacitor circuits, both series and parallel circuits

GRAPH: were analyzed. In the series circuit, it was found that the total
voltage was less than the voltage of each individual capacitor,
Figure 27. Board while in the parallel circuit, the total voltage was similar to the
voltage of each capacitor. These results align with the theories
of capacitance in electrical circuits.

In the circuits with resistors and LEDs, proper behavior in

terms of voltage and current was observed. The theoretical and
experimental values showed good agreement in most cases,
with acceptable relative and absolute errors. However, in the
circuits with 4 LEDs and 3 LEDs, significant percentage
errors were found, suggesting possible issues in measurement
or circuit configuration.

In the case of circuits with dual sources (batteries),

significant discrepancies were identified between theoretical
and experimental values. Source 1 showed percentage errors
ranging from 12% to 21%, while Source 2 showed percentage
errors ranging from 200% to 232%. These discrepancies could
be due to measurement errors or non-ideal conditions in the
circuits.

This acceleration is evident. However, when the movement

is regulated, the data records disappear, as described by the
motion itself. Its acceleration remains constant at zero, and its
velocity remains constant but above zero. Due to this fact,
when verifying the errors, there's so much disparity, as a
perfect movement couldn't be achieved due to the conditions.

Figure 28. Voltage vs Time IX. CONCLUSION

The electrical circuits experiment yielded results consistent

with established theories. Proper behavior was observed in
capacitor, resistor, and LED circuits in most cases. However,
significant discrepancies were identified in circuits with dual
sources, highlighting the need to improve measurement
precision and circuit configuration. Overall, the experiment
was valuable for understanding and applying the basic
principles of electrical circuits.

V. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS

In the conducted experiment, various aspects of electrical

circuits were analyzed, starting with the discharge of a
capacitor. An exponential decrease in voltage was observed as
the capacitor discharged, which is consistent with the expected
behavior.
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REFERENCES

"FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS" BY CHARLES

K. ALEXANDER AND MATTHEW N. O. SADIKU.

HTTPS://ES.KHANACADEMY.ORG/SCIENCE/PHYSICS/CIRCUIT
S-TOPIC

HTTPS://PT.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/CAPACIT%C3%A2NCIA

HTTPS://WWW.FLUKE.COM/ES-BO/INFORMACION/BLOG/ELE
CTRICA/QUE-ES-LA-LEY-DE-OHM

NILSSON, J. W., & RIEDEL, S. A. (2005). CIRCUITOS

ELÉCTRICOS
(7TH ED.). PEARSON1. HAYT, W. H.,

KEMMERLY JACK E., & DURBIN, S. M. (2012).

ANÁLISIS DE CIRCUITOS EN INGENIERÍA (8TH ED.).
MCGRAW-HILL1.