Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

Chapter 4
Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data
In this chapter, the analysis and interpretation of data collected from both
questionnaires and interviews with solo parents in Barangay Munting Pulo and San
Isidro are presented. The information is presented in tabular, directly addressing the
outlined questions in the statement of the problem.

1. Demographic profile of the solo parents. The following tables reveals the
distribution of the respondents in terms of profile variables.

1.1. Age. Table 1.1 presents the distribution of the respondents in terms of age.
Table 1.1
Frequency Distribution of the Solo Parents’ Profile in terms of Age.
Age Frequency Percentage
26-30 0 0
31-35 0 0
36-40 4 12.9
41-45 8 25.8
46-above 19 61.3
Total 31 100

Table 1.1 illustrates the distribution of solo parents based on age. None of the solo
parents fall within the age groups of 26-30 and 31-35. However, 4 solo parents (12.9%)
are in the 36-40 age range, 8 (25.8%) are in the 41-45 age range, and the majority, 19
solo parents (61.3%), are aged 46 and above. The total number of solo parents
considered is 31.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

1.2. Sex. Table 1.2 presents the distribution of the respondents in terms of sex.
Table 1.2
Frequency Distribution of the Solo Parents’ Profile in terms of sex.
Gender Frequency Percentage
Female 27 90.3
Male 3 9.7
Total 31 100

This table 1.2 displays the distribution of solo parents based on sex. It indicates
that 27 out of 31 solo parents are female, constituting 90.3%, while 3 solo parents are
male, representing 9.7% of the total.

1.3. Educational Level. Table 1.3 presents the distribution of the respondents in
terms of educational level.
Table 1.3
Frequency Distribution of the Solo Parents’ Profile in terms of Educational Level.
Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage
Less than High School 10 32.3
High School Graduate 16 51.6
College Graduate 5 16.1
Other 0 0
Total 31 100

This educational level profile of solo parents underscores a varied distribution,

with a significant portion having completed high school (51.6%) and notable proportions
at less than high school education (32.3%) and college completion (16.1%). Notably, no
individuals fall under the "Other" category in this sample of 31 solo parents.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

1.4. Employment Status. Table 1.4 presents the distribution of the respondents
in terms of employment status.

Table 1.4
Frequency Distribution of the Solo Parents’ Profile in terms of Employment Status.
Employment Status Frequency Percentage
Employed 15 48.4
Unemployed 8 25.8
Other 8 25.8
Total 31 100

The table highlights the distribution of solo parents’ profile concerning their
employment status. Among the 31 participants surveyed, 48.4% are employed, totaling
15 individuals. Unemployed solo parents account for 25.8% of the sample, with 8
respondents falling into this category. Additionally, another 25.8% of solo parents are
classified under the “Other” category, also comprising 8 participants.

2. Perception of solo parents

Table 2.1 Resilience as adaptation

Statements Mean SD Description
1.I have developed a 3.6 0.49 Strongly Agree
strong ability to
adapt to challenges
as a solo parent.
2.I feel resilient in 3.2 0.40 Agree
the face of
adversities related to
solo parenting.

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SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

3.I have effective 3.6 0.37 Strongly Agree

coping mechanisms
for changes and
uncertainties in life.
Grand Weighted 3.5 0.42 Strongly Agree
Mean

The provided data suggests a positive perception of resilience among solo parents.
Participants strongly agree that they have developed a strong ability to adapt to
challenges, as indicated by a weighted mean of 3.6. Additionally, there is an agreement
in feeling resilient in the face of adversities related to solo parenting, with a weighted
mean of 3.2. The third statement indicates strong agreement in having effective coping
mechanisms for life changes and uncertainties, with a weighted mean of 3.6. The grand
weighted mean of 3.5 reinforces an overall strong agreement that solo parents possess
resilience as an adaptation, reflecting a positive and adaptive mindset among the
participants.

The interviews strongly support the interpretation that solo parents exhibit a
positive and adaptive mindset, emphasizing their resilience in facing challenges.
Respondent #1's teamwork and proactive efforts align with the participants' reported
high scores for adaptability. Respondent 2's demonstration of personal resilience
supports the agreement in feeling resilient, as indicated by the survey. Additionally,
Respondent 4's resourcefulness corresponds to the reported effective coping mechanisms
among participants. These individual experiences reinforce the overall strong agreement
that solo parents possess resilience.

Relevant studies, such as Buzanko (2023), emphasize the importance of resilience

in mitigating the impact of challenges on parents and their children. This aligns with the
observed high mean scores, suggesting that the surveyed solo parents possess the
resilience necessary for effective adaptation. The positive outlook on resilience may

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

signify the potential success of existing support systems, contributing to the well-being
of solo parents in the face of adversities.

Table 2.2 Protective Factors

Statements Weighted Mean SD Verbal Interpretation
1.I believe my life as 3.0 0.57 Agree
a solo parent is more
secure.
2.Factors enhancing 3.3 0.46 Agree
protection from
negative life events
are present in my
life.
3.I perceive a safer 3.4 0.56 Agree
environment for solo
parents in the
community.
Grand Weighted 3.2 O.53 Agree
Mean

The survey results, with mean scores of 3.0 for life security, 3.3 for factors
enhancing protection, and 3.4 for a perceived safer community environment, indicate a
collective agreement among solo parents regarding the presence of protective factors in
their lives. These findings suggest that solo parents, as a group, feel a sense of security
and perceive protection from potential adversities.

The interviews provide valuable supporting details to this narrative. For instance,
Respondent #1's emphasis on teamwork and proactive efforts aligns with the survey's
emphasis on factors enhancing protection, reinforcing the idea of a secure life.
Respondent 2's demonstration of personal resilience amid financial challenges supports

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REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

the notion that solo parents actively engage in enhancing their own protection, as
suggested by the survey. Furthermore, Respondent 4's emphasis on the significance of
government aid amid daily struggles aligns with the survey's emphasis on a perceived
safer community environment. These individual experiences substantiate the collective
agreement among solo parents regarding the presence of protective factors, underscoring
the importance of both individual and external factors in fostering a sense of security
and protection.
Notably, these insights resonate with Porta et al.'s (2022) research, highlighting
the crucial role of a perceived safer environment in contributing to the overall well-being
of solo parents.

Table 2.3 Stressors and Vulnerability

Statements Weighted Mean SD Verbal
Interpretation
1. I have fewer 2.7 0.73 Disagree
stressful situations
as a solo parents.
2. I feel more secure 2.8 0.58 Disagree
and less at risk as a
solo parents.
3. I believe there are 3.2 0.47 Agree
specific things the
community could
do to help reduce
stress for solo
parents.
Grand Weighted 2.9 0.59 Disagree
Mean

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SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

The results reveal a notable disagreement among solo parents concerning

stressors and vulnerability, with an overall weighted mean of 2.9. This suggests that, as
a group, solo parents do not perceive their situations as having fewer stressful
circumstances (Mean = 2.7) or feeling more secure and less at risk (Mean = 2.8). Despite
this, there is agreement that specific actions from the community could help alleviate
stress for solo parents (Mean = 3.2).

The interviews offer insights into these perceptions. For example, Respondent
#1's emphasis on financial assistance and proactive efforts aligns with the
acknowledgment of stressful circumstances in the survey, implying that despite efforts,
stressors persist. Respondent 2's perspective on the substantial impact of financial
assistance reflects a nuanced view on security, recognizing that financial aid, though
helpful, may not entirely alleviate stress. Conversely, Respondent 3's high satisfaction
challenges the survey's indication of heightened stressors, emphasizing the adequacy of
existing support structures. Respondent 4's resourcefulness amid daily struggles aligns
with the survey's findings of perceived stressful circumstances, suggesting that despite
adaptive strategies, stressors persist. Additionally, Respondent 5's advocacy for program
expansion indicates a recognition of potential stressors faced by other solo parents,
supporting the survey's findings that community interventions could help alleviate
stress.
These findings align with existing literature; Stack (2018) emphasize the
heightened stressors faced by solo parents, challenging the idea of reduced stress and
increased security. Moreover, the agreement on community interventions supports the
recommendations of Wakai (2023), highlighting the importance of targeted support to
mitigate stressors for solo parents.

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Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

Table 2.4. Developmental Perspective

Statements Weighted Mean SD Verbal
Interpretation
1. I am growing and 3.3 0.53 Agree
developing
positively in my role
as a solo parent.
2. Positive changes 3.4 0.56 Agree
have occurred in my
life as a solo
parents.
3. I believe I am 3.4 0.56 Agree
growing and doing
well as a solo
parents
Grand Weighted 3.4 0.55 Agree
Mean

The developmental perspective among solo parents is characterized by a positive

outlook, evidenced by the overall weighted mean of 3.4. This indicates a collective
agreement among participants that solo parents perceive growth and positive
development in their roles. Participants express alignment with statements such as “.
Positive changes have occurred in my life as a solo parents” (Mean = 3.3) and “I believe I
am growing and doing well as a solo parent,” both scoring a mean of 3.4. This result
suggests that, as a group, solo parents view their experiences in a constructive light,
emphasizing personal growth and successful adaptation to their roles.

Supporting this interpretation, insights from the interviews provide depth

understanding. For instance, Respondent #2’s demonstration of personal resilience amid
financial challenges and their prioritization of their child’s education reflect a positive

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Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

adaptation to the solo parenting role, aligning with the overall consensus on growth and
development. Additionally, Respondent #3’s resourcefulness in addressing financial
challenges and the successful graduation of their children from college indicate positive
changes in their life as a solo parent, reinforcing the alignment with the developmental
perspective in psychology. Furthermore, Respondent #5’s emphasis on the pivotal role of
financial assistance in prioritizing education and advocating for program expansion
indicates a proactive approach to growth, echoing the positive growth and adaptation
highlighted in the overall findings.

This result implies that, as a group, solo parents view their experiences in a
constructive light, emphasizing personal growth and successful adaptation to their roles.
These findings align with the developmental perspective in psychology, where individuals
actively engage in positive growth and adaptation to life circumstances (Erikson Theory,
2015)

Table 2.5. Positive Outcomes

Statements Weighted Mean SD Verbal
Interpretation
1. I perceive the 3.4 0.55 Agree
outcomes of my solo
parenting journey
as beneficial and
positive.
2. I am growing and 3.4 0.55 Agree
developing
positively in my role
as a solo parent.
3. I have 3.2 0.50 Agree
experienced positive

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SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
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outcomes in various
aspects of my life as
a solo parent.
Grand Weighted 3.3 0.53 Agree
Mean

The assessment of positive outcomes in the context of solo parenting presents an

optimistic perspective, with an overall weighted mean of 3.3, indicating agreement
among participants. Solo parents collectively perceive the outcomes of their journey as
beneficial and positive, as evidenced by the high mean score of 3.4 for statements such
as "I perceive the outcomes of my solo parenting journey as beneficial and positive" and
"I am growing and developing positively in my role as a solo parent." Additionally, the
acknowledgment of positive outcomes across various life aspects (Mean = 3.2) further
reinforces the overall agreement.

This suggests that solo parents, as a group, recognize and affirm positive
developments in their lives stemming from their solo parenting experiences. For
instance, Respondent #1's emphasis on teamwork and proactive efforts aligns with the
survey's indication of positive growth and development. Similarly, Respondent 2's
demonstration of personal resilience and commitment to their child's education reflects
positive developments within the solo parenting journey. The successful graduation of
children, as highlighted by Respondent 3, aligns with the survey's emphasis on
recognizing positive developments across different life aspects. Moreover, Respondent 4's
resourcefulness in overcoming daily struggles and engaging in income-generating
activities contributes to the overall positive outcomes recognized by solo parents in the
survey. The emphasis on financial assistance in prioritizing education, as expressed by
Respondent 5, further underscores the positive impact of the solo parenting journey.
These insights not only offer real-life context to the survey results but also highlight the
active engagement of solo parents in fostering positive growth and development. These

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SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

findings align with resilience theory, emphasizing the capacity of individuals to thrive
and find positive outcomes in the face of challenges (Breda, 2018).

Table 3: Impact of Financial Assistance on Economic Well-being of Solo Parents.

Statements Mean SD Verbal
Interpretation
1. The financial 2.6 0.62 Disagree
assistance I receive
adequately meets
my basic needs.
2. The process of 3.1 0.50 Agree
applying for
financial Assistance
is straightforward
and efficient.
3. The financial 3.3 0.54 Agree
Assistance has
positively impacted
my overall economic
well-being.
4. The financial 3.2 0.40 Agree
assistance program
considers the
specific challenges
faced by solo
parents.
5. I am satisfied 3.3 0.54 Agree
with the overall
support provided

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through financial
assistance.
Grand Weighted 3.1 Agree
Mean

The table evaluates the impact of financial assistance on the economic well-being
of solo parents. The mean scores, representing respondents' perceptions, indicate that
while there are areas of concern, overall, there is an agreement that financial assistance
positively influences economic well-being. Specifically, respondents express
dissatisfaction (Mean=2.6, Verbal Interpretation: Disagree) regarding the adequacy of
financial assistance to meet basic needs. However, there is a general consensus that the
application process is straightforward and efficient (Mean=3.1, Verbal Interpretation:
Agree). Additionally, solo parents perceive a positive impact on their overall economic
well-being (Mean=3.3, Verbal Interpretation: Agree), indicating that, despite concerns,
financial assistance contributes positively. The respondents also believe that the
financial assistance program considers the specific challenges faced by solo parents
(Mean=3.2, Verbal Interpretation: Agree). The satisfaction with the overall support
provided through financial assistance is reflected in a high mean score of 3.3 (Verbal
Interpretation: Agree) in the last statement.

Insights from the interviews add depth to these findings. Respondent #1's
acknowledgment of financial assistance's significant impact aligns with the positive
overall sentiment in the survey. The emphasis on teamwork and proactive efforts also
contributes to the perceived positive impact on economic well-being. Respondent 2's
emphasis on the substantial impact of financial assistance on their limited income
supports the positive overall sentiment in the survey, despite concerns about adequacy.
Their recognition of financial aid as helpful resonates with the perceived positive impact
on overall economic well-being. Respondent 4's appreciation for government aid amid
daily struggles reflects the positive sentiment in the survey, emphasizing the positive
impact on economic well-being. The respondent's resourcefulness in addressing

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Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

challenges further supports the potential of financial assistance to positively influence

economic well-being.

These findings resonate with studies by Legarde (2023) and Vyskocil (2018), which
highlight the importance of tailored financial assistance programs for solo parents to
address their unique challenges effectively. While acknowledging areas for improvement,
the positive overall sentiment emphasizes the potential of financial assistance programs
to enhance the economic well-being of solo parents.

Impact of resiliency on solo parents

Financial assistance in Brgy. San Isidro and Munting Pulo, Lipa City, strongly
enhances the resiliency of solo parents. Respondents highlight its pivotal role in meeting
daily needs and supporting education. In Brgy. Munting pulo, teamwork and proactive
efforts supplement income, showcasing resilience. Respondents, despite limited income
and physical challenges, prioritize education, emphasizing a balanced approach and self-
reliance through work. Financial aid contributes to successful college graduations,
indicating contentment and effective support. Acknowledging government aid's role,
respondents demonstrate resourcefulness, adaptive strategies, and overall contentment
with governance. Emphasizing education's importance, family-centric approaches,
community support, and advocacy contribute to a broader network fostering resiliency.
Overall, financial assistance significantly contributes to solo parents' resiliency,
addressing immediate needs, supporting education, and fostering community bonds.

Table 4. Significant relationship between the financial assistance received by the

solo parents and barangay resiliency intervention.
r value p value remarks Decision
Resilience as Financial not
significant Accept Null
adaptation Assistance
0.1052 0.573281 p<.05 Hypothesis
Protective Financial not Accept Null
0.0275 0.883521 significant Hypothesis

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REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

Factors Assistance p<.05

Stressors and Financial significant
p<.05 Reject Null
Vulnerability Assistance
0.3571 0.48597 Hypothesis
Developmental Financial not
significant Accept Null
perspective Assistance
0.2201 0.234139 p<.05 Hypothesis
Positive Financial not
significant Accept Null
outcome Assistance
0.0684 0.710659 p<.05 Hypothesis

The correlation analysis suggests that financial assistance is not significantly

associated with resilience as adaptation or protective factors among solo parents
(p>0.05). Conversely, a notable relationship exists between financial aid and stressors/
vulnerability (r = 0.3571, p<0.05), indicating its impact on reducing stressors.

In the case of Respondent #1, the emphasis on teamwork and proactive efforts
aligns with the lack of significant associations with resilience, implying that the effect of
financial assistance on resilience may be influenced by additional factors. Respondent
2's demonstration of personal resilience amid financial challenges adds complexity to the
relationship between financial assistance and resilience, emphasizing the multifaceted
nature of this dynamic. Respondent 4's resourcefulness in addressing daily struggles
aligns with the observed relationship between financial aid and reduced stressors,
indicating that financial assistance can play a role in alleviating specific stressors faced
by solo parents.

Together, these interview insights provide a understanding of the multifaceted

dynamics between financial assistance and solo parents' experiences. While financial aid
may not be directly tied to certain aspects of resilience and positive outcomes, its
potential impact on stress reduction is highlighted. The call for comprehensive and
holistic support structures, evident in the lack of significant associations in certain
domains, underscores the importance of addressing various facets of solo parents'
experiences beyond financial aid alone. The lack of significant associations with

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Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

developmental perspective and positive outcomes supports prior research (Johnsonn

2022), emphasizing the insufficiency of financial aid alone in influencing these aspects
positively. These findings underscore the intricate nature of the relationship between
financial assistance and barangay resiliency intervention in solo parenting, emphasizing
the need for holistic support structures.

5. Significant difference between the financial assistance received by solo parents and
resiliency intervention when they are grouped according to age.

Table 5.1. Significant difference between the financial assistance received by solo
parents and resiliency intervention when they are grouped according to age.
Resilience As Adaptation
Source of SS df MS F P-value Decision
Variance
Between 0.105 2 0.053 0.708 0.501
Groups
Within 2.081 28 0.074 Accept the
Groups null
hypothesis
Total 2.186 30
Protective Factors
Source of SS df MS F P-value Decision
Variance
Between 0.065 2 0.032 0.194 0.824 Accept the
Groups Null
Hypothesis
Within 4.722 28 0.168
Groups
Total 4.788 30

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

Stressors and Vulnerability

Source of SS df MS F P-value Decision
Variance
Between 0.099 2 0.049 0.280 0.757
Groups
Within 4.947 28 0.176 Accept the
Groups null
hypothesis
Total 5.046 30

Developmental Perspective
Source of SS df MS F P-value Decision
Variance
Between 0.029 2 0.014 0.607 0.941 Accept the
Groups null
hypothesis
Within 6.716 28 0.239
Groups
Total 6.745 30
Positive Outcome

Source of SS df MS F P-value Decision

Variance
Between 0.043 2 0.021 0.101 0.903 Accept the
Groups null
hypothesis
Within 6.063 28 0.216
Groups
Total 6.107 30

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 Republic of the Philippines
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REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

The data analysis examines the relationship between financial assistance received
by solo parents and resiliency intervention when categorized by age groups. Across all
dimensions – resilience as adaptation, protective factors, stressors and vulnerability,
developmental perspective, and positive outcomes – the p-values consistently exceed the
conventional significance level of 0.05. Consequently, the decisions for each factor are to
accept the null hypothesis, indicating no significant difference in resiliency factors
among different age groups of solo parents concerning the financial assistance they
receive. This suggests that the variations in financial support do not play a statistically
significant role in influencing the levels of resilience, protective factors, stressors and
vulnerability, developmental perspective, or positive outcomes among solo parents of
different age brackets. The findings underscore the importance of considering other
potential factors beyond financial assistance.

Insights from the interviews provide context to these statistical findings. For
example, Respondent #1’s emphasis on teamwork and proactive efforts, irrespective of
age, aligns with the observed lack of significant differences in resiliency factors. It
suggests that the collaborative approach is consistent across age groups. Additionally,
Respondent 2’s demonstration of personal resilience amid financial challenges adds
depth to the analysis, reinforcing the notion that financial factors alone may not
significantly contribute to resilience among solo parents. Furthermore, Respondent 4’s
resourcefulness in addressing daily struggles, irrespective of age, resonates with the
study’s emphasis on the multi-dimensional nature of resilience, suggesting that socio-
emotional competence and coping strategies are crucial contributors.

The observed lack of significant differences in resiliency factors among solo

parents of different age groups, despite variations in financial assistance, aligns with
findings from a study by Miller-Graff (2022). This study highlights the need for a
comprehensive understanding of resilience, encompassing a broader range of personal
and environmental factors beyond financial considerations.

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REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
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SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

Table 5.2. Significant difference between the financial assistance received by solo
parents and resiliency factors when they are grouped according to sex.
Demographic Factors t-Test P-Value* Decision
Profile Value
Sex Resilience as -1 0.422 Accept the
Adaptation null
hypothesis
Protective -0.632 0.572 Accept the
Factors null
hypothesis
Stressors and -0.875 0.445 Accept the
Vulnerability null
hypothesis
Developmental -1.908 0.152 Accept the
Perspective null
hypothesis
Positive -0.843 0.487 Accept the
outcome null
hypothesis

Table 5.2 results indicate no significant difference in resiliency intervention among

solo parents when grouped by sex and financial assistance. T-test values for each factor,
with p-values above 0.05, suggest insufficient evidence to claim a significant difference.
Insights from the interviews deepen our understanding of these statistical findings.

For instance, Respondent #1’s emphasis on teamwork and proactive efforts,

irrespective of gender, aligns with the observed lack of significant differences in resiliency
factors, indicating that collaborative approaches are consistent across genders.
Additionally, Respondent 2’s demonstration of personal resilience amid financial
challenges adds depth to the analysis, reinforcing the notion that gender alone may not

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significantly impact resilience among solo parents. Moreover, Respondent 4’s

resourcefulness in addressing daily struggles, irrespective of gender, resonates with the
literature’s emphasis on considering a broader range of individual and environmental
variables when assessing resiliency.

This aligns with literature, such as Johansen (2022), highlighting that gender
differences in resilience are influenced by complex factors beyond just sex. Assessing
resiliency in solo parents should consider a broader range of individual and
environmental variables.

Table 5.3. Significant difference between the financial assistance received by solo
parents and resiliency factors when they are grouped according to educational
attainment.
Resilience As Adaptation
Source of SS df MS F P- Decision
Variance value
Between 0.065 2 0.032 0.415 0.664 Accept the
Groups null
hypothesis
Within 2.2 28 0.078
Groups
Total 2.265 30
Protective Factors
Source of SS Df MS F P- Decision
Variance value
Between 0.117 2 0.058 0.352 0.705 Accept the
Groups null
hypothesis

Address: San Isidro, Lipa City

Telephone No.: (043) 702-1574
Email Address: 301500@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

Within 4.670 28 0.166

Groups
Total 4.788 30
Stressors and Vulnerability Decision
Source of SS Df MS F P- Accept the
Variance value null
hypothesis
Between 0.096 2 0.048 0.273 0.762
Groups
Within 4.95 28 0.176
Groups
Total 5.046 30

Developmental Perspective
Source of SS Df MS F P- Decision
Variance value
Between 0.029 2 0.014 0.607 0.941 Accept the
Groups null
hypothesis
Within 6.716 28 0.239
Groups
Total 6.745 30
Positive Outcome

Source of SS Df MS F P- Decision
Variance value

Address: San Isidro, Lipa City

Telephone No.: (043) 702-1574
Email Address: 301500@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

Between 0.064 2 0.032 0.143 0.866 Accept the

Groups null
hypothesis
Within 6.322 28 0.225
Groups
Total 6.387 30

The presented Table 5.3 explores the potential significant differences in resiliency
intervention among solo parents based on their educational attainment and the financial
assistance they receive. The analysis utilizes various factors: Resilience as Adaptation,
Protective Factors, Stressors and Vulnerability, Developmental Perspective, and Positive
Outcome. For each factor, the F-test and associated p-values are provided. The decisions
across all factors are to “accept the null hypothesis,” indicating that there is no
statistically significant difference in resiliency factors when solo parents are grouped by
their educational attainment concerning the financial assistance they receive. The p-
values for Resilience as Adaptation (p = 0.664), Protective Factors (p = 0.705), Stressors
and Vulnerability (p = 0.762), Developmental Perspective (p = 0.941), and Positive
Outcome (p = 0.866) all exceed the conventional significance level of 0.05. This aligns
with the findings in the table, suggesting that variations in financial support do not play
a statistically significant role in influencing the levels of these resiliency factors among
solo parents with different educational backgrounds.

Interview insights provide depth understanding to these statistical results.

Respondent #1’s emphasis on teamwork and proactive efforts, regardless of educational
background, implies that collaborative approaches are consistent across different levels
of education. Respondent 3’s resourcefulness in addressing financial challenges,
irrespective of educational attainment, aligns with the study’s emphasis on considering
broader socio-economic contexts and individual capabilities when assessing family
resilience. Respondent 5’s advocacy for program expansion, irrespective of educational

Address: San Isidro, Lipa City

Telephone No.: (043) 702-1574
Email Address: 301500@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

background, supports the notion that resilience among solo parents is influenced by
factors beyond educational attainment and financial assistance alone.

These interview insights complement the statistical findings and align with
research by Berger and Qiu (2021), highlighting the intricate interplay of socioeconomic
factors and individual capabilities in shaping family resilience. Together, they
underscore the need for a comprehensive understanding of resiliency factors among solo
parents, recognizing the multifaceted influences that extend beyond educational
attainment and financial assistance.

Table 5.4. Significant difference between the financial assistance received by solo
parents and resiliency intervention when they are grouped according to
employment status.

Resilience As Adaptation
Source of SS df MS F P- Decision
Variance value
Between 0.442 Accept the
Groups null
hypothesis
0.128 2 0.064 0.839
Within
Groups
2.137 28 0.076
Total
2.265 30
Protective Factors
Source of SS df MS F P- Decision
Variance value

Address: San Isidro, Lipa City

Telephone No.: (043) 702-1574
Email Address: 301500@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

Between Accept the

Groups null
hypothesis

0.221 2 0.110
Within 4.566 28 0.163
Groups
0.680 0.514
Total 4.788 30
Stressors and Vulnerability
Source of SS df MS F P- Decision
Variance value
Between 0.479 2 0.239 1.337 0.278 Accept the
Groups null
hypothesis
Within 5.012 28 0.179
Groups
Total 5.491 30

Developmental Perspective
Source of SS df MS F P- Decision
Variance value
Between 0.252 2 0.126 0.545 0.585 Accept the
Groups null
hypothesis
Within 6.492 28 0.231
Groups
Total 6.745 30
Positive Outcome

Source of SS df MS F P- Decision
Variance value

Address: San Isidro, Lipa City

Telephone No.: (043) 702-1574
Email Address: 301500@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

Between 0.403 2 0.201 0.991 0.383 Accept the

Groups null
hypothesis
Within 5.703 28 0.203
Groups
Total 6.107 30

Table 5.4 presents an examination of the potential significant differences in

resiliency factors among solo parents based on their employment status and the
financial assistance they receive. The analysis includes dimensions such as Resilience as
Adaptation, Protective Factors, Stressors and Vulnerability, Developmental Perspective,
and Positive Outcome. For each factor, the F-test and associated p-values are provided.
Across all factors, the decisions are consistently to “accept the null hypothesis,”
suggesting that there is no statistically significant difference in resiliency factors when
solo parents are grouped by their employment status concerning the financial assistance
they receive. Notably, the p-values for Resilience as Adaptation (p = 0.442), Protective
Factors (p = 0.514), Stressors and Vulnerability (p = 0.278), Developmental Perspective
(p = 0.585), and Positive Outcome (p = 0.383) all exceed the conventional significance
level of 0.05.

In support of this interpretation, insights from the interviews contribute depth to

our understanding. For instance, Respondent #1’s emphasis on teamwork and proactive
efforts, irrespective of employment status, aligns with the observed lack of significant
differences in resiliency factors, indicating that collaborative approaches are consistent
across different employment statuses. Additionally, Respondent 2’s demonstration of
personal resilience amid financial challenges reinforces the notion that employment
status alone may not significantly impact resilience among solo parents. Moreover,
Respondent 4’s resourcefulness in addressing daily struggles, regardless of employment

Address: San Isidro, Lipa City

Telephone No.: (043) 702-1574
Email Address: 301500@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

status, resonates with the literature’s emphasis on considering a broader range of

factors when assessing family resilience beyond the singular influence of employment.

These interview insights complement the statistical findings and align with
research by Riopel (2019), highlighting the diverse nature of factors contributing to
resiliency among individuals. It emphasizes the diverse nature of factors contributing to
resiliency among individuals, including employment status. Their findings suggest that
while employment can influence financial aspects, it may not be the sole determinant of
psychological well-being or adaptive capacities. The current data, by accepting the null
hypothesis, underscores the importance of recognizing the multifaceted nature of
resiliency factors and considering various influences beyond employment status when
assessing and supporting solo parents.

7. Proposed Intervention Program

RATIONALE OF THE INTERVENTION PROGRAM

Solo parents in Barangay San Isidro and Munting Pulo, Lipa City, encounter
diverse challenges, necessitating a comprehensive support system. The proposed
intervention program aims to address the unique needs of solo parents, aligning with the
Solo Parent Welfare Act of 2000 from the Department of Social Welfare and Development
(DSWD). This legislation recognizes the rights and privileges of solo parents and
emphasizes the government's commitment to providing support. The data highlight the
pivotal role of financial assistance in enhancing the resilience of solo parents,
underscoring the need for tailored interventions. The program integrates strategies to
strengthen emotional well-being, economic stability, and community awareness, aligning
with both local legislation and the broader national framework for solo parent support.

Address: San Isidro, Lipa City

Telephone No.: (043) 702-1574
Email Address: 301500@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

Intervention Program to Enhance the Resiliency of Solo Parents in Barangay San

Isidro and Munting Pulo, Lipa city.

Objectives Strategies Specific Persons Date of Source of Expected

Activities Involved Impleme Fund Outcomes
ntation/
Time
Frame
To empower Organize Coping Solo All Year Barangay Improved
solo parents monthly mechanis Parents, Round funds resilience
with workshops m Barangay levels
practical covering training. officials, among solo
coping coping psychologi parents,
mechanism mechanis st fostering
s, effective ms, stress better
stress manageme emotional
managemen nt, and well-being
t strategies, adaptabilit and
and y skills. adaptabilit
enhanced Include y.
adaptability guest
skills, speakers,
fostering such as
emotional psychologi
resilience in st, to
the face of provide
life's expert
challenges insights.
and
uncertaintie
s
To empower Provide Financial Solo All Year Donations, Increased
solo parents financial Literacy parents, Round Barangay financial
with literacy Programs Financial funds stability
essential classes Educators, and
financial addressing Local independe
knowledge budgeting, NGOs, nce among
and skills, savings, Financial solo
fostering and Institution parents,
economic investment s empowerin
stability strategies. g them to
through Collaborate make
informed with local informed
decision- financial financial

Address: San Isidro, Lipa City

Telephone No.: (043) 702-1574
Email Address: 301500@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

making, institution decisions.

effective s for guest
budgeting, speakers
successful or
savings resources.
practices,
and
strategic
investment
planning.
To raise Launch Solo Barangay All year Donations, Increased
awareness campaigns Parenting Informatio Round Barangay participatio
among solo to raise Spotlight n Office, funds n and
parents awareness Session Communit engagemen
about the about y t of solo
available available Volunteers parents in
support programs , Solo the
programs and Parent interventio
and support advocates n program,
services, services for ensuring
emphasizin solo broader
g the parents. community
importance Utilize awareness.
of various
community channels,
engagement such as
. Encourage social
active media and
participatio community
n to ensure events.
broader
community
awareness
and
utilization
of
intervention
programs.
To Conduct Quarterly Barangay Qaurterly Barangay Improved
significantly quarterly Review social Funds satisfactio
improve the reviews of and services, n
operational financial adaptaion Financial
efficiency assistance program analyst,
and overall effectivene and solo

Address: San Isidro, Lipa City

Telephone No.: (043) 702-1574
Email Address: 301500@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

effectivenes ss based parent

s of the on solo representat
current parents’ ive.
financial feedback.
assistance Adjust
program. financial
aid
amounts
in
response
to inflation
and
economic
changes.
Implement
a user-
friendly
online
platform
for easy
application
and
feedback
To equip Create Skills Barangay Yearly Donations, Increased
solo parents personalize Training officials, Barangay self-
with d skill Program solo fund reliance
practical developme parents, through
skills that nt plans local acquired
enhance for each businesses skills,
their self- solo leading to
reliance, parent, potential
employabilit considerin employme
y, and g their nt
entrepreneu interests opportuniti
rial and es.
capabilities. market
This demands.
program Establish
aims to partnershi
address the p with
unique local
interests, businesses
aspirations, for
and market employme

Address: San Isidro, Lipa City

Telephone No.: (043) 702-1574
Email Address: 301500@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

demands nt
relevant to opportuniti
each solo es.
parent’s Organize a
circumstan yearly
ces. skills fair
showcasin
g solo
parents’
achieveme
nts

Address: San Isidro, Lipa City

Telephone No.: (043) 702-1574
Email Address: 301500@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

Chapter 5
Summary, Findings, Conclusion, and Recommendation
This chapter presents the research summary, findings, and suggests
recommendation based on the findings.
Summary
The study asses the Financial Assistance among Solo Parents and its basis for brgy.
Resiliency intervention in brgy, San Isidro and Muntingpulo, Lipa city.
Specifically, the research sought to answer the following:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of;

1.1. Age Range
1.2. Gender
1.3. Educational Level
1.4. Employment status

2. To what extent does the Barangay resiliency intervention in San Isidro and Munting
Pulo, Lipa City influence the perception of solo parents in terms of:
2.1 Resilience as adaptation?
2.2 Protective Factors?
2.3 Stressors and Vulnerability?
2.4 Developmental perspective?
2.5 Positive outcome?

3. To what extent does the provision of financial assistance impact the economic well-
being of solo parents in Barangay San Isidro and Munting Pulo, Lipa City?

4. How does the financial assistance received by solo parents in Brgy. San Isidro and
Munting Pulo, Lipa City, affect the resiliency intervention in the barangay?

Address: San Isidro, Lipa City

Telephone No.: (043) 702-1574
Email Address: 301500@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

5.Is there a significant relationship between the financial assistance received by solo
parents in Brgy. San Isidro and Munting Pulo, Lipa City, and the barangay resiliency
intervention?

6. Is there a significant difference between financial assistance received by solo parents

in Brgy. San Isidro and Munting Pulo, Lipa City and barangay resiliency intervention
when grouped according to individual profiles?

7. What activities or programs might be put in place at a barangay that will strengthen
the resilience of solo parents with regards to their financial security?

Findings
1. Profile of Respondents

1.1 Sex. Twenty seven (90.3%) of the respondents are female and 3 (9.7% ) are male.

1.2 Age: Notably, none of the solo parents fall within the age groups of 26-30 and 31-35.
The majority (61.3%) are aged 46 and above, suggesting a significant concentration in
the older age brackets.

1.3 Educational Attainment.The educational diversity among solo parents is evident,

with 51.6% having completed high school, 32.3% having less than a high school
education, and 16.1% having completed college, presenting a clear distribution within
the sample.

1.4 Employment Status. The majority of solo parents (67.7%) are employed, while
unemployed and others both have 25.8%.

Address: San Isidro, Lipa City

Telephone No.: (043) 702-1574
Email Address: 301500@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

2.Perception of Solo Parent

2.1 Resilience as Adaptation. Solo parents exhibit a strong agreement on resilience,

showcasing adaptability and effective coping mechanisms, aligning with literature
emphasizing resilience's role in mitigating challenges.

2.2 Protective Factors. Solo parents collectively perceive a sense of security and
protection from adversities, highlighting the significance of a safer environment in
contributing to their overall well-being.

2.3 Stressors and Vulnerability. There's notable disagreement on stressors and

vulnerability, challenging the idea of reduced stress. However, there's agreement on the
potential alleviation of stress through community interventions, supporting targeted
support for solo parents.

2.4 Developmental Perspective. Solo parents express a positive outlook on their

developmental perspective, collectively agreeing on growth and positive development in
their roles, aligning with psychological theories.

2.5 Positive Outcomes. Solo parents present an optimistic view, collectively recognizing
and affirming positive developments in various life aspects, aligning with resilience
theory's emphasis on thriving despite challenges.

3. Impact of financial assistance on economic well-being of solo parents.While solo

parents express dissatisfaction with the adequacy of financial assistance for basic needs,
there's an overall agreement that it positively impacts their economic well-being.

4. Impact of financial assistance on solo parents. Financial assistance significantly

enhances the resiliency of solo parents. Interviews underscore its crucial role in meeting
daily needs, supporting education, and fostering adaptability, showcasing a balanced

Address: San Isidro, Lipa City

Telephone No.: (043) 702-1574
Email Address: 301500@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

approach of appreciating assistance while promoting self-reliance.

5. Significant relationship between the financial assistance received by the solo

parents and resiliency factors. Financial assistance lacks a significant association
with resilience or protective factors among solo parents (p>0.05). However, it shows a
notable relationship with reduced stressors/vulnerability (r = 0.3571, p<0.05),
suggesting its impact on alleviating stressors.

6.Significant difference between the financial assistance received by solo parents

and resiliency factors when they are a group according to profile.The study finds no
significant difference in resiliency factors among solo parents when grouped by age, sex,
educational attainment, or employment status and considering financial assistance.

7. An intervention plan for barangay resiliency was proposed.

Conclusion
1. The majority of solo parents are female, primarily in the older age brackets, with
diverse educational backgrounds. Employment status is predominantly employed
(67.7%).

2. Solo parents display strong agreement on resilience, perceiving protective factors,

positive developmental perspectives, and affirming positive outcomes despite challenges.

3. Despite dissatisfaction with adequacy, there's an overall agreement that financial

assistance positively impacts the economic well-being of solo parents.

4. Financial assistance significantly enhances the resiliency of solo parents, aiding in

meeting daily needs, supporting education, and fostering adaptability.

5. While financial assistance lacks a significant association with overall resilience, it

Address: San Isidro, Lipa City

Telephone No.: (043) 702-1574
Email Address: 301500@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

notably correlates with reduced stressors/vulnerability, showcasing its impact on

specific challenges faced by solo parents.

6. The study finds no significant difference in resiliency factors among solo parents
across demographic profiles when considering financial assistance.

7. An intervention plan for barangay resiliency was proposed.

Recommendation
In light of the findings, the following are recommended:

1. Establish support groups and workshops specifically designed for older female solo
parents, addressing their unique challenges and providing a platform for sharing
experiences and solutions.

2. Implement regular resilience-building workshops or counseling sessions to reinforce

and further develop the adaptive and coping mechanisms identified among solo parents.

3. Conduct a thorough assessment of the adequacy of financial assistance and consider

adjusting the assistance amount to better meet the basic needs of solo parents, ensuring
it aligns with the prevailing economic conditions.

4. Introduce programs that empower solo parents to acquire additional skills or engage
in income-generating activities, promoting self-reliance while appreciating the ongoing
financial assistance.

5. Expand the financial assistance program to address specific stressors identified by

solo parents, ensuring it becomes a comprehensive support system covering various
aspects contributing to resilience.

Address: San Isidro, Lipa City

Telephone No.: (043) 702-1574
Email Address: 301500@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

6. Develop a comprehensive support framework that transcends demographic

considerations, focusing on individualized assistance tailored to the unique needs of
each solo parent, irrespective of age, sex, educational attainment, or employment status.

7. Related research with a wider scope maybe conducted in the future.

Address: San Isidro, Lipa City

Telephone No.: (043) 702-1574
Email Address: 301500@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF LIPA CITY
SAN ISIDRO INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

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SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

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SAN ISIDRO, LIPA CITY

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